1
|
Fujimoto T, Parmryd I. Interleaflet Coupling, Pinning, and Leaflet Asymmetry-Major Players in Plasma Membrane Nanodomain Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 4:155. [PMID: 28119914 PMCID: PMC5222840 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane has a highly asymmetric distribution of lipids and contains dynamic nanodomains many of which are liquid entities surrounded by a second, slightly different, liquid environment. Contributing to the dynamics is a continuous repartitioning of components between the two types of liquids and transient links between lipids and proteins, both to extracellular matrix and cytoplasmic components, that temporarily pin membrane constituents. This make plasma membrane nanodomains exceptionally challenging to study and much of what is known about membrane domains has been deduced from studies on model membranes at equilibrium. However, living cells are by definition not at equilibrium and lipids are distributed asymmetrically with inositol phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines confined mostly to the inner leaflet and glyco- and sphingolipids to the outer leaflet. Moreover, each phospholipid group encompasses a wealth of species with different acyl chain combinations whose lateral distribution is heterogeneous. It is becoming increasingly clear that asymmetry and pinning play important roles in plasma membrane nanodomain formation and coupling between the two lipid monolayers. How asymmetry, pinning, and interdigitation contribute to the plasma membrane organization is only beginning to be unraveled and here we discuss their roles and interdependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ingela Parmryd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu L, Chen Z, Zou Z. Dewetting of a pre-patterned thin polymer bilayer: influence of the instability mode. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03506c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Different surface structures are fabricated via adjusting the instability mode from a thermodynamically controlled one to a kinetically controlled one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Laboratory of Surface Physics and Chemistry
- Guizhou Education University
- Guiyang 550018
- P. R. China
| | - Zhengjian Chen
- Laboratory of Surface Physics and Chemistry
- Guizhou Education University
- Guiyang 550018
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-Chemical Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Fujimoto T, Parmryd I. Interleaflet Coupling, Pinning, and Leaflet Asymmetry-Major Players in Plasma Membrane Nanodomain Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016. [PMID: 28119914 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane has a highly asymmetric distribution of lipids and contains dynamic nanodomains many of which are liquid entities surrounded by a second, slightly different, liquid environment. Contributing to the dynamics is a continuous repartitioning of components between the two types of liquids and transient links between lipids and proteins, both to extracellular matrix and cytoplasmic components, that temporarily pin membrane constituents. This make plasma membrane nanodomains exceptionally challenging to study and much of what is known about membrane domains has been deduced from studies on model membranes at equilibrium. However, living cells are by definition not at equilibrium and lipids are distributed asymmetrically with inositol phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines confined mostly to the inner leaflet and glyco- and sphingolipids to the outer leaflet. Moreover, each phospholipid group encompasses a wealth of species with different acyl chain combinations whose lateral distribution is heterogeneous. It is becoming increasingly clear that asymmetry and pinning play important roles in plasma membrane nanodomain formation and coupling between the two lipid monolayers. How asymmetry, pinning, and interdigitation contribute to the plasma membrane organization is only beginning to be unraveled and here we discuss their roles and interdependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ingela Parmryd
- Science for Life Laboratory, Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sikder MKU, Stone KA, Kumar PBS, Laradji M. Combined effect of cortical cytoskeleton and transmembrane proteins on domain formation in biomembranes. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:054902. [PMID: 25106608 PMCID: PMC4119197 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the combined effects of transmembrane proteins and the subjacent cytoskeleton on the dynamics of phase separation in multicomponent lipid bilayers using computer simulations of a particle-based implicit solvent model for lipid membranes with soft-core interactions. We find that microphase separation can be achieved by the protein confinement by the cytoskeleton. Our results have relevance to the finite size of lipid rafts in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle A Stone
- Department of Physics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - P B Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India and MEMPHYS - Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Mohamed Laradji
- Department of Physics, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA and MEMPHYS - Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Modeling the interplay between protein and lipid aggregation in supported membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2014; 185:141-52. [PMID: 24968242 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical model that deals with the complex interplay between lipid segregation and the self-aggregation of lipid-attached proteins. The model, in contrast to previous ones that consider proteins only as passive elements affecting the lipid distribution, describes the system including three terms: the dynamic interactions between protein monomers, the interactions between lipid components, and a mixed term considering protein-lipid interactions. It is used to explain experimental results performed on a well-defined system in which a self-aggregating soluble bacterial cytoskeletal protein polymerizes on a lipid bilayer containing two lipid components. All the elements considered in a previously described protein model, including torsion of the monomers within the filament, are needed to account for the observed filament shapes. The model also points out that lipid segregation can affect the length and curvature of the filaments and that the dynamic behavior of the lipids and proteins can have different time scales, giving rise to memory effects. This simple model that considers a dynamic protein assembly on a fluid and active lipid surface can be easily extended to other biologically relevant situations in which the interplay between protein and lipid aggregation is needed to fully describe the system.
