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Yuan Y, Patel RK, Banik S, Reta TB, Bisht RS, Fong DD, Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Ramanathan S. Proton Conducting Neuromorphic Materials and Devices. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9733-9784. [PMID: 39038231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence hardware generally aims to emulate features found in biological neural circuit components and to enable the development of energy-efficient machines. In the biological brain, ionic currents and temporal concentration gradients control information flow and storage. It is therefore of interest to examine materials and devices for neuromorphic computing wherein ionic and electronic currents can propagate. Protons being mobile under an external electric field offers a compelling avenue for facilitating biological functionalities in artificial synapses and neurons. In this review, we first highlight the interesting biological analog of protons as neurotransmitters in various animals. We then discuss the experimental approaches and mechanisms of proton doping in various classes of inorganic and organic proton-conducting materials for the advancement of neuromorphic architectures. Since hydrogen is among the lightest of elements, characterization in a solid matrix requires advanced techniques. We review powerful synchrotron-based spectroscopic techniques for characterizing hydrogen doping in various materials as well as complementary scattering techniques to detect hydrogen. First-principles calculations are then discussed as they help provide an understanding of proton migration and electronic structure modification. Outstanding scientific challenges to further our understanding of proton doping and its use in emerging neuromorphic electronics are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yuan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ranjan Kumar Patel
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Suvo Banik
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tadesse Billo Reta
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Ravindra Singh Bisht
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Dillon D Fong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Subramanian K R S Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Aydin H, Korte C, Janek J. 18O-tracer diffusion along nanoscaled Sc 2O 3/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) multilayers: on the influence of strain. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2013; 14:035007. [PMID: 27877580 PMCID: PMC5090511 DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/14/3/035007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen tracer diffusion coefficient describing transport along nano-/microscaled YSZ/Sc2O3 multilayers as a function of the thick-ness of the ion-conducting YSZ layers has been measured by isotope exchange depth profiling (IEDP), using secondary ion mass spec-trometry (SIMS). The multilayer samples were prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on (0001) Al2O3 single crystalline substrates. The values for the oxygen tracer diffusion coefficient were analyzed as a combination of contributions from bulk and interface contributions and compared with results from YSZ/Y2O3-multilayers with similar microstructure. Using the Nernst-Einstein equation as the relation between diffusivity and electrical conductivity we find very good agreement between conductivity and diffusion data, and we exclude substantial electronic conductivity in the multilayers. The effect of hetero-interface transport can be well explained by a simple interface strain model. As the multilayer samples consist of columnar film crystallites with a defined inter-face structure and texture, we also discuss the influence of this particular microstructure on the interfacial strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halit Aydin
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Carsten Korte
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung (IEK-3: Brennstoffzellen), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig Universität Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
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Hinterberg J, Zacherle T, De Souza RA. Activation volume tensor for oxygen-vacancy migration in strained CeO2 electrolytes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:205901. [PMID: 25167429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.205901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We examine the effect of mechanical strain on the migration of oxygen vacancies in fluorite-structured ceria by means of density functional theory calculations. Different strain states (uniaxial, biaxial and isotropic) and strain magnitudes (up to ± 7%) are considered. From the calculations we extract the complete activation volume tensor for oxygen-vacancy migration in CeO(2), that is, all diagonal ΔV(mig,kk) and off-diagonal ΔV(mig,kl) tensor elements. These individual tensor elements are found, crucially, to be independent of strain state; they do, however, depend on stress (ΔV(mig,kk)) or effective pressure (ΔV(mig,kl)). Armed with knowledge of all tensor elements we predict strain states for which oxygen-ion transport in ceria is maximized. In general, with our approach the effect of an arbitrary strain state on the migration barrier for mass transport in a solid can be calculated quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hinterberg
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-FIT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Zacherle
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-FIT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - R A De Souza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University and JARA-FIT, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Aydin H, Korte C, Rohnke M, Janek J. Oxygen tracer diffusion along interfaces of strained Y2O3/YSZ multilayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1944-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43231e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dyer MS, Darling GR, Claridge JB, Rosseinsky MJ. Chemical Bonding and Atomic Structure in Y2O3:ZrO2-SrTiO3 Layered Heterostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 124:3474-3478. [PMID: 25821251 PMCID: PMC4373140 DOI: 10.1002/ange.201108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Dyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool, L69 7ZD (UK)
| | - George R Darling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool, L69 7ZD (UK)
| | - John B Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool, L69 7ZD (UK)
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Dyer MS, Darling GR, Claridge JB, Rosseinsky MJ. Chemical Bonding and Atomic Structure in Y2O3:ZrO2-SrTiO3 Layered Heterostructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:3418-22. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rivera-Calzada A, Diaz-Guillen MR, Dura OJ, Sanchez-Santolino G, Pennycook TJ, Schmidt R, Bruno FY, Garcia- Barriocanal J, Sefrioui Z, Nemes NM, Garcia-Hernandez M, Varela M, Leon C, Pantelides ST, Pennycook SJ, Santamaria J. Tailoring interface structure in highly strained YSZ/STO heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:5268-5274. [PMID: 22299141 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Cai Z, Kuru Y, Han JW, Chen Y, Yildiz B. Surface electronic structure transitions at high temperature on perovskite oxides: the case of strained La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 thin films. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:17696-704. [PMID: 21913726 DOI: 10.1021/ja2059445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In-depth probing of the surface electronic structure on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes, considering the effects of high temperature, oxygen pressure, and material strain state, is essential toward advancing our understanding of the oxygen reduction activity on them. Here, we report the surface structure, chemical state, and electronic structure of a model transition metal perovskite oxide system, strained La(0.8)Sr(0.2)CoO(3) (LSC) thin films, as a function of temperature up to 450 °C in oxygen partial pressure of 10(-3) mbar. Both the tensile and the compressively strained LSC film surfaces transition from a semiconducting state with an energy gap of 0.8-1.5 eV at room temperature to a metallic-like state with no energy gap at 200-300 °C, as identified by in situ scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The tensile strained LSC surface exhibits a more enhanced electronic density of states (DOS) near the Fermi level following this transition, indicating a more highly active surface for electron transfer in oxygen reduction. The transition to the metallic-like state and the relatively more enhanced DOS on the tensile strained LSC at elevated temperatures result from the formation of oxygen vacancy defects, as supported by both our X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations. The reversibility of the semiconducting-to-metallic transitions of the electronic structure discovered here, coupled to the strain state and temperature, underscores the necessity of in situ investigations on SOFC cathode material surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhua Cai
- Laboratory for Electrochemical Interfaces, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Li ZP, Mori T, Ye F, Ou D, Zou J, Drennan J. Ordered structures of defect clusters in gadolinium-doped ceria. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:224708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3599089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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