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Hagiwara K, Nakamura E, Makita S, Suga S, Tanaka SI, Kera S, Matsui F. Development of dual-beamline photoelectron momentum microscopy for valence orbital analysis. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:540-546. [PMID: 38619289 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The soft X-ray photoelectron momentum microscopy (PMM) experimental station at the UVSOR Synchrotron Facility has been recently upgraded by additionally guiding vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in a normal-incidence configuration. PMM offers a very powerful tool for comprehensive electronic structure analyses in real and momentum spaces. In this work, a VUV beam with variable polarization in the normal-incidence geometry was obtained at the same sample position as the soft X-ray beam from BL6U by branching the VUV beamline BL7U. The valence electronic structure of the Au(111) surface was measured using horizontal and vertical linearly polarized (s-polarized) light excitations from BL7U in addition to horizontal linearly polarized (p-polarized) light excitations from BL6U. Such highly symmetric photoemission geometry with normal incidence offers direct access to atomic orbital information via photon polarization-dependent transition-matrix-element analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Hagiwara
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, NishigoNaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Eiken Nakamura
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, NishigoNaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Seiji Makita
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, NishigoNaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Suga
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kera
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, NishigoNaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsui
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, NishigoNaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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2
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Nakamura T, Sugihara H, Chen Y, Yukawa R, Ohtsubo Y, Tanaka K, Kitamura M, Kumigashira H, Kimura SI. Two-dimensional heavy fermion in a monoatomic-layer Kondo lattice YbCu 2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7850. [PMID: 38040781 PMCID: PMC10692116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kondo effect between localized f-electrons and conductive carriers leads to exotic physical phenomena. Among them, heavy-fermion (HF) systems, in which massive effective carriers appear due to the Kondo effect, have fascinated many researchers. Dimensionality is also an important characteristic of the HF system, especially because it is strongly related to quantum criticality. However, the realization of the perfect two-dimensional (2D) HF materials is still a challenging topic. Here, we report the surface electronic structure of the monoatomic-layer Kondo lattice YbCu2 on a Cu(111) surface observed by synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The 2D conducting band and the Yb 4f state, located very close to the Fermi level, are observed. These bands are hybridized at low-temperature, forming the 2D HF state, with an evaluated coherence temperature of about 30 K. The effective mass of the 2D state is enhanced by a factor of 100 by the development of the HF state. Furthermore, clear evidence of the hybridization gap formation in the temperature dependence of the Kondo-resonance peak has been observed below the coherence temperature. Our study provides a new candidate as an ideal 2D HF material for understanding the Kondo effect at low dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nakamura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sugihara
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yitong Chen
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ryu Yukawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | | | - Miho Kitamura
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kumigashira
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kimura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan.
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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3
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Kimura SI, Kawabata T, Matsumoto H, Ohta Y, Yoshizumi A, Yoshida Y, Yamashita T, Watanabe H, Ohtsubo Y, Yamamoto N, Jin X. Bulk-sensitive spin-resolved resonant electron energy-loss spectroscopy (SR-rEELS): Observation of element- and spin-selective bulk plasmons. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:093103. [PMID: 34598542 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have developed spin-resolved resonant electron energy-loss spectroscopy with the primary energy of 0.3-1.5 keV, which corresponds to the core excitations of 2p-3d absorption of transition metals and 3d-4f absorption of rare-earths, with the energy resolution of about 100 meV using a spin-polarized electron source as a GaAs/GaAsP strained superlattice photocathode. Element- and spin-selective carrier and valence plasmons can be observed using the resonance enhancement of core absorptions and electron spin polarization. Furthermore, bulk-sensitive electron energy-loss spectroscopy spectra can be obtained because the primary energy corresponds to the mean free path of 1-10 nm. The methodology is expected to provide us with novel information about elementary excitations by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Kimura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taishi Kawabata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsumoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yu Ohta
