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Dong Y, Tao Y, Feng R, Zhang Y, Duan Z, Cao H. Phonon dissipation in friction with commensurate-incommensurate transition between graphene membranes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:285711. [PMID: 32252042 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab86ec] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To examine phonon transport during the friction process of commensurate-incommensurate transition, the vibrational density of states of contact surfaces is calculated based on molecular dynamics simulations. The results indicate that, compared with the static state, the relative sliding of the contact surfaces causes a blue shift in the interfacial phonon spectrum in or close to commensurate contact, whereas the contrast of the phonon spectrum in incommensurate contact is almost indiscernible. Further findings suggest that the cause of friction can be attributed to the excitation of new in-plane acoustic modes, which provide the most efficient energy dissipation channels in the friction process. In addition, when the tip and the substrate are subjected to a same biaxial compressive/tensile strain, fewer new acoustic modes are excited than in the no strain case. Thus, the friction can be controlled by applying in-plane strain even in commensurate contact. The contribution of the excited acoustic modes to friction at various frequency bands is also calculated, which provides theoretical guidance for controlling friction by adjusting excitation phonon modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dong
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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2
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Lebedeva IV, Popov AM. Two Phases with Different Domain Wall Networks and a Reentrant Phase Transition in Bilayer Graphene under Strain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:116101. [PMID: 32242692 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.116101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The analytical two-chain Frenkel-Kontorova model is used to describe domain wall networks in bilayer graphene upon biaxial stretching of one of the layers. We show that the commensurate-incommensurate phase transition leading to formation of a regular triangular domain wall network at the relative biaxial elongation of 3.0×10^{-3} is followed by the transition to another incommensurate phase with a striped network at the elongation of 3.7×10^{-3}. The reentrant transition to the phase with a triangular domain wall network is predicted for the elongation ∼10^{-2}.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey M Popov
- Institute for Spectroscopy of Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
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Thomas LK, Reichling M. Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by STM. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:804-810. [PMID: 31019867 PMCID: PMC6466726 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present strong experimental evidence for the moiré origin of superlattices on graphite by imaging a live transition from one superlattice to another with concurrent and direct measurement of the orientation angle before and after rotation using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This has been possible due to a fortuitous observation of a superlattice on a nanometer-sized graphene flake wherein we have induced a further rotation of the flake utilizing the capillary forces at play at a solid-liquid interface using STM tip motion. We propose a more "realistic" tip-surface meniscus relevant to STM at solid-liquid interfaces and show that the capillary force is sufficient to account for the total expenditure of energy involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loji K Thomas
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Physics, S. B College, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, 686101, India
| | - Michael Reichling
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 7, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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4
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Calvo-Almazán I, Sacchi M, Tamtögl A, Bahn E, Koza MM, Miret-Artés S, Fouquet P. Ballistic Diffusion in Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons on Graphite. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5285-5290. [PMID: 27973887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work presents an experimental picture of molecular ballistic diffusion on a surface, a process that is difficult to pinpoint because it generally occurs on very short length scales. By combining neutron time-of-flight data with molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations, we provide a complete description of the ballistic translations and rotations of a polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) adsorbed on the basal plane of graphite. Pyrene, C16H10, adsorbed on graphite is a unique system, where at relative surface coverages of about 10-20% its mean free path matches the experimentally accessible time/space scale of neutron time-of-flight spectroscopy (IN6 at the Institut Laue-Langevin). The comparison between the diffusive behavior of large and small PAHs such as pyrene and benzene adsorbed on graphite brings a strong experimental indication that the interaction between molecules is the dominating mechanism in the surface diffusion of polyaromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed on graphite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Calvo-Almazán
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J. J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Sacchi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey , GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Anton Tamtögl
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , J. J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuel Bahn
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Marek M Koza
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Salvador Miret-Artés
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Serrano 123, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Fouquet
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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5
