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Lykhin AO, Baumgarten MKA, Truhlar DG, Gagliardi L. Dipole Moments and Transition Dipole Moments Calculated by Pair-Density Functional Theory with State Interaction. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4194-4205. [PMID: 37130157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We develop response-function algorithms for dipole moments and transition dipole moments for compressed multistate pair-density functional theory (CMS-PDFT). We use the method of undetermined Lagrange multipliers to derive analytical expressions and validate them using numerical differentiation. We test the accuracy of the magnitudes of predicted ground-state and excited-state dipole moments, the orientations of these dipole moments, and the orientation of transition dipole moments by comparison to experimental data. We show that CMS-PDFT has good accuracy for these quantities, and we also show that, unlike methods that neglect state interaction, CMS-PDFT yields correct behavior for the dipole moment curves in the vicinity of conical intersections. This work, therefore, opens the door to molecular dynamic simulations in strong electric fields, and we envision that CMS-PDFT can now be used to discover chemical reactions that can be controlled by an oriented external electric field upon photoexcitation of the reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr O Lykhin
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | | | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The James Franck Institute and Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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2
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Tan S, Dai Y, Zhang S, Liu L, Zhao J, Petek H. Coherent Electron Transfer at the Ag/Graphite Heterojunction Interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:126801. [PMID: 29694071 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer in transduction of light to electrical or chemical energy at heterojunctions of metals with semiconductors or semimetals is believed to occur by photogenerated hot electrons in metal undergoing incoherent internal photoemission through the heterojunction interface. Charge transfer, however, can also occur coherently by dipole coupling of electronic bands at the heterojunction interface. Microscopic physical insights into how transfer occurs can be elucidated by following the coherent polarization of the donor and acceptor states on the time scale of electronic dephasing. By time-resolved multiphoton photoemission spectroscopy (MPP), we investigate the coherent electron transfer from an interface state that forms upon chemisorption of Ag nanoclusters onto graphite to a σ symmetry interlayer band of graphite. Multidimensional MPP spectroscopy reveals a resonant two-photon transition, which dephases within 10 fs completing the coherent transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Liming Liu
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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Novak J, Prlj A, Basarić N, Corminboeuf C, Došlić N. Photochemistry of 1- and 2-Naphthols and Their Water Clusters: The Role of1ππ*(La) Mediated Hydrogen Transfer to Carbon Atoms. Chemistry 2017; 23:8244-8251. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurica Novak
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Antonio Prlj
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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4
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Becucci M, Melandri S. High-Resolution Spectroscopic Studies of Complexes Formed by Medium-Size Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5014-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Becucci
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and European Laboratory for
Nonlinear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sonia Melandri
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Psciuk BT, Prémont-Schwarz M, Koeppe B, Keinan S, Xiao D, Nibbering ETJ, Batista VS. Correlating Photoacidity to Hydrogen-Bond Structure by Using the Local O–H Stretching Probe in Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of Aromatic Alcohols. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4800-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Psciuk
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mirabelle Prémont-Schwarz
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max Born Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Koeppe
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max Born Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sharon Keinan
- Department
of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Be’er
Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Dequan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven, 300 Boston Post Road, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Erik T. J. Nibbering
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max Born Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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Ronca E, Pastore M, Belpassi L, De Angelis F, Angeli C, Cimiraglia R, Tarantelli F. Charge-displacement analysis for excited states. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:054110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4863411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Fleisher AJ, Young JW, Pratt DW. Experimentally measured permanent dipoles induced by hydrogen bonding. The Stark spectrum of indole-NH3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8990-8. [PMID: 22382507 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23902g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bond pairs involving the chromophore indole have been extensively studied in the gas phase. Here, we report high resolution electronic spectroscopy experiments on the indole-NH(3) hydrogen bond pair in the absence and presence of an electric field. The S(1)-S(0) origin band of this complex recorded in zero field at high resolution reveals two overlapping spectra; a consequence of NH(3) hindered internal rotation. The barrier to internal rotation is predicted by theory to be less than 20 cm(-1) in the ground state, therefore requiring a non-rigid rotor Hamiltonian to interpret the spectra. Conducting the experiment in the presence of an applied electric field further perturbs the already congested spectrum of the complex, but makes possible the measurement of the permanent electric dipole moments in its S(0) and S(1) states. These values reveal significant changes in electron distribution that arise from hydrogen bonding effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Fleisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Xiao D, Prémont-Schwarz M, Nibbering ETJ, Batista VS. Ultrafast vibrational frequency shifts induced by electronic excitations: naphthols in low dielectric media. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:2775-90. [PMID: 22044113 DOI: 10.1021/jp208426v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the solvent-induced frequency shifts of the OH-stretching mode of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol in nonpolar/weakly polar solvents, subject to electronic excitation, with ultrafast UV/mid-infrared pump-probe spectroscopy and theoretical modeling based on Pullin's perturbative treatment of vibrational solvatochromic effects. The model is parametrized at the density functional theory (DFT) level, including the B3LYP/TZVP and TD-B3LYP/TZVP descriptions, for the naphthol chromophores in the S(0)- and (1)L(b)-states and accounts for both the static and the optical dielectric response of the solvent on time scales comparable to that of the OH-stretching vibrational motions. The favorable comparison between experimental and theoretical values of the solvent-induced vibrational frequency shifts suggests that the ultrafast dielectric response of the solvent contributes predominantly to the solvatochromic shifts in solvents of moderate polarity where specific solute-solvent interactions are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, USA
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Prémont-Schwarz M, Xiao D, Batista VS, Nibbering ETJ. The O-H stretching mode of a prototypical photoacid as a local dielectric probe. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:10511-6. [PMID: 21851092 DOI: 10.1021/jp207642k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the OH stretch vibrational frequency shifts of a prototype photoacid, 2-naphthol (2N), when dissolved in solvents of low polarity. We combine femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy and a theoretical model based on the Pullin-van der Zwan-Hynes perturbative approach to explore vibrational solvatochromic effects in the ground S(0) and the first electronically excited (1)L(b) states. The model is parametrized using density functional theory (DFT), at the B3LYP/TZVP and TD-B3LYP/TZVP levels for the 2N chromophore in the S(0) and (1)L(b) states, respectively. From the agreement between experiment and theory we conclude that vibrational solvatochromic effects are dominated by the instantaneous dielectric response of the solvent, while time-dependent nuclear rearrangements are of secondary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirabelle Prémont-Schwarz
- Max Born Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max Born Strasse 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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Young JW, Pratt DW. Excited state electron transfer precedes proton transfer following irradiation of the hydrogen-bonded single water complex of 7-azaindole with UV light. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:084301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3626408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Melnichuk A, Bartlett RJ. Gas phase solvatochromic effects of phenol and naphthol photoacids. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:244303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3603456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Toutounji M. Anharmonic electron-phonon coupling in condensed media: 1. Formalism. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:5121-32. [PMID: 20722358 DOI: 10.1021/jp104731s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three different schemes for calculating anharmonic line shape functions are reported and discussed for the first time in this article using eigenstate representation. First, the linear dipole-moment time correlation function (DMTCF), homogeneous (single-site) absorption line shape function, and the respective Franck-Condon factors (FCF) are derived and explored as a molecule makes a transition from a harmonic to an anharmonic (Morse potential) electronic state. Second, the linear DMTCF, homogeneous absorption line shape function, and FCFs are also derived as a molecule makes a transition from one anharmonic to another linearly displaced anharmonic state; FCFs in this case are reported in an exact closed-form expressed in terms of Appell's hypergeometric function. Third, same as the latter set of results are reported but with both linearly displaced and distorted shape of the upper Morse potential. FCFs of the zero-phonon line in all three cases are reported. The first case is rather mathematically complex as a result of taking the overlap integral of the Morse oscillator eigenfunctions, whose spatial decay is a simple exponential, with those of harmonic oscillator, whose decay is a Gaussian. This form of a functional disparity gives rise to some challenges. Model calculations are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Toutounji
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE.
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Fleisher AJ, Young JW, Pratt DW, Cembran A, Gao J. Flickering dipoles in the gas phase: Structures, internal dynamics, and dipole moments of β-naphthol-H2O in its ground and excited electronic states. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:114304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3562373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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