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Marforio TD, Tomasini M, Bottoni A, Zerbetto F, Mattioli EJ, Calvaresi M. Deciphering the Reactive Pathways of Competitive Reactions inside Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:8. [PMID: 36615918 PMCID: PMC9823513 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale control of chemical reactivity, manipulation of reaction pathways, and ultimately driving the outcome of chemical reactions are quickly becoming reality. A variety of tools are concurring to establish such capability. The confinement of guest molecules inside nanoreactors, such as the hollow nanostructures of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), is a straightforward and highly fascinating approach. It mechanically hinders some molecular movements but also decreases the free energy of translation of the system with respect to that of a macroscopic solution. Here, we examined, at the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) level, the effect of confinement inside CNTs on nucleophilic substitution (SN2) and elimination (syn-E2 and anti-E2) using as a model system the reaction between ethyl chloride and chloride. Our results show that the three reaction mechanisms are kinetically and thermodynamically affected by the CNT host. The size of the nanoreactor, i.e., the CNT diameter, represents the key factor to control the energy profiles of the reactions. A careful analysis of the interactions between the CNTs and the reactive system allowed us to identify the driving force of the catalytic process. The electrostatic term controls the reaction kinetics in the SN2 and syn/anti-E2 reactions. The van der Waals interactions play an important role in the stabilization of the product of the elimination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainah Dorina Marforio
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—C3, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—C3, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Chemical Catalysis—C3, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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2
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Zaleśny R, Chołuj M, Kozłowska J, Bartkowiak W, Luis JM. Vibrational nonlinear optical properties of spatially confined weakly bound complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:24276-24283. [PMID: 28848981 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the theoretical description of the influence of spatial confinement on the electronic and vibrational contributions to (hyper)polarizabilities of two dimeric hydrogen bonded systems, namely HCNHCN and HCNHNC. A two-dimensional analytical potential is employed to render the confining environment (e.g. carbon nanotube). Based on the results of the state-of-the-art calculations, performed at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, we established that: (i) the influence of spatial confinement increases with increasing order of the electrical properties, (ii) the effect of spatial confinement is much larger in the case of the electronic than vibrational contribution (this holds for each order of the electrical properties) and (iii) the decrease in the static nuclear relaxation first hyperpolarizability upon the increase of confinement strength is mainly due to changes in the harmonic term, however, in the case of nuclear relaxation second hyperpolarizability the anharmonic terms contribute more to the drop of this property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zaleśny
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Marta Chołuj
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kozłowska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Bartkowiak
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Roztoczyńska A, Lipkowski P, Kozłowska J, Bartkowiak W. About the nature of halogen bond interaction under the spatial confinement. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:154304. [PMID: 28433010 DOI: 10.1063/1.4980033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, much attention is put toward the description of noncovalent complexes exposed to the high pressure or embedded in confining environments. Such conditions may strongly modify the physical and chemical properties of molecular systems. This study focuses on the theoretical description of the confinement induced changes in geometry and energetic parameters of the halogen bonded FCl⋯CNF complex. A model analytical potential is applied to render the effect of orbital compression. In order to analyze the nature of halogen bond interaction, in the presence of spatial confinement, the supermolecular approach together with the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory is used. Furthermore, a thorough analysis of topological parameters, characterizing the halogen bond upon orbital compression, is performed within the quantum theory of atoms in molecules. The calculations are carried out using the ωB97x and CCSD(T) methods in connection with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. Among others, the obtained results indicate that the spatial confinement not only modifies the nature of halogen bond interaction but also induces the appearance of a completely new form of the studied FCl⋯CNF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Roztoczyńska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipkowski
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Kozłowska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bartkowiak
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL-50370 Wrocław, Poland
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Aguiar EC, Longo RL, da Silva JBP. Modeling zigzag CNT: dependence of structural and electronic properties on length, and application to encapsulation of HCN and C 2H 2. J Mol Model 2017; 23:144. [PMID: 28364309 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-017-3319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (B3LYP, B3LYP-D2 and wB97XD functionals) was used in finite models of zigzag carbon nanotubes (CNT), (n,0)×k with n = 6-9 and k = 2-4, to systematically investigate the effects of size on their structural and electronic properties. We found that the ratio between the length (L t) and the diameter (d t) of the pristine CNT has to be larger than 2, i.e., L t/d t > 2, in order to provide the observed experimental trends of C=C bond distances, as well as to maintain the atomic charges nearly constant and zero around the center of the tube. Therefore, the concepts of useful length and volume were developed and tested for the encapsulation process of HCN and C2H2 into CNTs. The energies involved in these processes, as well as the changes in molecular structure and electronic properties of the dopants and the CNTs are discussed and rationalized by the amount of charge transferred between dopant and CNT. Graphical Abstract Illustration of zigzag CNT length and diameter ratio in order to represent C=C bond experimental trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo C Aguiar
- Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), 56909-535, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo L Longo
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), 50740-540, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - João Bosco P da Silva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), 50740-540, Recife, PE, Brazil
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5
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Giacinto P, Zerbetto F, Bottoni A, Calvaresi M. CNT-Confinement Effects on the Menshutkin SN2 Reaction: The Role of Nonbonded Interactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4082-92. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Giacinto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G.
