1
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Harb H, Hratchian HP. A Density Functional Theory Investigation of the Reaction of Water with Ce2O-. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Huizenga C, Hratchian HP, Jarrold CC. Lanthanide Oxides: From Diatomics to High-Spin, Strongly Correlated Homo- and Heterometallic Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:6315-6331. [PMID: 34265204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small lanthanide (Ln) oxide clusters present both experimental and theoretical challenges because of their partially filled, core-like 4f n orbitals, a feature that results in a plethora of close-lying and fundamentally similar electronic states. These clusters provide a bottom-up approach toward understanding the electronic structure of defective or doped bulk material but also can offer a challenge to the theorists to find a method robust enough to capture electronic structure patterns that emerge from within the 4f n (0 < n < 14) series. In this Feature Article, we explore the electronic structures of small lanthanide oxide clusters that deviate from bulk stoichiometry using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and supporting density functional theory calculations. We will describe the evolution of electronic structure with oxidation and how LnxOy- cluster reactivities can be correlated with specific Ln-local orbital occupancies. These strongly correlated systems offer additional insights into how interactions between electrons and electronically complex neutrals can lead to detachment transitions that lie outside of the sudden one-electron detachment approximation generally assumed in anion photoelectron spectroscopy. With a better understanding of how we can control nominally forbidden transitions to sample an array of spin states, we suggest that more in-depth studies on the magnetic states of these systems can be explored. Extending these studies to other Ln-based materials with hidden magnetic phases, along with sequentially ligated single molecule magnets, could advance current understanding of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Huizenga
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Hrant P Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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3
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McMahon AJ, Jarrold CC. Using anion photoelectron spectroscopy of cluster models to gain insights into mechanisms of catalyst-mediated H 2 production from water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27936-27948. [PMID: 33201956 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide cluster models of catalyst materials offer a powerful platform for probing the molecular-scale features and interactions that govern catalysis. This perspective gives an overview of studies implementing the combination of anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations toward exploring cluster models of metal oxides and metal-oxide supported Pt that catalytically drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or the water-gas shift reaction. The utility in the combination of these experimental and computational techniques lies in our ability to unambiguously determine electronic and molecular structures, which can then connect to results of reactivity studies. In particular, we focus on the activity of oxygen vacancies modeled by suboxide clusters, the critical mechanistic step of forming proximal metal hydride and hydroxide groups as a prerequisite for H2 production, and the structural features that lead to trapped dihydroxide groups. The pronounced asymmetric oxidation found in heterometallic group 6 oxides and near-neighbor group 5/group 6 results in higher activity toward water, while group 7/group 6 oxides form very specific stoichiometries that suggest facile regeneration. Studies on the trans-periodic combination of cerium oxide and platinum as a model for ceria supported Pt atoms and nanoparticles reveal striking negative charge accumulation by Pt, which, combined with the ionic conductivity of ceria, suggests a mechanism for the exceptionally high activity of this system towards the water-gas shift reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey J McMahon
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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4
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Mason JL, Gupta AK, McMahon AJ, Folluo CN, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. The striking influence of oxophilicity differences in heterometallic Mo–Mn oxide cluster reactions with water. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:054301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5142398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett L. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Ankur K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Abbey J. McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Carley N. Folluo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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5
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Gupta AK, Topolski JE, Nickson KA, Jarrold CC, Raghavachari K. Mo Insertion into the H2 Bond in MoxSy– + H2 Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7261-7269. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kathleen A. Nickson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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6
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Schaugaard RN, Topolski JE, Ray M, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Insight into ethylene interactions with molybdenum suboxide cluster anions from photoelectron spectra of chemifragments. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:054308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5008264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Schaugaard
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Josey E. Topolski
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Manisha Ray
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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7
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Ray M, Schaugaard RN, Topolski JE, Kafader JO, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Molybdenum Oxide Cluster Anion Reactions with C2H4 and H2O: Cooperativity and Chemifragmentation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:41-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Richard N. Schaugaard
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared O. Kafader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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8
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Kumar CA, Saha A, Raghavachari K. Bond Activation and Hydrogen Evolution from Water through Reactions with M 3S 4 (M = Mo, W) and W 3S 3 Anionic Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1760-1767. [PMID: 28212031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal sulfides (TMS) are being investigated with increased frequency because of their ability to efficiently catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction. We have studied the trimetallic TMS cluster ions, Mo3S4-, W3S4-, and W3S3-, and probed their efficiency for bond activation and hydrogen evolution from water. These clusters have geometries that are related to the edge sites on bulk MoS2 surfaces that are known to play a role in hydrogen evolution. Using density functional theory, the electronic structures of these clusters and their chemical reactivity with water have been investigated. The reaction mechanism involves the initial formation of hydroxyl and thiol groups, hydrogen migration to form an intermediate with a metal hydride bond, and finally, combination of a hydride and a proton to eliminate H2. Using this mechanism, free energy profiles of the reactions of the three metal clusters with water have been constructed. Unlike previous reactivity studies of other related cluster systems, there is no overall energy barrier in the reactions involving the M3S4 systems. The energy required for the rate-determining step of the reaction (the initial addition of the cluster by water) is lower than the separated reactants (-0.8 kcal/mol for Mo and -5.1 kcal/mol for W). They confirm the M3S4- cluster's ability to efficiently activate the chemical bonds in water to release H2. Though the W3S3- cluster is not as efficient at bond activation, it provides insights into the factors that contribute to the success of the M3S4 anionic systems in hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine A Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Seelaboyina R. Tungsten oxide nanowire synthesis from amorphous-like tungsten films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:112502. [PMID: 26871521 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/11/112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthesis technique which can lead to direct integration of tungsten oxide nanowires onto silicon chips is essential for preparing various devices. The conversion of amorphous tungsten films deposited on silicon chips by pulsed layer deposition to nanowires by annealing is an apt method in that direction. This perspective discusses the ingenious features of the technique reported by Dellasega et al on the various aspects of tungsten oxide nanowire synthesis.
