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Mukherjee S, Gupta S, Ganorkar K, Kumar A, Ghosh SK. Entrapment in micellar assemblies switches the excimer population of potential therapeutic luminophore azapodophyllotoxin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117723. [PMID: 31748162 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Azapodophyllotoxin is a new class of anti-tumor agent with brilliant therapeutic activity and understanding its physicochemical nature in bio-mimetic microenvironments may provide substantial importance in context of its intercellular localization, efficacy as well as delivery. The present work epitomizes environment-sensitive fluorescence modulation of a prodigy, 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-10-phenyl-3,4,6,7,8,10- hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[g]furo[3,4-b]quinoline-1-one (HPFQ) from the class of anti-cancer agent Azapodophyllotoxin, in differently charged model bio-mimetic micellar microenvironment of cationic CTAB, anionic SDS and neutral Triton X-100 using UV-visible absorption, steady state fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy studies. As a distinct phenomenon, anticancer HPFQ exhibits prolific fluorescence in solvents of varying polarity, originating from a mixed contribution of locally excited, charge transfer and excimer emission. A dramatic modulation in the photophysics of HPFQ has been observed in two types of surfactant consortiums: pre-micellar and post-micellar at physiological and anoxic pH. On photo-excitation, anti-cancer HPFQ exists in monomer-excimer equilibrium with varying ratios in different polarity regions. The marked enhancement in fluorescence intensity of HPFQ in post-micellar region of the surfactant under study probably arises due to regeneration of the monomer from its excimer. This reoccurrence reduces the possibility of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from monomer to excimer, which essentially increases the desired emission intensity. Localization of HPFQ in micellar systems highly depends on polarity gradient inside the micelle, electrostatic, hydrophobic and intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. Further corroboration with the polarity sensitive experiments in dioxane-water mixture indicates towards spatial localization of the probe molecule in the stern layer of cationic CTAB, sheer surface of neutral TX100 and outer Gouy-Chapman layer in anionic SDS micelles. A molecular binary logic gate correlates the dominance of micellization over the polarity factor, which enhances the fluorescence response of HPFQ. The enhancement of the emissive potential of anti-cancer HPFQ in biomimetic environments by switching its excimer population may have an immense importance to achieve the status of a dual therapeutic and imaging agent altogether in progressive biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Smruti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Kapil Ganorkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- School of Science, Technology and Environment, Universidad Ana G. Mendez-Cupey Campus, San Juan, PR, USA, 00926
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440010, India.
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Jadhao M, Joshi R, Ganorkar K, Ghosh SK. Biomimetic systems trigger a benzothiazole based molecular switch to 'turn on' fluorescence. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 217:197-205. [PMID: 30939366 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches are valuable tools for the detection of many chemical and biological processes. On the other hand, Schiff bases are known for their simplicity in synthesis and their enormous biochemical applications. In this scenario, when a strategically designed Schiff base acts as a molecular switch in biomimetic environments drags inevitable attention. In this article, we hereby demonstrate an interesting behavior of a strategically designed bioactive benzothiazole based Schiff base (E)-2-(((6-chlorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-5-diethylamino) phenol (CBMDP) whose fluorescence characteristics dramatically modulate as consequence of its structural modification in aqueous and biomimetic environments individually. Electronic absorption, steady state and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques along with DFT based quantum chemical calculation evidence that in pure organic solvents CBMDP exists in highly fluorescent enol-imine (N) form which transform into feebly fluorescent hydrated species (H) in bulk aqueous media. Contrariwise, on interaction with the ionic and non-ionic micellar media or with liposome, a structural restoration occurs from less fluorescent hydrated (H) species into a highly fluorescent normal (N) one. This molecular flipping of the title compound upon micellar compartmentalization is possibly caused by the micropolarity of the local environment and further supported by its spectral behavior in different polarity gradient solvent mixture of water-dioxane (protic-aprotic) and water-methanol (protic -protic). Usually, Schiff bases are prone to hydrolysis in aqueous media, interestingly, the structural framework of this strategically designed molecule only allow the first step of hydrolysis, which is hydration of azomethine linkage whereas it withstand the second step, and that possibly helps the structural restoration process. Hence the article described herein may emphasize how a systematically designed Schiff base framework can be used as 'turn off- turn on' fluorescent molecular switch which may be extremely useful for its applications in the area of biochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Jadhao
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India; Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India
| | - Ritika Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India; Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra 431203, India
| | - Kapil Ganorkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440010, India.