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Ayuki Yoshizumi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuto Yoshida
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamashita
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamamoto
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Xiuguang Jin
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
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4
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Fabrication of a novel magnetic topological heterostructure and temperature evolution of its massive Dirac cone. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4821. [PMID: 32973165 PMCID: PMC7515900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18645-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials that possess nontrivial topology and magnetism is known to exhibit exotic quantum phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect. Here, we fabricate a novel magnetic topological heterostructure Mn4Bi2Te7/Bi2Te3 where multiple magnetic layers are inserted into the topmost quintuple layer of the original topological insulator Bi2Te3. A massive Dirac cone (DC) with a gap of 40–75 meV at 16 K is observed. By tracing the temperature evolution, this gap is shown to gradually decrease with increasing temperature and a blunt transition from a massive to a massless DC occurs around 200–250 K. Structural analysis shows that the samples also contain MnBi2Te4/Bi2Te3. Magnetic measurements show that there are two distinct Mn components in the system that corresponds to the two heterostructures; MnBi2Te4/Bi2Te3 is paramagnetic at 6 K while Mn4Bi2Te7/Bi2Te3 is ferromagnetic with a negative hysteresis (critical temperature ~20 K). This novel heterostructure is potentially important for future device applications. Magnetic topological heterostructures are promising devices to manipulate emergent quantum effects. Here, Hirahara et al. fabricate a novel magnetic topological heterostructure with a massive Dirac cone which becomes a massless one tuned by temperature.
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Yamane H, Matsui F, Ueba T, Horigome T, Makita S, Tanaka K, Kera S, Kosugi N. Acceptance-cone-tunable electron spectrometer for highly-efficient constant energy mapping. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:093102. [PMID: 31575223 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an acceptance-cone-tunable (ACT) electron spectrometer for the highly efficient constant-energy photoelectron mapping of functional materials. The ACT spectrometer consists of the hemispherical deflection analyzer with the mesh-type electrostatic lens near the sample. The photoelectron trajectory can be converged by applying a negative bias to the sample and grounding the mesh lens and the analyzer entrance. The performance of the present ACT spectrometer with neither rotating nor tilting of the sample is demonstrated by the wide-angle observation of the well-known π-band dispersion of a single crystalline graphite over the Brillouin zone. The acceptance cone of the spectrometer is expanded by a factor of 3.30 when the negative bias voltage is 10 times as high as the kinetic energy of photoelectrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yamane
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsui
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ueba
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Toshio Horigome
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Seiji Makita
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyohisa Tanaka
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kera
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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6
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Non-trivial surface states of samarium hexaboride at the (111) surface. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2298. [PMID: 31127112 PMCID: PMC6534584 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The peculiar metallic electronic states observed in the Kondo insulator, samarium hexaboride (SmB6), has stimulated considerable attention among those studying non-trivial electronic phenomena. However, experimental studies of these states have led to controversial conclusions mainly due to the difficulty and inhomogeneity of the SmB6 crystal surface. Here, we show the detailed electronic structure of SmB6 with angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements of the three-fold (111) surface where only two inequivalent time-reversal-invariant momenta (TRIM) exist. We observe the metallic two-dimensional state was dispersed across the bulk Kondo gap. Its helical in-plane spin polarisation around the surface TRIM indicates that SmB6 is topologically non-trivial, according to the topological classification theory for weakly correlated systems. Based on these results, we propose a simple picture of the controversial topological classification of SmB6. Samarium hexaboride has unusual electronic properties that have been suggested to arise from topological effects. Here the authors present spin-resolved ARPES measurements of the (111) surface and observe surface states that may give insight into the bulk topological properties.