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10
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Ray M, Waller SE, Jarrold CC. Effect of Alkyl Group on MxOy(-) + ROH (M = Mo, W; R = Me, Et) Reaction Rates. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1508-19. [PMID: 26878402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A systematic comparison of MxOy(-) + ROH (M = Mo vs W; R = Me vs Et) reaction rate coefficients and product distributions combined with results of calculations on weakly bound MxOy(-)·ROH complexes suggest that the overall reaction mechanism has three distinct steps, consistent with recently reported results on analogous MxOy(-) + H2O reactivity studies. MxOy(-) + ROH → MxOy+1(-) + RH oxidation reactions are observed for the least oxidized clusters, and MxOy(-) + ROH → MxOyROH(-) addition reactions are observed for clusters in intermediate oxidation states, as observed previously in MxOy(-) + H2O reactions. The first step is weakly bound complex formation, the rate of which is governed by the relative stability of the MxOy(-)·ROH charge-dipole complexes and the Lewis acid-base complexes. Calculations predict that MoxOy(-) clusters form more stable Lewis acid-base complexes than WxOy(-), and the stability of EtOH complexes is enhanced relative to MeOH. Consistent with this result, MoxOy(-) + ROH rate coefficients are higher than analogous WxOy(-) clusters. Rate coefficients range from 2.7 × 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1) for W3O8(-) + MeOH to 3.4 × 10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) for Mo2O4(-) + EtOH. Second, a covalently bound complex is formed, and anion photoelectron spectra of the several MxOyROH(-) addition products observed are consistent with hydroxyl-alkoxy structures that are formed readily from the Lewis acid-base complexes. Calculations indicate that addition products are trapped intermediates in the MxOy(-) + ROH → MxOy+1(-) + RH reaction, and the third step is rearrangement of the hydroxyl group to a metal hydride group to facilitate RH release. Trapped intermediates are more prevalent in MoxOy(-) reaction product distributions, indicating that the rate of this step is higher for WxOy+1RH(-) than for MoxOy+1RH(-). This result is consistent with previous computational studies on analogous MxOy(-) + H2O reactions predicting that barriers along the pathway in the rearrangement step are higher for MoxOy(-) reactions than for WxOy(-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah E Waller
- Department of Chemistry, SUNY Stony Brook , Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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11
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Kafader JO, Ray M, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Role of weakly bound complexes in temperature-dependence and relative rates of MxOy− + H2O (M = Mo, W) reactions. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:074307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jared O. Kafader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Ave., Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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12
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Ray M, Saha A, Raghavachari K. Hydrogen evolution from water using Mo–oxide clusters in the gas phase: DFT modeling of a complete catalytic cycle using a Mo2O4−/Mo2O5− cluster couple. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:25687-25692. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04259g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen evolution from water using sacrificial reagents and Mo–oxide cluster anions has been explored. The internal energy preservation within the clusters plays a key role in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- Bloomington
- USA
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13
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Zhao YX, Liu QY, Zhang MQ, He SG. Reactions of metal cluster anions with inorganic and organic molecules in the gas phase. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11471-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Progress on the activation and transformation of important inorganic and organic molecules by negatively charged bare metal clusters as well as ligated systems with oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Qing-Yu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Mei-Qi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
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14
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Adhikari D, Raghavachari K. Hydroxyl migration in heterotrimetallic clusters: an assessment of fluxionality pathways. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11047-55. [PMID: 25345598 DOI: 10.1021/jp5080835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water splitting at the unsaturated metal center and subsequent hydroxyl migration are key steps toward successful H2 liberation from cheap and abundant water using transition metal cluster anions. In this report we initiate a theoretical study (DFT) to assess the efficacy of heterometallic cores instead of the widely studied and well established homometallic cores. To accomplish this goal, one tungsten center in W3O6(-) core has been replaced by different transition metals such as titanium, technetium, and osmium. Introduction of the heterometal makes the core asymmetric and electronically anisotropic. To evaluate the efficiency of these heterometallic cores, fluxionality pathways for hydroxyl migration have been studied in detail. We show that the cores W2TcO6(-) (2) and W2OsO6(-) (3) can exhibit fluxionality for hydroxyl migration and thus can potentially facilitate H2 liberation from H2O. Notably, a new class of low-energy structures generated upon oxide bridge opening process and subsequent structural rearrangement facilitates the hydroxyl migration event. To illustrate the heterometallic effect further, we show that previously inaccessible energy barriers for hydroxyl migration in a homometallic trimolybdenum core become energetically achievable when one of the metals is replaced by a 5d element osmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Catalysis for Energy Processes, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Felton JA, Ray M, Waller SE, Kafader JO, Jarrold CC. CexOy– (x = 2–3) + D2O Reactions: Stoichiometric Cluster Formation from Deuteroxide Decomposition and Anti-Arrhenius Behavior. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9960-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507900d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A. Felton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah E. Waller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared O. Kafader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East
Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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16
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Koocher NZ, Martirez JMP, Rappe AM. Theoretical Model of Oxidative Adsorption of Water on a Highly Reduced Reconstructed Oxide Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3408-3414. [PMID: 26278454 DOI: 10.1021/jz501635f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Highly reduced surface reconstructions of BaTiO3 (001) have been found to be composed of a TiO2 surface covered with Ti adatoms occupying surface interstitial sites. We predict the reactivity of these highly oxophilic and reduced surface Ti species through density functional theory, where we calculate the adsorption of H2O on the (√5 × √5)R26.6° TiO2-Ti3/5 reconstruction. H2O serves as the primary O source and oxidizing agent. We demonstrate that H2O oxidizes some of the Ti adatoms, shifting their occupied 3d states to the surface conduction band edge. We find that, due to the high concentration of reduced Ti species on the surface, a dissociative adsorption of water on the reconstructed surface can also lead to the formation of surface hydrides, which serve as a precursor for H2 evolution. This suggests that the reconstructed surface may be an attractive single-phase hydrogen evolution catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Z Koocher
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 United States
| | - John Mark P Martirez
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 United States
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323 United States
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17
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Ray M, Waller SE, Saha A, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Comparative study of water reactivity with Mo2Oy− and W2Oy− clusters: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:104310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4894760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Sarah E. Waller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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18
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Saha A, Raghavachari K. Electronic structures and water reactivity of mixed metal sulfide cluster anions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4892671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Saha A, Raghavachari K. Hydrogen evolution from water through metal sulfide reactions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:204301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4830096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Ramabhadran RO, Mann JE, Waller SE, Rothgeb DW, Jarrold CC, Raghavachari K. New Insights on Photocatalytic H2 Liberation from Water Using Transition-Metal Oxides: Lessons from Cluster Models of Molybdenum and Tungsten Oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:17039-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja4076309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer E. Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sarah E. Waller
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - David W. Rothgeb
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline C. Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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21
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Lin SJ, Zhang XH, Xu L, Wang B, Zhang YF, Huang X. Probing the electronic properties of W3O(x)(-/0) (x = 0-2) and W3(2-) clusters: the aromaticity of W3 and W3(2-). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3093-9. [PMID: 23496349 DOI: 10.1021/jp400673s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to investigate the structural and electronic properties of bare tritungsten clusters (W3, W3(-), W3(2-)) and tritungsten oxide clusters W3Ox(-/0) (x = 1, 2). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES) for W3Ox(-) (x = 0-2) clusters. Extensive DFT calculations are performed in search of the lowest energy structures for both the anions and the neutrals. The bare tritungsten clusters are predicted to be triangular structures with D3h ((3)A1'), C2v ((2)A1) and D3h ((1)A1') symmetry for W3, W3(-) and W3(2-), respectively. For W3O(-) and W3O clusters, the oxygen atom occupies the terminal site, while the next added oxygen atom is found to be a bridging one in both W3O2(-) and W3O2 clusters. Molecular orbital analyses are carried out to elucidate the chemical bonding of these clusters and provide insights into the sequential oxidation from W3(-) to W3O2(-). Partial σ- and δ-aromaticity are revealed in the neutral W3 (D3h, (3)A1'), while the anion W3(2-) (D3h, (1)A1') possesses only δ-aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, PR China
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22
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Xu HG, Li XN, Kong XY, He SG, Zheng WJ. Interaction of TiO+ with water: infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17126-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Ma JB, Zhao YX, He SG, Ding XL. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Reactions between Vanadium Oxide Cluster Cations and Water. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:2049-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jp300279u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bi Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural
Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R.