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Kundu K, Singh AP, Panda S, Singh V, Gardas RL, Senapati S. Study on the Conformation of Entrapped Protein inside the Reverse Micellar Confinement Based on the Amino Acid Derived Ionic Liquid. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Kundu
- Department of Biotechnology; Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Akhil Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology; Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Somenath Panda
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Ramesh L. Gardas
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department of Biotechnology; Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
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Sett R, Sen S, Paul BK, Guchhait N. How Does Nanoconfinement within a Reverse Micelle Influence the Interaction of Phenazinium-Based Photosensitizers with DNA? ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1374-1385. [PMID: 31458466 PMCID: PMC6641382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The major focus of the present work lies in exploring the influence of nanoconfinement within aerosol-OT (AOT) reverse micelles on the binding interaction of two phenazinium-based photosensitizers, namely, phenosafranin (PSF) and safranin-O (SO), with the DNA duplex. Circular dichroism and dynamic light-scattering studies reveal the condensation of DNA within the reverse micellar interior (transformation of the B-form of native DNA to ψ-form). Our results unveil a remarkable effect of the degree of hydration of the reverse micellar core on the stability of the stacking interaction (intercalation) of the drugs (PSF and SO) into DNA; increasing size of the water nanopool (that is, w 0) accompanies decreasing curvature of the DNA duplex structure with the consequent effect of increasing stabilization of the drug:DNA intercalation. The marked differences in the dynamical aspects of the interaction scenario following encapsulation within the reverse micellar core and the subsequent dependence on the size of the water nanopool are also meticulously explored. The differential degrees of steric interactions offered by the drug molecules (presence of methyl substitutions on the planar phenazinium ring in SO) are also found to affect the extent of intercalation of the drugs to DNA. In this context, it is imperative to state that the water pool of the reverse micellar core is often argued to approach bulk-like properties of water with increasing micellar size (typically w 0 ≥ 10), so that deviation from the bulk water properties is likely to be minimized in large reverse micelles (w 0 ≥ 10). On the contrary, our results (particularly quantitative elucidation of micropolarity and dynamical aspects of the interaction) explicitly demonstrate that the bulk-like behavior of the nanoconfined water is not truly achieved even in large reverse micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Sett
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Swagata Sen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Bijan K. Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, Mahadevananda Mahavidyalaya, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700120, India
| | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 A. P. C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
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Panda S, Kundu K, Singh AP, Senapati S, Gardas RL. Understanding Differential Interaction of Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids inside Molecular Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9676-9687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Panda
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kaushik Kundu
- Department
of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Akhil Pratap Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sanjib Senapati
- Department
of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ramesh L. Gardas
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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Singha D, Sahu DK, Sahu K. Coupling of Molecular Transition with the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Silver Nanoparticles inside the Restricted Environment of Reverse Micelles. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5494-5503. [PMID: 31457818 PMCID: PMC6644470 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of molecular transitions of two fluorophores-fluorescein (FL) and safranin O (SAF)-with the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) inside a water/sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (AOT)/n-heptane reverse micelle (RM) has been studied using ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. Here, we exploit the natural capacity of a RM to act simultaneously as a template for nanoparticle formation and host the fluorophores. The fluorophores and reducing agent were loaded together into the water pool; thereafter, silver salt was added, and subsequently, spectral modification and size evolution were monitored by steady-state and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. In the FL-AgNP composite, the SPR band of AgNPs undergoes a strong red shift. Moreover, significant modifications of both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of FL were found when AgNPs formed inside the RM core. On the contrary, in the SAF-AgNP composite, no such effect was noticed, and the composite system retains the original optical characteristics of their constituents (i.e., both the position of molecular transitions and SPR maximum remain unchanged). This differential effect has been rationalized by the dissimilar plasmon-fluorophore coupling in the two systems, controlled by a combination of spatial distribution and spectral detuning of the molecular absorption maxima of the dyes (455 and 530 nm for FL and SAF, respectively) from the SPR band maximum (∼400 nm) of AgNPs.
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Relocation of a biological photosensitizer from non-ionic micellar carrier to DNA: A multispectroscopic investigation. Biophys Chem 2016; 219:75-81. [PMID: 27794262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Relocation of a bioactive photosensitizer, namely phenosafranin (PSF), from the phenazinium family, has been demonstrated from non-ionic micellar carrier to the DNA. For the purpose, interaction of micelle-bound PSF with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) has been investigated vividly exploiting various spectroscopic techniques like absorption, steady state and time resolved emission, fluorescence anisotropy, circular dichroism etc. Experimental outcomes reveal that PSF binds strongly with both the micelle as well as the DNA. In the presence of DNA, however, relocation of the micelle-carried PSF occurs from the micelle to the DNA. Competitive binding of the probe between micelle and the DNA is assigned responsible for this relocation. Circular dichroism spectral measurements reflect that the DNA conformation remains intact in the presence of the micelle advocating that the non-ionic micelles can safely be used for the drug delivery purpose. The work is expected to encourage development of newer carriers for DNA targeted drug delivery.
