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Zinchenko KS, Ardana-Lamas F, Lanfaloni VU, Luu TT, Pertot Y, Huppert M, Wörner HJ. Apparatus for attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy in the water-window soft-X-ray region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3059. [PMID: 36810355 PMCID: PMC9944907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an apparatus for attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) featuring soft-X-ray (SXR) supercontinua that extend beyond 450 eV. This instrument combines an attosecond table-top high-harmonic light source with mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses, both driven by 1.7-1.9 mJ, sub-11 fs pulses centered at 1.76 [Formula: see text]m. A remarkably low timing jitter of [Formula: see text] 20 as is achieved through active stabilization of the pump and probe arms of the instrument. A temporal resolution of better than 400 as is demonstrated through ATAS measurements at the argon L[Formula: see text]-edges. A spectral resolving power of 1490 is demonstrated through simultaneous absorption measurements at the sulfur L[Formula: see text]- and carbon K-edges of OCS. Coupled with its high SXR photon flux, this instrument paves the way to attosecond time-resolved spectroscopy of organic molecules in the gas phase or in aqueous solutions, as well as thin films of advanced materials. Such measurements will advance the studies of complex systems to the electronic time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S. Zinchenko
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Ardana-Lamas
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,European XFEL GmbH, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.
| | - Valentina Utrio Lanfaloni
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tran Trung Luu
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, SAR Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yoann Pertot
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Huppert
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Chen Y, Li W, Wang Z, Hahner D, Kling MF, Pervak V. Complementary dispersive mirror pair produced in one coating run based on desired non-uniformity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32074-32083. [PMID: 36242276 DOI: 10.1364/oe.467664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel one-coating-run method for producing an octave-spanning complementary dispersive mirror (DM) pair. The anti-phase group delay dispersion (GDD) oscillations are realized by two mirrors of the DM pair due to the certain thickness difference. Both mirrors are deposited within a single coating run enabled by the non-uniformity of the ion beam sputtering coating plant, which is obtained by tuning the distance between the source target and coating substrates. Since the DM pair is produced in a single deposition run, the GDD performance is more robust against deposition errors than that of the conventional complementary DM pair, in which two separated coating runs are necessary. Moreover, the new DM pair is compatible for both laser polarizations under the same angle of incidence, which could effectively reduce the difficulties of alignment for their implementation in laser systems than the double angle DM pair. The new DM pair is successfully applied to compress pulses from a Ti: Sapphire laser system down to 4.26 fs in pulse duration.
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3
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Nishimura K, Fu Y, Suda A, Midorikawa K, Takahashi EJ. Apparatus for generation of nanojoule-class water-window high-order harmonics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:063001. [PMID: 34243496 DOI: 10.1063/5.0045342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In our recent study [Fu et al., Commun. Phys. 3(1), 92 (2020)], we have developed an approach for energy-scaling of high-order harmonic generation in the water-window region under a neutral-medium condition. More specifically, we obtained a nanojoule-class water-window soft x-ray harmonic beam under a phase-matching condition. It has been achieved by combining a newly developed terawatt-class mid-infrared femtosecond laser and a loose-focusing geometry for high-order harmonic generation. The generated beam is more than 100 times intense compared to previously reported results. The experimental setup included two key parts: a terawatt mid-infrared femtosecond driving laser [Fu et al., Sci. Rep. 8(1), 7692 (2018)] and a specially designed gas cell. Despite the dramatic drop in the optimal gas pressure for phase-matching due to loose-focusing geometry, it still reached the 1 bar level for helium. Thus, we have designed a double-structured pulsed-gas cell with a differential pumping system, which enabled providing sufficiently high gas pressure. Moreover, it allowed reducing gas consumption significantly. A robust energy-scalable apparatus for high-order harmonic generation developed in this study will enable the generation of over ten-nanojoule water-window attosecond pulses in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Nishimura
- Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuxi Fu
- Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Katsumi Midorikawa
- Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Eiji J Takahashi
- Extreme Photonics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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4
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Vaughan J, Bahder J, Unzicker B, Arthur D, Tatum M, Hart T, Harrison G, Burrows S, Stringer P, Laurent GM. Design of an optically-locked interferometer for attosecond pump-probe setups. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30989-31000. [PMID: 31684340 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and performance of an active stabilization system for attosecond pump-probe setups based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration. The system employs a CW laser propagating coaxially with the pump and probe beams in the interferometer. The stabilization is achieved with a standalone feedback controller that adjusts the length of one of its arms to maintain a constant relative phase between the CW beams. With this system, the time delay between the pump and probe beams is stabilized within 10 as rms over several hours. The system is easy to operate and only requires a few minutes to set up before any pump/probe measurements.
