1
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Fushitani M, Fujise H, Hishikawa A, You D, Saito S, Luo Y, Ueda K, Ibrahim H, Légaré F, Pratt ST, Eng-Johnsson P, Mauritsson J, Olofsson A, Peschel J, Simpson ER, Carpeggiani PA, Ertel D, Maroju PK, Moioli M, Sansone G, Shah R, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Nandiga Gopalakrishna H, Kühn S, Callegari C, Danailov M, Demidovich A, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, De Ninno G, Di Fraia M, Giannessi L, Plekan O, Rebernik Ribic P, Prince KC. Wave packet dynamics and control in excited states of molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104203. [PMID: 38469909 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wave packet interferometry with vacuum ultraviolet light has been used to probe a complex region of the electronic spectrum of molecular nitrogen, N2. Wave packets of Rydberg and valence states were excited by using double pulses of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), free-electron-laser (FEL) light. These wave packets were composed of contributions from multiple electronic states with a moderate principal quantum number (n ∼ 4-9) and a range of vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. The phase relationship of the two FEL pulses varied in time, but as demonstrated previously, a shot-by-shot analysis allows the spectra to be sorted according to the phase between the two pulses. The wave packets were probed by angle-resolved photoionization using an infrared pulse with a variable delay after the pair of excitation pulses. The photoelectron branching fractions and angular distributions display oscillations that depend on both the time delays and the relative phases of the VUV pulses. The combination of frequency, time delay, and phase selection provides significant control over the ionization process and ultimately improves the ability to analyze and assign complex molecular spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hikaru Fujise
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- INRS, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Bld. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Francois Légaré
- INRS, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Bld. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Olofsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Dominik Ertel
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Praveen Kumar Maroju
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Moioli
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronak Shah
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mathieu Dumergue
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Sergei Kühn
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Zangrando
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Primoz Rebernik Ribic
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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2
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Fushitani M, Pratt ST, You D, Saito S, Luo Y, Ueda K, Fujise H, Hishikawa A, Ibrahim H, Légaré F, Johnsson P, Peschel J, Simpson ER, Olofsson A, Mauritsson J, Carpeggiani PA, Maroju PK, Moioli M, Ertel D, Shah R, Sansone G, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Harshitha NG, Kühn S, Callegari C, Plekan O, Di Fraia M, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, Giannessi L, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, De Ninno G, Ribič PR, Prince KC. Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of complex resonances in molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:144305. [PMID: 33858156 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have used the FERMI free-electron laser to perform time-resolved photoelectron imaging experiments on a complex group of resonances near 15.38 eV in the absorption spectrum of molecular nitrogen, N2, under jet-cooled conditions. The new data complement and extend the earlier work of Fushitani et al. [Opt. Express 27, 19702-19711 (2019)], who recorded time-resolved photoelectron spectra for this same group of resonances. Time-dependent oscillations are observed in both the photoelectron yields and the photoelectron angular distributions, providing insight into the interactions among the resonant intermediate states. In addition, for most states, we observe an exponential decay of the photoelectron yield that depends on the ionic final state. This observation can be rationalized by the different lifetimes for the intermediate states contributing to a particular ionization channel. Although there are nine resonances within the group, we show that by detecting individual photoelectron final states and their angular dependence, we can identify and differentiate quantum pathways within this complex system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hikaru Fujise
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - François Légaré
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Per Johnsson
- Lund University, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Olofsson
- Lund University, Department of Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Matteo Moioli
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Ertel
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronak Shah
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Mathieu Dumergue
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - N G Harshitha
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Sergei Kühn
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit, Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miltcho B Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Demidovich
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Raimondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Primož Rebernik Ribič
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14, km 163.5, in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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3
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Fushitani M, Toida Y, Légaré F, Hishikawa A. Probing Rydberg-Rydberg interactions in N 2 by ultrafast EUV-NIR photoelectron spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19702-19711. [PMID: 31503726 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast dynamics of molecular nitrogen (N2) just below the ionization threshold has been investigated by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using a single harmonic centered at hν = 15.38 eV. The evolution of the Rydberg wavepacket launched by the ultrashort EUV pulse is probed by a time-delayed femtosecond NIR laser pulse. The observed photoelectron spectra show two series of vibrational peaks to the ground X2Σg+ state and the first excited A2Πu state of N2+. Among these, two photoelectron peaks with the vibrational quantum numbers vX+ = 4 and vA+ = 1 exhibit clear anti-phase oscillation with a period of 300 fs, showing that two Rydberg states converging to the X2Σg+ and A2Πu ionic states interact with each other, thus causing periodic switching in the population of the ion core states.