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G.
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G.
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “G.
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum − Università di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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6
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Roztoczyńska A, Kozłowska J, Lipkowski P, Bartkowiak W. Hydrogen bonding inside and outside carbon nanotubes: HF dimer as a case study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:2417-27. [PMID: 26701220 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this theoretical work we analyze the noncovalent interactions of molecular complexes formed between the hydrogen bonded HF dimer and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) of different diameters. In particular, the interaction energies of: (i) spatially confined hydrogen fluoride molecules and (ii) HF dimer and the exterior or interior of SWCNTs are investigated. The computations are carried out in a supermolecular manner using the M06-2X exchange-correlation functional. In order to establish the influence of mutual orientation of the hydrogen fluoride dimer and molecular carbon cages on the analyzed energetic parameters energy scans are performed. Furthermore, changes in the charge distribution of the investigated endo- and exohedral complexes are studied employing the Natural Bond Orbital analysis. Among others, the position of the HF dimer with respect to the carbon cages proves to have a significant influence on the analyzed quantities. The results of our study also indicate that the HF dimer interacts stronger with the interior rather than the exterior of SWCNTs. Moreover, a substantial enhancement of the basis set superposition error is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Roztoczyńska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL - 50370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kozłowska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL - 50370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Paweł Lipkowski
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL - 50370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Bartkowiak
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, PL - 50370 Wrocław, Poland.
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Abstract
The halogen bond occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. In this fairly extensive review, after a brief history of the interaction, we will provide the reader with a snapshot of where the research on the halogen bond is now, and, perhaps, where it is going. The specific advantages brought up by a design based on the use of the halogen bond will be demonstrated in quite different fields spanning from material sciences to biomolecular recognition and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Cavallo
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
- VTT-Technical
Research Centre of Finland, Biologinkuja 7, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Roberto Milani
- VTT-Technical
Research Centre of Finland, Biologinkuja 7, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tullio Pilati
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Department
of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere
University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Resnati
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Terraneo
- Laboratory
of Nanostructured Fluorinated Materials (NFMLab), Department of Chemistry,
Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via L. Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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8
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Chung LW, Sameera WMC, Ramozzi R, Page AJ, Hatanaka M, Petrova GP, Harris TV, Li X, Ke Z, Liu F, Li HB, Ding L, Morokuma K. The ONIOM Method and Its Applications. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5678-796. [PMID: 25853797 DOI: 10.1021/cr5004419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lung Wa Chung
- †Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - W M C Sameera
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Romain Ramozzi
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Alister J Page
- §Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Miho Hatanaka
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Galina P Petrova
- ∥Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, Bulgaria Boulevard James Bourchier 1, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Travis V Harris
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan.,⊥Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, New York 13126, United States
| | - Xin Li
- #State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- ∇School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- ○Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- ■School of Ocean, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Lina Ding
- ▲School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Keiji Morokuma
- ‡Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, 34-4 Takano Nishihiraki-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
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10
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Sutradhar D, Chandra AK, Zeegers-Huyskens T. A theoretical investigation of the interaction between fluorinated dimethyl ethers and molecular chlorine. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.911984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Lipkowski P, Kozłowska J, Roztoczyńska A, Bartkowiak W. Hydrogen-bonded complexes upon spatial confinement: structural and energetic aspects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1430-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53583e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Munusamy E, Wheeler SE. Endohedral and exohedral complexes of substituted benzenes with carbon nanotubes and graphene. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:094703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4819908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Venkatesan S, Lee SL. Computational investigation on microsolvation of the osmolyte glycine betaine [GB (H(2)O)(1-7)]. J Mol Model 2012; 18:5017-28. [PMID: 22736222 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The preferential interactions of glycine betaine (GB) with solvent components and the effect of solvent on its stability have been examined. In particular, the microsolvation of organic osmolyte and widely important osmoprotectant in nature as glycine betaine has been reported by using M06 method. A number of configurations (b(X) (a-z)) of the clusters for one to seven water molecules (× = 1-7) have been considered for the microsolvation. Structures of stable conformers are obtained and denoted as b1a, b2a, b3a, b4a, b5a, b6a and b7a. It is observed from the interaction energy difference (∆E) that only seven water molecules can be accommodated in the first solvation shell to stabilize GB. It is also observed that the calculated relative energy using M06 is in close agreement with calculations at the MP2 level of theory.
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