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5
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Siegrist F, Gessner JA, Ossiander M, Denker C, Chang YP, Schröder MC, Guggenmos A, Cui Y, Walowski J, Martens U, Dewhurst JK, Kleineberg U, Münzenberg M, Sharma S, Schultze M. Light-wave dynamic control of magnetism. Nature 2019; 571:240-244. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Stooß V, Hartmann M, Birk P, Borisova GD, Ding T, Blättermann A, Ott C, Pfeifer T. XUV-beamline for attosecond transient absorption measurements featuring a broadband common beam-path time-delay unit and in situ reference spectrometer for high stability and sensitivity. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:053108. [PMID: 31153289 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measuring bound-state quantum dynamics, excited and driven by strong fields, is achievable by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Here, a vacuum beamline for spectroscopy in the attosecond temporal and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range is presented, which is a tool for observing and controlling nonequilibrium electron dynamics. In particular, we introduce a technique to record an XUV absorption signal and the corresponding reference simultaneously, which greatly improves the signal quality. The apparatus is based on a common beam path design for XUV and near-infrared (NIR) laser light in a vacuum. This ensures minimal spatiotemporal fluctuations between the strong NIR laser and the XUV excitation and reference beams, while the grazing incidence optics enable broadband spectral coverage. The apparatus combines high spectral and temporal resolution together with an increase in sensitivity to weak absorption signatures by an order of magnitude. This opens up new possibilities for studying strong-field-driven electron dynamics in bound systems on their natural attosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gergana D Borisova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Abstract
The emerging research field of attosecond science allows for the temporal investigation of one of the fastest dynamics in nature: electron dynamics in matter. These dynamics are responsible for chemical and biological processes, and the ability to understand and control them opens a new door of fundamental science, with the possibility to influence all lives if medical issues can thereby be addressed. Multilayer optics are key elements in attosecond experiments; they are used to tailor attosecond pulses with well-defined characteristics to facilitate detailed and accurate insight into processes, e.g., photoemission, Auger decay, or (core-) excitons. Based on the investigations and research efforts from the past several years, multilayer mirrors today are routinely used optical elements in attosecond beamlines. As a consequence, the generation of ultrashort pulses, combined with their dispersion control, has proceeded from the femtosecond range in the visible/infrared spectra to the attosecond range, covering the extreme ultraviolet and soft X-ray photon range up to the water window. This article reviews our work on multilayer optics over the past several years, as well as the impact from other research groups, to reflect on the scientific background of their nowadays routine use in attosecond physics.