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7
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Ishida Y, Shin S. Functions to map photoelectron distributions in a variety of setups in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:043903. [PMID: 29716365 DOI: 10.1063/1.5007226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of photoelectrons acquired in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy can be mapped onto the energy-momentum space of the Bloch electrons in the crystal. The explicit forms of the mapping function f depend on the configuration of the apparatus as well as on the type of the photoelectron analyzer. We show that the existence of the analytic forms of f-1 is guaranteed in a variety of setups. The variety includes the case when the analyzer is equipped with a photoelectron deflector. Thereby, we provide a demonstrative mapping program implemented by an algorithm that utilizes both f and f-1. The mapping methodology is also usable in other spectroscopic methods such as momentum-resolved electron-energy loss spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishida
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - S Shin
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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8
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Hirahara T, Eremeev SV, Shirasawa T, Okuyama Y, Kubo T, Nakanishi R, Akiyama R, Takayama A, Hajiri T, Ideta SI, Matsunami M, Sumida K, Miyamoto K, Takagi Y, Tanaka K, Okuda T, Yokoyama T, Kimura SI, Hasegawa S, Chulkov EV. Large-Gap Magnetic Topological Heterostructure Formed by Subsurface Incorporation of a Ferromagnetic Layer. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3493-3500. [PMID: 28545300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inducing magnetism into topological insulators is intriguing for utilizing exotic phenomena such as the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) for technological applications. While most studies have focused on doping magnetic impurities to open a gap at the surface-state Dirac point, many undesirable effects have been reported to appear in some cases that makes it difficult to determine whether the gap opening is due to the time-reversal symmetry breaking or not. Furthermore, the realization of the QAHE has been limited to low temperatures. Here we have succeeded in generating a massive Dirac cone in a MnBi2Se4/Bi2Se3 heterostructure, which was fabricated by self-assembling a MnBi2Se4 layer on top of the Bi2Se3 surface as a result of the codeposition of Mn and Se. Our experimental results, supported by relativistic ab initio calculations, demonstrate that the fabricated MnBi2Se4/Bi2Se3 heterostructure shows ferromagnetism up to room temperature and a clear Dirac cone gap opening of ∼100 meV without any other significant changes in the rest of the band structure. It can be considered as a result of the direct interaction of the surface Dirac cone and the magnetic layer rather than a magnetic proximity effect. This spontaneously formed self-assembled heterostructure with a massive Dirac spectrum, characterized by a nontrivial Chern number C = -1, has a potential to realize the QAHE at significantly higher temperatures than reported up to now and can serve as a platform for developing future "topotronics" devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hirahara
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Sergey V Eremeev
- Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science , Tomsk 634055, Russia
- Tomsk State University , Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal, 4, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Tetsuroh Shirasawa
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo , Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yuma Okuyama
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kubo
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Ryota Akiyama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akari Takayama
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hajiri
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Ideta
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaharu Matsunami
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sumida
- Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Koji Miyamoto
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Takagi
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyohisa Tanaka
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Taichi Okuda
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yokoyama
- Department of Materials Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kimura
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science , Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shuji Hasegawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Evgueni V Chulkov
- Tomsk State University , Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Saint Petersburg State University , Saint Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal, 4, 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UPV/EHU , Apdo. 1072, 20080 San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, CFM-MPC, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU , Apdo.1072, 20080 San Sebastián/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
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9
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Nakayama Y, Mizuno Y, Hikasa M, Yamamoto M, Matsunami M, Ideta S, Tanaka K, Ishii H, Ueno N. Single-Crystal Pentacene Valence-Band Dispersion and Its Temperature Dependence. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1259-1264. [PMID: 28240895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structures of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) or the HOMO-derived valence bands dominate the transport nature of positive charge carriers (holes) in organic semiconductors. In the present study, the valence-band structures of single-crystal pentacene and the temperature dependence of their energy-momentum dispersion relations are successfully demonstrated using angle-resolved ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (ARUPS). For the shallowest valence band, the intermolecular transfer integral and effective mass of the holes are evaluated as 43.1 meV and 3.43 times the electron rest mass, respectively, at room temperature along the crystallographic direction for which the widest energy dispersion is expected. The temperature dependence of the ARUPS results reveals that the transfer integral values (hole effective mass) are enhanced (reduced) by ∼20% on cooling the sample to 110 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Nakayama