China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural
Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural
Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural
Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R.
China
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Li XN, Xu B, Ding XL, He SG. Interaction of vanadium oxide cluster anions with water: an experimental and theoretical study on reactivity and mechanism. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:5562-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12174c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rothgeb DW, Mann JE, Waller SE, Jarrold CC. Structures of trimetallic molybdenum and tungsten suboxide cluster anions. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:104312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3635408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mann JE, Waller SE, Rothgeb DW, Chick Jarrold C. Study of Nb2Oy (y = 2–5) anion and neutral clusters using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:104317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3634011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mayhall NJ, Becher EL, Chowdhury A, Raghavachari K. Molybdenum oxides versus molybdenum sulfides: geometric and electronic structures of Mo₃X(y)⁻ (X = O, S and y = 6, 9) clusters. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2291-6. [PMID: 21366356 DOI: 10.1021/jp108344k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have conducted a comparative computational investigation of the molecular structure and water adsorption properties of molybdenum oxide and sulfide clusters using density functional theory methods. We have found that while Mo₃O₆⁻ and Mo₃S₆⁻ assume very similar ring-type isomers, Mo₃O₉⁻ and Mo₃S₉⁻ clusters are very different with Mo₃O₉⁻ having a ring-type structure and Mo₃S₉⁻ having a more open, linear-type geometry. The more rigid ∠(Mo-S-Mo) bond angle is the primary geometric property responsible for producing such different lowest energy isomers. By computing molecular complexation energies, it is observed that water is found to adsorb more strongly to Mo₃O₆⁻ than to Mo₃S₆⁻, due to a stronger oxide-water hydrogen bond, although dispersion effects reduce this difference when molybdenum centers contribute to the binding. Investigating the energetics of dissociative water addition to Mo₃X₆⁻ clusters, we find that, while the oxide cluster shows kinetic site-selectivity (bridging position vs terminal position), the sulfide cluster exhibits thermodynamic site-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mayhall
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Hossain E, Rothgeb DW, Jarrold CC. CO2 reduction by group 6 transition metal suboxide cluster anions. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:024305. [PMID: 20632753 DOI: 10.1063/1.3455220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions between small group 6 transition metal suboxide clusters, M(x)O(y)(-) (M = (98)Mo or (186)W; x = 1-4; y < or = 3x) and both CO(2) and CO were studied in gas phase using mass spectrometric analysis of high-pressure, fast flow reaction products. Both Mo(2)O(y)(-) and W(2)O(y)(-) show evidence of sequential oxidation by CO(2) of the form, M(2)O(y)(-)+CO(2)-->M(2)O(y+1)(-)+CO for the more reduced species. Similar evidence is observed for the trimetallic clusters, although Mo(3)O(6)(-) appears uniquely unreactive. Lower mass resolution in the M(4)O(y)(-) range precludes definitive product mass assignments, but intensity patterns suggest the continued trend of sequential oxidation of the more reduced end of the M(4)O(y)(-) oxide series. Based on thermodynamic arguments, cluster oxidation by CO(2) is possible if D(0)(O-Mo(x)O(y)(-)) > 5.45 eV. Although simple bond energy analysis suggests that tungsten oxides may be more reactive toward CO(2) compared to molybdenum oxides, this is not born out experimentally, suggesting that the activation barrier for the reduction of CO(2) by tungsten suboxide clusters is very high compared to analogous molybdenum suboxide clusters. In reactions with CO, suboxides of both metal-based oxides show CO addition, with the product distribution being more diverse for Mo(x)O(y)(-) than for W(x)O(y)(-). No evidence of cluster reduction by CO is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Rothgeb DW, Mann JE, Jarrold CC. H2 production from reactions between water and small molybdenum suboxide cluster anions. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:054305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3463413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Reber AC, Khanna SN, Roach PJ, Woodward WH, Castleman AW. Reactivity of Aluminum Cluster Anions with Water: Origins of Reactivity and Mechanisms for H2 Release. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:6071-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp911136s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rothgeb DW, Hossain E, Mann JE, Jarrold CC. Disparate product distributions observed in Mo(3−x)WxOy− (x=0–3; y=3–9) reactions with D2O and CO2. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:064302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3313927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rothgeb DW, Hossain E, Mayhall NJ, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Termination of the W2Oy−+H2O/D2O→W2Oy+1−+H2/D2 sequential oxidation reaction: An exploration of kinetic versus thermodynamic effects. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:144306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3246833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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