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8
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Jordan I, Jain A, Gaumnitz T, Ma J, Wörner HJ. Photoelectron spectrometer for liquid and gas-phase attosecond spectroscopy with field-free and magnetic bottle operation modes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:053103. [PMID: 29864864 DOI: 10.1063/1.5011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A compact time-of-flight spectrometer for applications in attosecond spectroscopy in the liquid and gas phases is presented. It allows for altering the collection efficiency by transitioning between field-free and magnetic-bottle operation modes. High energy resolution (ΔE/E = 0.03 for kinetic energies >20 eV) is achieved despite the short flight-tube length through a homogeneous deceleration potential at the beginning of the flight tube. A closing mechanism allows isolating the vacuum system of the flight tube from the interaction region in order to efficiently perform liquid-microjet experiments. The capabilities of the instrument are demonstrated through photoelectron spectra from multiphoton ionization of argon and xenon, as well as photoelectron spectra of liquid and gaseous water generated by an attosecond pulse train.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Jordan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arohi Jain
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Ma
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Schmidt J, Guggenmos A, Chew SH, Gliserin A, Högner M, Kling MF, Zou J, Späth C, Kleineberg U. Development of a 10 kHz high harmonic source up to 140 eV photon energy for ultrafast time-, angle-, and phase-resolved photoelectron emission spectroscopy on solid targets. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:083105. [PMID: 28863646 DOI: 10.1063/1.4989399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a newly developed high harmonic beamline for time-, angle-, and carrier-envelope phase-resolved extreme ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy on solid targets for the investigation of ultrafast band structure dynamics in the low-fs to sub-fs time regime. The source operates at a repetition rate of 10 kHz and is driven by 5 fs few-cycle near-infrared laser pulses generating high harmonic radiation with photon energies up to 120 eV at a feasible flux. The experimental end station consists of a complementary combination of photoelectron detectors which are able to spectroscopically address electron dynamics both in real and in k-space. The versatility of the source is completed by a phase-meter which allows for tracking the carrier-envelope phase for each pulse and which is synchronized to the photoelectron detectors, thus enabling phase sensitive measurements on the one hand and the selection of single attosecond pulses for ultimate time resolution in pump-probe experiments on the other hand. We demonstrate the applicability of the source by an angle- and carrier-envelope phase-resolved photoemission measurement on a tungsten (110) surface with 95 eV extreme ultraviolet radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schmidt
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Guggenmos
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S H Chew
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Gliserin
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Högner
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M F Kling
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Zou
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Späth
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - U Kleineberg
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Ciappina MF, Pérez-Hernández JA, Landsman AS, Okell WA, Zherebtsov S, Förg B, Schötz J, Seiffert L, Fennel T, Shaaran T, Zimmermann T, Chacón A, Guichard R, Zaïr A, Tisch JWG, Marangos JP, Witting T, Braun A, Maier SA, Roso L, Krüger M, Hommelhoff P, Kling MF, Krausz F, Lewenstein M. Attosecond physics at the nanoscale. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:054401. [PMID: 28059773 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Recently two emerging areas of research, attosecond and nanoscale physics, have started to come together. Attosecond physics deals with phenomena occurring when ultrashort laser pulses, with duration on the femto- and sub-femtosecond time scales, interact with atoms, molecules or solids. The laser-induced electron dynamics occurs natively on a timescale down to a few hundred or even tens of attoseconds (1 attosecond = 1 as = 10-18 s), which is comparable with the optical field. For comparison, the revolution of an electron on a 1s orbital of a hydrogen atom is ∼152 as. On the other hand, the second branch involves the manipulation and engineering of mesoscopic systems, such as solids, metals and dielectrics, with nanometric precision. Although nano-engineering is a vast and well-established research field on its own, the merger with intense laser physics is relatively recent. In this report on progress we present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical overview of physics that takes place when short and intense laser pulses interact with nanosystems, such as metallic and dielectric nanostructures. In particular we elucidate how the spatially inhomogeneous laser induced fields at a nanometer scale modify the laser-driven electron dynamics. Consequently, this has important impact on pivotal processes such as above-threshold ionization and high-order harmonic generation. The deep understanding of the coupled dynamics between these spatially inhomogeneous fields and matter configures a promising way to new avenues of research and applications. Thanks to the maturity that attosecond physics has reached, together with the tremendous advance in material engineering and manipulation techniques, the age of atto-nanophysics has begun, but it is in the initial stage. We present thus some of the open questions, challenges and prospects for experimental confirmation of theoretical predictions, as well as experiments aimed at characterizing the induced fields and the unique electron dynamics initiated by them with high temporal and spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Ciappina
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany. Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines project, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Schmidt J, Guggenmos A, Hofstetter M, Chew SH, Kleineberg U. Generation of circularly polarized high harmonic radiation using a transmission multilayer quarter waveplate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:33564-33578. [PMID: 26832020 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.033564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic radiation is meanwhile nearly extensively used for the spectroscopic investigation of electron dynamics with ultimate time resolution. The majority of high harmonic beamlines provide linearly polarized radiation created in a gas target. However, circular polarization greatly extends the spectroscopic possibilities for high harmonics, especially in the analysis of samples with chirality or prominent spin polarization. We produced a free-standing multilayer foil as a transmission EUV quarter waveplate and applied it for the first time to high harmonic radiation. We measured a broadband (4.6 eV FWHM) ellipticity of 75% at 66 eV photon energy with a transmission efficiency of 5%. The helicity is switchable and the ellipticity can be adjusted to lower values by angle tuning. As a single element it can be easily integrated in any existing harmonic beamline without major changes.
