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Bhattacharya A, Singh PJ, Das S. UV-VUV absorption spectra of azido-based energetic plasticizer bis(1,3-diazido prop-2-yl)malonate in gas phase. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:014303. [PMID: 38174794 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet photo-absorption spectra of azido (-N3)-based energetic plasticizer, bis(1,3-diazido-prop-2-yl)-malonate (abbreviated as BDAzPM), in the gas phase is recorded at room temperature and in the photon energy range of 5.5-9.9 eV using a synchrotron radiation source. Complementary computational results obtained using the time-dependent density functional theory document the vertical transition energies and oscillator strengths. Comparison of the simulated spectra with the experimental absorption spectrum of BDAzPM reveals that the early part of the absorption spectrum of BDAzPM is of pure valence excitation character, whereas the later intense part of the absorption spectrum is dominated by mixed Rydberg and valence electronic excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, GITAM, Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Param Jeet Singh
- Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Mumbai, India and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Suman Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, GITAM, Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, India
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2
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Saqib M, Izadi F, Isierhienrhien LU, Ončák M, Denifl S. Decomposition of triazole and 3-nitrotriazole upon low-energy electron attachment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13892-13901. [PMID: 37183636 PMCID: PMC10207873 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01162c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Compounds based on nitrotriazole have been studied for their application as potential radiosensitizers for the treatment of tumors and as energetic materials. In the former application, the initial reduction of the compounds may serve as a mechanism which leads to the formation of tumor-active species. In this study, we investigated the fundamental properties of anion formation in isolated 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole (3NTR) molecules upon attachment of low-energy electrons. The resulting product anions formed were detected via mass spectrometry. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to study the dissociation pathways and to derive the threshold energies. We also studied the attachment of electrons to the native 1H-1,2,4-triazole (TR) molecule, revealing the influence of the nitro group on anion formation. Comparing the results for these two systems, we computationally observed a considerable more stable parent anion for 3NTR, which results in significantly more effective degradation of the molecule at lower electron energies. Although characteristic fragmentation reactions in the presence of the nitro group were observed (like formation of NO2- or the release of an OH radical), the main dissociation channel for the 3NTR anion turned out to be the direct dissociation of a hydrogen radical by a single bond cleavage, which we also observed for TR as the main channel. Thus, the triazole ring shows a pronounced stability against electron attachment-induced cleavage compared, for example, to the imidazole ring, which is found in common nitroimidazolic radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Farhad Izadi
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Leon U Isierhienrhien
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Stephan Denifl
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences Innsbruck, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Manipulation of planar structure of 1,2,5- and 1,3,4-triazoles and the pseudo Jahn–Teller effect in their 1-pnictogen derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0567-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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4
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Palmer MH, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Peterson KA, Aitken RA, Rouxel C. The photoelectron spectra of the isomeric 1- and 2-methyltetrazoles; their equilibrium structures and vibrational analysis by ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034305. [PMID: 30037262 DOI: 10.1063/1.5041249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New synchrotron based studies of the photoelectron ionization spectra (PES) for the isomeric 1- and 2-methyltetrazoles (1- and 2-MeTet) show markedly higher resolution than previous reports. The unusual spectral profiles suggest that a considerable overlay of the ionic states occurs for both molecules. Under these circumstances of near degeneracy of two or more ionic states, mutual annihilation of vibrational fine structure occurs for all except the strongest vibrational states; the PES just reflects the resultants rather than full spectra. Theoretical determination of the adiabatic ionization energies (AIEs) proved a challenge; the most successful method was second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). These calculations suggest that the lowest PES bands for both isomers contain ionization both from lone pair σ-orbitals (2A') on the N-atoms (LPN) and π-orbitals (2A″). The lowest experimental AIEs are as follows: 1-MeTet is 10.315 eV assigned to 12A', while 2-MeTet is 10.543 eV assigned to 12A″. Franck-Condon analysis shows that the lowest ionization energy regions of both spectra are dominated by IE from the LPN2A' manifold, even though the 2A″ states have a higher absolute intensity. In this example, we have utilized a VUV Rydberg state to assist simplification of the PES; more frequently, the PES assignment is simpler and assists the location of Rydberg states in the VUV. The very slow spectral onset for 2-MeTet demonstrates the importance of vertical ionization energy calculations since maxima are more readily measured than slow onsets. These were performed at the equilibrium structure of the X1A' state, using both multi-reference multi-root configuration interaction and the ionization potential variant of the equations-of-motion coupled cluster method, with single and double excitations (EOMIP-CCSD). This enabled the principal ionization bands to be identified over a wider range of energy. Attempts to study the higher ionic states by EOMIP-CCSD showed that several states of each symmetry are close to degenerate for 1-MeTet, in particular. A multi-configuration self-consistent field study confirmed the small separation of ionic states, but state switching during the optimization process largely disabled this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Palmer