Collapse
|
7
|
Interplay of cytoskeletal activity and lipid phase stability in dynamic protein recruitment and clustering. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2608. [PMID: 24018870 PMCID: PMC3767946 DOI: 10.1038/srep02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments have revealed that some membrane proteins aggregate to form clusters. This type of process has been proven to be dynamic and to be actively maintained by external kinetics. Additionally, this dynamic recruiting is cholesterol- and actin-dependent, suggesting that raft organization and cytoskeleton rearrangement play a crucial role. In the present study, we propose a simple model that provides a general framework to describe the dynamical behavior of lipid-protein assemblies. Our results suggest that lipid-mediated interactions and cytoskeleton-anchored proteins contribute to the modulation of such behavior. In particular, we find a resonant condition between the membrane protein and cytoskeleton dynamics that results in the invariance of the ratio of clustered proteins that is found in in vivo experimental observations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zauber H, Szymanski W, Schulze WX. Unraveling sterol-dependent membrane phenotypes by analysis of protein abundance-ratio distributions in different membrane fractions under biochemical and endogenous sterol depletion. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3732-43. [PMID: 24030099 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.029447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, research on plasma membrane focused increasingly on the analysis of so-called microdomains. It has been shown that function of many membrane-associated proteins involved in signaling and transport depends on their conditional segregation within sterol-enriched membrane domains. High throughput proteomic analysis of sterol-protein interactions are often based on analyzing detergent resistant membrane fraction enriched in sterols and associated proteins, which also contain proteins from these microdomain structures. Most studies so far focused exclusively on the characterization of detergent resistant membrane protein composition and abundances. This approach has received some criticism because of its unspecificity and many co-purifying proteins. In this study, by a label-free quantitation approach, we extended the characterization of membrane microdomains by particularly studying distributions of each protein between detergent resistant membrane and detergent-soluble fractions (DSF). This approach allows a more stringent definition of dynamic processes between different membrane phases and provides a means of identification of co-purifying proteins. We developed a random sampling algorithm, called Unicorn, allowing for robust statistical testing of alterations in the protein distribution ratios of the two different fractions. Unicorn was validated on proteomic data from methyl-β-cyclodextrin treated plasma membranes and the sterol biosynthesis mutant smt1. Both, chemical treatment and sterol-biosynthesis mutation affected similar protein classes in their membrane phase distribution and particularly proteins with signaling and transport functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zauber
- Max Planck Institute of molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fischer T, Risselada HJ, Vink RLC. Membrane lateral structure: the influence of immobilized particles on domain size. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14500-8. [PMID: 22782576 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In experiments on model membranes, formation of large domains of different lipid composition is readily observed. However, no such phase separation is observed in the membranes of intact cells. Instead, small transient inhomogeneities called lipid rafts are expected in these systems. One of the numerous attempts to explain small domains refers to the coupling of the membrane to its surroundings, which leads to the immobilization of some of the membrane molecules. These immobilized molecules then act as static obstacles for the remaining mobile ones. We present detailed Molecular Dynamics simulations demonstrating that this can indeed account for small domains. This confirms previous Monte Carlo studies based on simplified models. Furthermore, by directly comparing domain structures obtained using Molecular Dynamics to Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model, we demonstrate that domain formation in the presence of obstacles is remarkably insensitive to the details of the molecular interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fischer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sadeghi S, Vink RLC. Main transition in the Pink membrane model: finite-size scaling and the influence of surface roughness. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 85:061912. [PMID: 23005132 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.85.061912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We consider the main transition in single-component membranes using computer simulations of the Pink model [D. A. Pink et al., Biochemistry 19, 349 (1980)]. We first show that the accepted parameters of the Pink model yield a main transition temperature that is systematically below experimental values. This resolves an issue that was first pointed out by Corvera and co-workers [Phys. Rev. E 47, 696 (1993)]. In order to yield the correct transition temperature, the strength of the van der Waals coupling in the Pink model must be increased; by using finite-size scaling, a set of optimal values is proposed. We also provide finite-size scaling evidence that the Pink model belongs to the universality class of the two-dimensional Ising model. This finding holds irrespective of the number of conformational states. Finally, we address the main transition in the presence of quenched disorder, which may arise in situations where the membrane is deposited on a rough support. In this case, we observe a stable multidomain structure of gel and fluid domains, and the absence of a sharp transition in the thermodynamic limit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sadeghi
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Witkowski T, Backofen R, Voigt A. The influence of membrane bound proteins on phase separation and coarsening in cell membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14509-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
12
|
Fischer T, Vink RLC. Domain formation in membranes with quenched protein obstacles: Lateral heterogeneity and the connection to universality classes. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:055106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3530587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
|