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12
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Huppert M, Jordan I, Wörner HJ. Attosecond beamline with actively stabilized and spatially separated beam paths. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:123106. [PMID: 26724005 DOI: 10.1063/1.4937623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a versatile and compact beamline for attosecond spectroscopy. The setup consists of a high-order harmonic source followed by a delay line that spatially separates and then recombines the extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) and residual infrared (IR) pulses. The beamline introduces a controlled and actively stabilized delay between the XUV and IR pulses on the attosecond time scale. A new active-stabilization scheme combining a helium-neon-laser and a white-light interferometer minimizes fluctuations and allows to control delays accurately (26 as rms during 1.5 h) over long time scales. The high-order-harmonic-generation region is imaged via optical systems, independently for XUV and IR, into an interaction volume to perform pump-probe experiments. As a consequence of the spatial separation, the pulses can be independently manipulated in intensity, polarization, and frequency content. The beamline can be combined with a variety of detectors for measuring attosecond dynamics in gases, liquids, and solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Huppert
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Jordan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H J Wörner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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13
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Jordan I, Huppert M, Brown MA, van Bokhoven JA, Wörner HJ. Photoelectron spectrometer for attosecond spectroscopy of liquids and gases. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:123905. [PMID: 26724045 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new apparatus for attosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of liquids and gases is described. It combines a liquid microjet source with a magnetic-bottle photoelectron spectrometer and an actively stabilized attosecond beamline. The photoelectron spectrometer permits venting and pumping of the interaction chamber without affecting the low pressure in the flight tube. This pressure separation has been realized through a sliding skimmer plate, which effectively seals the flight tube in its closed position and functions as a differential pumping stage in its open position. A high-harmonic photon spectrometer, attached to the photoelectron spectrometer, exit port is used to acquire photon spectra for calibration purposes. Attosecond pulse trains have been used to record photoelectron spectra of noble gases, water in the gas and liquid states as well as solvated species. RABBIT scans demonstrate the attosecond resolution of this setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jordan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Huppert
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M A Brown
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H J Wörner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Weber SJ, Manschwetus B, Billon M, Böttcher M, Bougeard M, Breger P, Géléoc M, Gruson V, Huetz A, Lin N, Picard YJ, Ruchon T, Salières P, Carré B. Flexible attosecond beamline for high harmonic spectroscopy and XUV/near-IR pump probe experiments requiring long acquisition times. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:033108. [PMID: 25832212 DOI: 10.1063/1.4914464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe the versatile features of the attosecond beamline recently installed at CEA-Saclay on the PLFA kHz laser. It combines a fine and very complete set of diagnostics enabling high harmonic spectroscopy (HHS) through the advanced characterization of the amplitude, phase, and polarization of the harmonic emission. It also allows a variety of photo-ionization experiments using magnetic bottle and COLTRIMS (COLd Target Recoil Ion Momentum Microscopy) electron spectrometers that may be used simultaneously, thanks to a two-foci configuration. Using both passive and active stabilization, special care was paid to the long term stability of the system to allow, using both experimental approaches, time resolved studies with attosecond precision, typically over several hours of acquisition times. As an illustration, applications to multi-orbital HHS and electron-ion coincidence time resolved spectroscopy are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Weber
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - B Manschwetus
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Billon
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Böttcher
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - M Bougeard
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Breger
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - M Géléoc
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - V Gruson
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Huetz
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - N Lin
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Y J Picard