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Grazioli
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Søren Vrønning Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kirk A Peterson
- Washington State University, Department of Chemistry, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
| | - R Alan Aitken
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Cécile Rouxel
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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Palmer MH, Ridley T, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Zhang T, Biczysko M, Baiardi A, Peterson K. Interpretation of the photoelectron, ultraviolet, and vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectra of bromobenzene by ab initio configuration interaction and DFT computations. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:164303. [PMID: 26520509 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New photoelectron, ultraviolet (UV), and vacuum UV (VUV) spectra have been obtained for bromobenzene by synchrotron study with higher sensitivity and resolution than previous work. This, together with use of ab initio calculations with both configuration interaction and time dependent density functional theoretical methods, has led to major advances in interpretation. The VUV spectrum has led to identification of a considerable number of Rydberg states for the first time. The Franck-Condon (FC) analyses including both hot and cold bands lead to identification of the vibrational structure of both ionic and electronically excited states including two Rydberg states. The UV onset has been interpreted in some detail, and an interpretation based on the superposition of FC and Herzberg-Teller contributions has been performed. In a similar way, the 6 eV absorption band which is poorly resolved is analysed in terms of the presence of two ππ* states of (1)A1 (higher oscillator strength) and (1)B2 (lower oscillator strength) symmetries, respectively. The detailed analysis of the vibrational structure of the 2(2)B1 ionic state is particularly challenging, and the best interpretation is based on equation-of-motion-coupled cluster with singles and doubles computations. A number of equilibrium structures of the ionic and singlet excited states show that the molecular structure is less subject to variation than corresponding studies for iodobenzene. The equilibrium structures of the 3b13s and 6b23s (valence shell numbering) Rydberg states have been obtained and compared with the corresponding ionic limit structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Palmer
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Ridley
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Søren Vrønning Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-IMIP, Montelibretti, c/o Laboratorio Elettra, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Biczysko
- National Research Council ICCOM-CNR, UOS di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kirk Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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Palmer MH, Ridley T, Vrønning Hoffmann S, Jones NC, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Zhang T, Biczysko M, Baiardi A, Peterson KA. Combined theoretical and experimental study of the valence, Rydberg, and ionic states of chlorobenzene. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:124302. [PMID: 27036443 DOI: 10.1063/1.4944078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New photoelectron (PE) and ultra violet (UV) and vacuum UV (VUV) spectra have been obtained for chlorobenzene by synchrotron study with higher sensitivity and resolution than previous work and are subjected to detailed analysis. In addition, we report on the mass-resolved (2 + 1) resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectra of a jet-cooled sample. Both the VUV and REMPI spectra have enabled identification of a considerable number of Rydberg states for the first time. The use of ab initio calculations, which include both multi-reference multi-root doubles and singles configuration interaction (MRD-CI) and time dependent density functional theoretical (TDDFT) methods, has led to major advances in interpretation of the vibrational structure of the ionic and electronically excited states. Franck-Condon (FC) analyses of the PE spectra, including both hot and cold bands, indicate much more complex envelopes than previously thought. The sequence of ionic states can be best interpreted by our multi-configuration self-consistent field computations and also by comparison of the calculated vibrational structure of the B and C ionic states with experiment; these conclusions suggest that the leading sequence is the same as that of iodobenzene and bromobenzene, namely: X(2)B1(3b1 (-1)) < A(2)A2(1a2 (-1)) < B(2)B2(6b2 (-1)) < C(2)B1(2b1 (-1)). The absorption onset near 4.6 eV has been investigated using MRD-CI and TDDFT calculations; the principal component of this band is (1)B2 and an interpretation based on the superposition of FC and Herzberg-Teller contributions has been performed. The other low-lying absorption band near 5.8 eV is dominated by a (1)A1 state, but an underlying weak (1)B1 state (πσ(∗)) is also found. The strongest band in the VUV spectrum near 6.7 eV is poorly resolved and is analyzed in terms of two ππ(∗) states of (1)A1 (higher oscillator strength) and (1)B2 (lower oscillator strength) symmetries, respectively. The calculated vertical excitation energies of these two states are critically dependent upon the presence of Rydberg functions in the basis set, since both manifolds are strongly perturbed by the Rydberg states in this energy range. A number of equilibrium structures of the ionic and singlet excited states show that the molecular structure is less subject to variation than corresponding studies for iodobenzene and bromobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Palmer
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Trevor Ridley
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Søren Vrønning Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Basovizza Area Science Park, 1-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malgorzata Biczysko