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4
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Sen A, Pratt ST. Double-resonance studies of electronically autoionizing states of molecular nitrogen. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1544672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Sen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - S. T. Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
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5
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Fushitani M, Hishikawa A. Single-order laser high harmonics in XUV for ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy of molecular wavepacket dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:062602. [PMID: 27795976 PMCID: PMC5065577 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present applications of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) single-order laser harmonics to gas-phase ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy. Ultrashort XUV pulses at 80 nm are obtained as the 5th order harmonics of the fundamental laser at 400 nm by using Xe or Kr as the nonlinear medium and separated from other harmonic orders by using an indium foil. The single-order laser harmonics is applied for real-time probing of vibrational wavepacket dynamics of I2 molecules in the bound and dissociating low-lying electronic states and electronic-vibrational wavepacket dynamics of highly excited Rydberg N2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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6
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Warrick ER, Cao W, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Probing the Dynamics of Rydberg and Valence States of Molecular Nitrogen with Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3165-74. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika R. Warrick
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wei Cao
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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7
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Xu LQ, Liu YW, Kang X, Ni DD, Yang K, Hiraoka N, Tsuei KD, Zhu LF. The realization of the dipole (γ, γ) method and its application to determine the absolute optical oscillator strengths of helium. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18350. [PMID: 26678298 PMCID: PMC4683586 DOI: 10.1038/srep18350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The dipole (γ, γ) method, which is the inelastic x-ray scattering operated at a negligibly small momentum transfer, is proposed and realized to determine the absolute optical oscillator strengths of the vanlence-shell excitations of atoms and molecules. Compared with the conventionally used photoabsorption method, this new method is free from the line saturation effect, which can seriously limit the accuracies of the measured photoabsorption cross sections for discrete transitions with narrow natural linewidths. Furthermore, the Bethe-Born conversion factor of the dipole (γ, γ) method varies much more slowly with the excitation energy than does that of the dipole (e, e) method. Absolute optical oscillator strengths for the excitations of 1s2 → 1 snp(n = 3 − 7) of atomic helium have been determined using the high-resolution dipole (γ, γ) method, and the excellent agreement of the present measurements with both those measured by the dipole (e, e) method and the previous theoretical calculations indicates that the dipole (γ, γ) method is a powerful tool to measure the absolute optical oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations of atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Quan Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Wei Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Kang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Ni
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Nozomu Hiraoka
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ku-Ding Tsuei
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lin-Fan Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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8
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Massive isotopic effect in vacuum UV photodissociation of N2 and implications for meteorite data. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14704-9. [PMID: 25267643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410440111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen isotopic distributions in the solar system extend across an enormous range, from -400‰, in the solar wind and Jovian atmosphere, to about 5,000‰ in organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites. Distributions such as these require complex processing of nitrogen reservoirs and extraordinary isotope effects. While theoretical models invoke ion-neutral exchange reactions outside the protoplanetary disk and photochemical self-shielding on the disk surface to explain the variations, there are no experiments to substantiate these models. Experimental results of N2 photolysis at vacuum UV wavelengths in the presence of hydrogen are presented here, which show a wide range of enriched δ(15)N values from 648‰ to 13,412‰ in product NH3, depending upon photodissociation wavelength. The measured enrichment range in photodissociation of N2, plausibly explains the range of δ(15)N in extraterrestrial materials. This study suggests the importance of photochemical processing of the nitrogen reservoirs within the solar nebula.
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9
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Thiemens MH, Chakraborty S, Dominguez G. The Physical Chemistry of Mass-Independent Isotope Effects and Their Observation in Nature. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2012; 63:155-77. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032511-143657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the physical chemistry of isotope effects and precise measurements in samples from nature have provided information on processes that could not have been obtained otherwise. With the discovery of a mass-independent isotopic fractionation during the formation of ozone, a new physical chemical basis for isotope effects required development. Combined theoretical and experimental developments have broadened this understanding and extended the range of chemical systems where these unique effects occur. Simultaneously, the application of mass-independent isotopic measurements to an extensive range of both terrestrial and extraterrestrial systems has furthered the understanding of events such as solar system origin and evolution and planetary atmospheric chemistry, present and past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Thiemens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093;,
| | - Subrata Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093;,
| | - Gerardo Dominguez
- Department of Physics, California State University, San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096
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10
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O'Keeffe P, Bolognesi P, Moise A, Richter R, Ovcharenko Y, Avaldi L. Vibrationally resolved photoionization of N2 near threshold. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:104307. [PMID: 22423838 DOI: 10.1063/1.3692687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A recently developed velocity map imaging spectrometer has been used to study the photoionization of molecular nitrogen near threshold. The potentialities of the spectrometer have been exploited to measure simultaneously the energy and angular distribution of the photoelectrons corresponding to the residual N(2)(+) X(2)Σ(g) v = 0-3 ion states. In a single experiment all the experimental observables, i.e., the total and partial cross sections, their branching ratios and the asymmetry parameter of the angular distributions have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- P O'Keeffe
- CNR-Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, Italy.
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