- ISMO, UMR 8214, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 350, Orsay, France
| | - T Ruchon
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - P Salières
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - B Carré
- Commissariat l'Energie Atomique, Laser, Interactions and Dynamics Laboratory (LIDyL), DSM/IRAMIS, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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15
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Locher R, Lucchini M, Herrmann J, Sabbar M, Weger M, Ludwig A, Castiglioni L, Greif M, Hengsberger M, Gallmann L, Keller U. Versatile attosecond beamline in a two-foci configuration for simultaneous time-resolved measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2014; 85:013113. [PMID: 24517751 DOI: 10.1063/1.4862656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present our attoline which is a versatile attosecond beamline at the Ultrafast Laser Physics Group at ETH Zurich for attosecond spectroscopy in a variety of targets. High-harmonic generation (HHG) in noble gases with an infrared (IR) driving field is employed to generate pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral regime for XUV-IR cross-correlation measurements. The IR pulse driving the HHG and the pulse involved in the measurements are used in a non-collinear set-up that gives independent access to the different beams. Single attosecond pulses are generated with the polarization gating technique and temporally characterized with attosecond streaking. This attoline contains two target chambers that can be operated simultaneously. A toroidal mirror relay-images the focus from the first chamber into the second one. In the first interaction region a dedicated double-target allows for a simple change between photoelectron/photoion measurements with a time-of-flight spectrometer and transient absorption experiments. Any end station can occupy the second interaction chamber. A surface analysis chamber containing a hemispherical electron analyzer was employed to demonstrate successful operation. Simultaneous RABBITT measurements in two argon jets were recorded for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Locher
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Lucchini
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - J Herrmann
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Sabbar
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Weger
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Castiglioni
- Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Greif
- Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Hengsberger
- Institute of Physics, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Gallmann
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Keller
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Mashiko H, Bell MJ, Beck AR, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Frequency Tunable Attosecond Apparatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-00521-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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17
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Wang X, Chini M, Cheng Y, Wu Y, Chang Z. In situ calibration of an extreme ultraviolet spectrometer for attosecond transient absorption experiments. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:323-329. [PMID: 23338177 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for calibrating an extreme ultraviolet spectrometer based on a flat-field grazing incidence spherical grating in the energy range of 20-30 eV. By measuring absorption lines corresponding to singly excited states in helium atoms and autoionizing states in argon atoms, the photon energy of the detected light was determined. The spectral resolution of the spectrometer, 60 meV, was obtained by deconvolving the Fano resonance profile of argon autoionizing states from the measured absorption line profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
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18
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Loh ZH, Leone SR. Capturing Ultrafast Quantum Dynamics with Femtosecond and Attosecond X-ray Core-Level Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:292-302. [PMID: 26283437 DOI: 10.1021/jz301910n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent technical advances in ultrafast laser sources enable the generation of femtosecond and attosecond soft X-ray pulses in tabletop laser setups as well as accelerator-based synchrotron and free-electron laser sources. These new light sources can be harnessed via pump-probe spectroscopy to elucidate ultrafast quantum dynamics in atoms, molecules, and condensed matter with unprecedented time resolution and chemical sensitivity. Employing such ultrashort pulses in transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy combines the unique advantages of core-level absorption probing of chemical environments and oxidation states with the ability to obtain ultimately freeze-frame snapshots of electronic and nuclear dynamics. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the progress in applying the recently developed technique of femtosecond to attosecond time-resolved soft X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy to the study of ultrafast phenomena, including some of our own efforts to elucidate the interaction of intense laser pulses with atoms and molecules in the strong-field, nonperturbative limit. Possible avenues for future work are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Loh