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Mizuno
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masataka Hikasa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masaharu Matsunami
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ideta
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kiyohisa Tanaka
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science (IMS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hisao Ishii
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Center for Frontier Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ueno
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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10
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Nakayama M, Kondo T, Tian Z, Ishikawa JJ, Halim M, Bareille C, Malaeb W, Kuroda K, Tomita T, Ideta S, Tanaka K, Matsunami M, Kimura S, Inami N, Ono K, Kumigashira H, Balents L, Nakatsuji S, Shin S. Slater to Mott Crossover in the Metal to Insulator Transition of Nd_{2}Ir_{2}O_{7}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:056403. [PMID: 27517783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.056403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an angle-resolved photoemission study of the electronic structure of the three-dimensional pyrochlore iridate Nd_{2}Ir_{2}O_{7} through its magnetic metal-insulator transition. Our data reveal that metallic Nd_{2}Ir_{2}O_{7} has a quadratic band, touching the Fermi level at the Γ point, similar to that of Pr_{2}Ir_{2}O_{7}. The Fermi node state is, therefore, a common feature of the metallic phase of the pyrochlore iridates. Upon cooling below the transition temperature, this compound exhibits a gap opening with an energy shift of quasiparticle peaks like a band gap insulator. The quasiparticle peaks are strongly suppressed, however, with further decrease of temperature, and eventually vanish at the lowest temperature, leaving a nondispersive flat band lacking long-lived electrons. We thereby identify a remarkable crossover from Slater to Mott insulators with decreasing temperature. These observations explain the puzzling absence of Weyl points in this material, despite its proximity to the zero temperature metal-insulator transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakayama
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Z Tian
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - J J Ishikawa
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - M Halim
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - C Bareille
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - W Malaeb
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - K Kuroda
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - T Tomita
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - S Ideta
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Matsunami
- Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Inami
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Ono
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H Kumigashira
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - L Balents
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S Nakatsuji
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - S Shin
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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11
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Kondo T, Nakayama M, Chen R, Ishikawa JJ, Moon EG, Yamamoto T, Ota Y, Malaeb W, Kanai H, Nakashima Y, Ishida Y, Yoshida R, Yamamoto H, Matsunami M, Kimura S, Inami N, Ono K, Kumigashira H, Nakatsuji S, Balents L, Shin S. Quadratic Fermi node in a 3D strongly correlated semimetal. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10042. [PMID: 26640114 PMCID: PMC4686656 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong spin–orbit coupling fosters exotic electronic states such as topological insulators and superconductors, but the combination of strong spin–orbit and strong electron–electron interactions is just beginning to be understood. Central to this emerging area are the 5d transition metal iridium oxides. Here, in the pyrochlore iridate Pr2Ir2O7, we identify a non-trivial state with a single-point Fermi node protected by cubic and time-reversal symmetries, using a combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and first-principles calculations. Owing to its quadratic dispersion, the unique coincidence of four degenerate states at the Fermi energy, and strong Coulomb interactions, non-Fermi liquid behaviour is predicted, for which we observe some evidence. Our discovery implies that Pr2Ir2O7 is a parent state that can be manipulated to produce other strongly correlated topological phases, such as topological Mott insulator, Weyl semimetal, and quantum spin and anomalous Hall states. 5d transition metal iridates provide a platform to study the combined effects of strong spin orbit coupling and strong electronic correlations. Here, the authors find a quadratic band touching in the band structure of Pr2Ir2O7, suggesting it may be tuned to form various strongly correlated topological phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - M Nakayama
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - R Chen
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.,Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Ishikawa
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - E-G Moon
- Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.,Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - T Yamamoto
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y Ota
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - W Malaeb
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, P. O. Box 11-5020 Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Kanai
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y Nakashima