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kirk A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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Bergamini L, Voliani V, Cappello V, Nifosì R, Corni S. Non-linear optical response by functionalized gold nanospheres: identifying design principles to maximize the molecular photo-release. NANOSCALE 2015. [PMID: 26206491 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03037d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study by Voliani et al. [Small, 2011, 7, 3271], the electromagnetic field enhancement in the vicinity of the gold nanoparticle surface has been exploited to achieve photocontrolled release of a molecular cargo conjugated to the nanoparticles via 1,2,3-triazole, a photocleavable moiety. The aim of the present study is to investigate the mechanism of the photorelease by characterizing the nanoparticle aggregation status within the cells and simulating the electric field enhancement in a range of experimentally realistic geometries, such as single Au nanoparticles, dimers, trimers and random aggregates. Two plasmon-enhanced processes are examined for triazole photocleavage, i.e. three-photon excitation and third-harmonic-generation (one-photon) excitation. Taking into account the absorption cross sections of the triazole, we conclude that the latter mechanism is more efficient, and provides a photocleavage rate that explains the experimental findings. Moreover, we determine which aggregate geometries are required to maximize the field enhancement, and the dependence of such enhancement on the excitation wavelength. Our results provide design principles for maximizing the multiphoton molecular photorelease by such functionalized gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bergamini
- Centro S3, CNR Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Palmer MH, Ridley T, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Biczysko M, Baiardi A, Limão-Vieira P. Interpretation of the vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectrum of iodobenzene by ab initio computations. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:134302. [PMID: 25854238 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of many Rydberg states in iodobenzene, especially from the first and fourth ionization energies (IE1 and IE4, X(2)B1 and C(2)B1), has become possible using a new ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) absorption spectrum, in the region 29 000-87 000 cm(-1) (3.60-10.79 eV), measured at room temperature with synchrotron radiation. A few Rydberg states based on IE2 (A(2)A2) were found, but those based on IE3 (B(2)B2) are undetectable. The almost complete absence of observable Rydberg states relating to IE2 and IE3 (A(2)A2 and B(2)B2, respectively) is attributed to them being coupled to the near-continuum, high-energy region of Rydberg series converging on IE1. Theoretical studies of the UV and VUV spectra used both time-dependent density functional (TDDFT) and multi-reference multi-root doubles and singles-configuration interaction methods. The theoretical adiabatic excitation energies, and their corresponding vibrational profiles, gave a satisfactory interpretation of the experimental results. The calculations indicate that the UV onset contains both 1(1)B1 and 1(1)B2 states with very low oscillator strength, while the 2(1)B1 state was found to lie under the lowest ππ(∗) 1(1)A1 state. All three of these (1)B1 and (1)B2 states are excitations into low-lying σ(∗) orbitals. The strongest VUV band near 7 eV contains two very strong ππ(∗) valence states, together with other weak contributors. The lowest Rydberg 4b16s state (3(1)B1) is very evident as a sharp multiplet near 6 eV; its position and vibrational structure are well reproduced by the TDDFT results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Palmer
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Ridley
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Søren Vrønning Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, ISA, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nykola C Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, ISA, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Montelibretti, c/o Laboratorio Elettra, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Malgorzata Biczysko
- National Research Council ICCOM-CNR, UOS di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paulo Limão-Vieira
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Palmer MH, Ridley T, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Biczysko M, Baiardi A. The ionic states of iodobenzene studied by photoionization andab initioconfiguration interaction and DFT computations. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:134301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4916120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Palmer
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor Ridley
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Søren Vrønning Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nykola C. Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-IMIP, Montelibretti, c/o Laboratorio Elettra, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Cesare Grazioli
- CNR-IOM Laboratorio TASC, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Biczysko
- National Research Council ICCOM-CNR, UOS di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Schulze B, Schubert US. Beyond click chemistry – supramolecular interactions of 1,2,3-triazoles. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2522-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60386e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 583] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Belskaya N, Subbotina J, Lesogorova S. Synthesis of 2H-1,2,3-Triazoles. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2014_125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Palmer MH, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Smith ER, Lichtenberger DL. The electronic states of pyridine-N-oxide studied by VUV photoabsorption andab initioconfiguration interaction computations. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:214317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Palmer MH, Camp PJ, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Head AR, Lichtenberger DL. The electronic states of 1,2,4-triazoles: A study of 1H- and 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole by vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and a comparison withab initioconfiguration interaction computations. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:094310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3692164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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