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Jadhao M, Ahirkar P, Kumar H, Joshi R, Meitei OR, Ghosh SK. Surfactant induced aggregation–disaggregation of photodynamic active chlorin e6 and its relevant interaction with DNA alkylating quinone in a biomimic micellar microenvironment. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16181a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ce6 undergoes enormous aggregation in the PMC of different surfactants which subsequently disaggregated after CMC and shows dynamic interaction with alkylating quinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manojkumar Jadhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Piyush Ahirkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Himank Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Ritika Joshi
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Oinam Romesh Meitei
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
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Sierant M, Kazmierski S, Rozanski A, Paluch P, Bienias U, Miksa BJ. Nanocapsules for 5-fluorouracil delivery decorated with a poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate-co-7-(4-trifluoromethyl)coumarin acrylamide) cross-linked wall. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj02053g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanocapsules with reverse cross-linked polymer walls containing coumarin moieties are capable of encapsulating 5-fluorouracil and accomplishing a comprehensive strategy in a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sierant
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - S. Kazmierski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - A. Rozanski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - P. Paluch
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - U. Bienias
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
| | - B. J. Miksa
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Science
- 90-363 Lodz
- Poland
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Sarkar A, Kedia N, Purkayastha P, Bagchi S. UV–Vis spectral investigation of photophysical properties of a solvatochromic electron donor/acceptor dye within a reverse micelle domain. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Thakur R, Das A, Chakraborty A. Fate of anticancer drug ellipticine in reverse micelles in aqueous and methanolic environment: A photophysical approach. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Locations of methanol in methanol-containing AOT reverse micelles revealed by photophysics of IR125. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Porcal GV, Arbeloa EM, Orallo DE, Bertolotti SG, Previtali CM. Photophysics of safranine-O and phenosafranine in reverse micelles of BHDC. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Porcal GV, Chesta CA, Biasutti MA, Bertolotti SG, Previtali CM. Quenching of the triplet state of Safranine-O by aliphatic amines in AOT reverse micelles studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 11:302-8. [PMID: 22105094 DOI: 10.1039/c1pp05252g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of Safranine-O (3,6-diamino-2,7-dimethyl-5 phenyl phenazinium chloride) (SfH(+)Cl(-)) was investigated in reverse micelles (RMs) of AOT (sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate) with special emphasis on the triplet state processes. The triplet is formed in its monoprotonated form, independently of the pH of the water used to prepare the RMs. While the intersystem crossing quantum yields in RMs are similar to those in organic solvents, the triplet lifetime is much longer. Since the pH in the water pool of AOT RMs is close to 5 and the triplet state of the dye is subjected to proton quenching, the long lifetime indicates that the dye resides in a region where it cannot be reached by protons during its lifetime. All the measurements indicate that the dye is localized in the interface, sensing a medium of micropolarity similar to EtOH : water (3:1) mixtures. The quenching by aliphatic amines was also investigated. While the quenching by the hydrophobic tributylamine is similar to that in methanol, the hydro-soluble triethanolamine is one order of magnitude more effective in RMs than in homogeneous solution. In the latter case the quenching process is interpreted by a very fast intramicellar quenching, the overall kinetics being controlled by the exchange of amine molecules between RMs. Semireduced dye is formed in the quenching process in RMs in the di-protonated state with a comparable quantum yield to the monoprotonated state formed in homogeneous solvents. The results point to the advantage of the reverse micellar system for the generation of active radicals for the initiation of vinyl polymerization, since a much lower concentration of amine can be employed with similar quantum yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela V Porcal
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, 5800, Río Cuarto, Argentina
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Zhu R, Lu R, Yu A. Photophysics and locations of IR125 and C152 in AOT reverse micelles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20844-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21946d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ferreira JAB, Costa SMB. Electronic Excited-State Behavior of Rhodamine 3B in AOT Reverse Micelles Sensing Contact Ion Pair to Solvent Separated Ion Pair Interconversion. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:10417-26. [DOI: 10.1021/jp100571t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José A. B. Ferreira
- Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo Interdisciplinar, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M. B. Costa
- Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo Interdisciplinar, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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