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y Ishida
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - R Yoshida
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - H Yamamoto
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - M Matsunami
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Energy Materials Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - N Inami
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - K Ono
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - H Kumigashira
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - S Nakatsuji
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - L Balents
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - S Shin
- ISSP, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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12
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Hirahara T, Shirai T, Hajiri T, Matsunami M, Tanaka K, Kimura S, Hasegawa S, Kobayashi K. Role of Quantum and Surface-State Effects in the Bulk Fermi-Level Position of Ultrathin Bi Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:106803. [PMID: 26382694 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.106803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We performed high-resolution photon-energy and polarization-dependent ARPES measurements on ultrathin Bi(111) films [6-180 bilayers (BL), 2.5-70 nm thick] formed on Si(111). In addition to the extensively studied surface states (SSs), the edge of the bulk valence band was clearly measured by using S-polarized light. We found direct evidence that this valence band edge, which forms a hole pocket in the bulk Bi crystal, does not cross the Fermi level for the 180 BL thick film. This is consistent with the predicted semimetal-to-semiconductor transition due to the quantum-size effect [V.B. Sandomirskii, Sov. Phys. JETP 25, 101 (1967)]. However, it became metallic again when the film thickness was decreased (below 30 BL). A plausible explanation for this phenomenon is the modification of the charge neutrality condition due to the size effect of the SSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hirahara
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Shirai
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Hajiri
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Matsunami
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - K Tanaka
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Hasegawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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13
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Fukui K, Ikematsu RI, Imoto Y, Kitaura M, Nakagawa K, Ejima T, Nakamura E, Sakai M, Hasumoto M, Kimura SI. Design and performance of a new VIS-VUV photoluminescence beamline at UVSOR-III. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2014; 21:452-455. [PMID: 24562569 PMCID: PMC3945421 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577513032931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new bending-magnet beamline with a 2.5 m normal-incidence monochromator has been constructed to serve with a light source in the visible-vacuum-ultraviolet region for photoluminescence, transmission and reflection spectroscopies of solids at the UVSOR-III 750 MeV synchrotron radiation light source. The aim is to pave the way to establishing a beamline with high photon flux, high brilliance, high energy-resolution, high linear-polarization and low higher-order light. To obtain high photon flux and brilliance, the acceptance angle of the bending-magnet radiation was designed to be 40 mrad (H) × 14 mrad (V) and the post-mirror system employed Kirkpatrick-Baez optics. The incidence angle of the incoming light to the optical elements, except to the gratings, was set to a grazing angle in order to keep a degree of linear polarization. For achieving high energy-resolution, an off-plane Eagle-type monochromator was adopted. Higher-order unwanted light in the energy range below ∼11 eV was suppressed to be less than 0.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Fukui
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Ryu-ichi Ikematsu
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Imoto
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kitaura
- Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, 1-4-12 Kojirakawamachi, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takao Ejima
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Eiken Nakamura
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masami Hasumoto
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Kimura
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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14
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Tanaka SI, Matsunami M, Kimura SI. An investigation of electron-phonon coupling via phonon dispersion measurements in graphite using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3031. [PMID: 24149916 PMCID: PMC3805971 DOI: 10.1038/srep03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-phonon coupling (EPC) plays an important role in solid state physics. Here, we demonstrate an experimental method that enables investigation of the elemental processes of the indirect transition, in which EPC participates in photoexcitation in solids, by resolving the energy and momentum of phonons and electrons simultaneously. For graphite, we used angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy to observe electron emission at the Γ-point being scattered from the K-point by a phonon. Energy conservation during phonon emission implies that the step-like structure in the spectrum is near the Fermi level, and angle-resolved measurements revealed phonon dispersions that contribute to EPC because of parallel momentum conservation. The observed phonon branch depends on the photon energy, i.e., the final photoexcitation state; this dependency is partly explained by the selection rule, which is determined by the electron state symmetry for the initial, intermediate, and final states and the phonon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Tanaka
- The Institute of Industrial and Scientific Research, Osaka University, 567-0047 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
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