- †Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, and Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Stephen R Leone
- ‡Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- §Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Schultze M, Bothschafter EM, Sommer A, Holzner S, Fiess M, Hofstetter M, Kienberger R, Apalkov V, Yakovlev V, Stockman MI, Krausz F. Strong-field-induced attosecond dynamics in SiO 2. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134102014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Controlling dielectrics with the electric field of light. Nature 2012; 493:75-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nature11720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Frank F, Arrell C, Witting T, Okell WA, McKenna J, Robinson JS, Haworth CA, Austin D, Teng H, Walmsley IA, Marangos JP, Tisch JWG. Invited review article: technology for attosecond science. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:071101. [PMID: 22852664 DOI: 10.1063/1.4731658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a complete technological system at Imperial College London for Attosecond Science studies. The system comprises a few-cycle, carrier envelope phase stabilized laser source which delivers sub 4 fs pulses to a vibration-isolated attosecond vacuum beamline. The beamline is used for the generation of isolated attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) at kilohertz repetition rates through laser-driven high harmonic generation in gas targets. The beamline incorporates: interferometers for producing pulse sequences for pump-probe studies; the facility to spectrally and spatially filter the harmonic radiation; an in-line spatially resolving XUV spectrometer; and a photoelectron spectroscopy chamber in which attosecond streaking is used to characterize the attosecond pulses. We discuss the technology and techniques behind the development of our complete system and summarize its performance. This versatile apparatus has enabled a number of new experimental investigations which we briefly describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Frank
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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22
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Magerl E, Neppl S, Cavalieri AL, Bothschafter EM, Stanislawski M, Uphues T, Hofstetter M, Kleineberg U, Barth JV, Menzel D, Krausz F, Ernstorfer R, Kienberger R, Feulner P. A flexible apparatus for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of solids and surfaces. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:063104. [PMID: 21721671 DOI: 10.1063/1.3596564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe an apparatus for attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy of solids and surfaces, which combines the generation of isolated attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) laser pulses by high harmonic generation in gases with time-resolved photoelectron detection and surface science techniques in an ultrahigh vacuum environment. This versatile setup provides isolated attosecond pulses with photon energies of up to 140 eV and few-cycle near infrared pulses for studying ultrafast electron dynamics in a large variety of surfaces and interfaces. The samples can be prepared and characterized on an atomic scale in a dedicated flexible surface science end station. The extensive possibilities offered by this apparatus are demonstrated by applying attosecond XUV pulses with a central photon energy of ∼125 eV in an attosecond streaking experiment of a xenon multilayer grown on a Re(0001) substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Magerl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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23
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Hofstetter M, Schultze M, Fiess M, Dennhardt B, Guggenmos A, Gagnon J, Yakovlev VS, Goulielmakis E, Kienberger R, Gullikson EM, Krausz F, Kleineberg U. Attosecond dispersion control by extreme ultraviolet multilayer mirrors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:1767-1776. [PMID: 21368991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental demonstration of a-periodic multilayer mirrors controlling the frequency sweep (chirp) of isolated attosecond XUV pulses. The concept was proven with about 200-attosecond pulses in the photon energy range of 100-130 eV measured via photoelectron streaking in neon. The demonstrated attosecond dispersion control is engineerable in a wide range of XUV photon energies and bandwidths. The resultant tailor-made attosecond pulses with highly enhanced photon flux are expected to significantly advance attosecond metrology and spectroscopy and broaden their range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hofstetter
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Fakultät für Physik, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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