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Kratzer M, Teichert C. Thin film growth of aromatic rod-like molecules on graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:292001. [PMID: 27299472 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/29/292001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on graphene (Gr) is a vastly expanding field due to its potential for technological applications. Its close structural and chemical relationship to conjugated organic molecules makes it a superior candidate as a transparent electrode material in organic electronics and optoelectronics. The growth of organic thin films-intensively investigated in the past few decades-has demonstrated the complexity in growth and nucleation processes arising from the anisotropy and spatial extension of the molecular building blocks. Choosing the small, conjugated rod-like molecules para-hexaphenyl and pentacene as model representatives for small organic molecules, we review recent findings in organic thin film growth on a variety of Gr substrates. Special attention is paid to the differences in the resulting growth arising from the various methods of Gr fabrication and support that affect both the Gr-molecule interfacing and the involved molecular diffusion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kratzer
- Institute of Physics, Montanuiversität Leoben, Franz Josef Straße 18, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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6
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Lebedev AV, Lebedeva IV, Knizhnik AA, Popov AM. Interlayer interaction and related properties of bilayer hexagonal boron nitride: ab initio study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20882c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of hexagonal boron nitride bilayer related to interlayer interaction (width and formation energy of dislocations, shear mode frequency, etc.) are estimated by approximation of potential energy surface by first Fourier harmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina V. Lebedeva
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and ETSF Scientific Development Centre
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU
- San Sebastian E-20018
- Spain
| | - Andrey A. Knizhnik
- Kintech Lab Ltd
- Moscow 123182
- Russia
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
- Moscow 123182
| | - Andrey M. Popov
- Institute for Spectroscopy of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 142190
- Russia
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7
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Popov AM, Lebedeva IV, Knizhnik AA, Lozovik YE, Potapkin BV, Poklonski NA, Siahlo AI, Vyrko SA. AA stacking, tribological and electronic properties of double-layer graphene with krypton spacer. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:154705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4824298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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8
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Xu Z, Li X, Yakobson BI, Ding F. Interaction between graphene layers and the mechanisms of graphite's superlubricity and self-retraction. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:6736-6741. [PMID: 23793933 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01854g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Graphene layer-layer interaction is explored as a function of the misorientation angle. A stepwise potential energy surface (PES), where the optimized commensurate configuration (AB stacking) corresponds to the global minimum and all incommensurate configurations correspond to nearly equal energies, is shown. The stepwise behavior is attributed to the alternating appearance of AB and AA stacking-like areas and the transition areas between them. Further, the PES of most incommensurate configurations is found to be ultra-smooth. Based on this, the puzzling experimental observation of graphite flake self-retraction is successfully explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Xu
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Alden JS, Tsen AW, Huang PY, Hovden R, Brown L, Park J, Muller DA, McEuen PL. Strain solitons and topological defects in bilayer graphene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11256-60. [PMID: 23798395 PMCID: PMC3710814 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1309394110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilayer graphene has been a subject of intense study in recent years. The interlayer registry between the layers can have dramatic effects on the electronic properties: for example, in the presence of a perpendicular electric field, a band gap appears in the electronic spectrum of so-called Bernal-stacked graphene [Oostinga JB, et al. (2007) Nature Materials 7:151-157]. This band gap is intimately tied to a structural spontaneous symmetry breaking in bilayer graphene, where one of the graphene layers shifts by an atomic spacing with respect to the other. This shift can happen in multiple directions, resulting in multiple stacking domains with soliton-like structural boundaries between them. Theorists have recently proposed that novel electronic states exist at these boundaries [Vaezi A, et al. (2013) arXiv:1301.1690; Zhang F, et al. (2013) arXiv:1301.4205], but very little is known about their structural properties. Here we use electron microscopy to measure with nanoscale and atomic resolution the widths, motion, and topological structure of soliton boundaries and related topological defects in bilayer graphene. We find that each soliton consists of an atomic-scale registry shift between the two graphene layers occurring over 6-11 nm. We infer the minimal energy barrier to interlayer translation and observe soliton motion during in situ heating above 1,000 °C. The abundance of these structures across a variety of samples, as well as their unusual properties, suggests that they will have substantial effects on the electronic and mechanical properties of bilayer graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lola Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
| | - Jiwoong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, and
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, and
| | - Paul L. McEuen
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, and
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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10
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Hod O. The Registry Index: A Quantitative Measure of Materials′ Interfacial Commensurability. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:2376-91. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Jafary-Zadeh M, Reddy C, Zhang YW. Effect of temperature on kinetic nanofriction of a Brownian adparticle. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Barriers to motion and rotation of graphene layers based on measurements of shear mode frequencies. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Xu L, Ma TB, Hu YZ, Wang H. Vanishing stick-slip friction in few-layer graphenes: the thickness effect. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 22:285708. [PMID: 21646695 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/28/285708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the thickness dependence of intrinsic friction in few-layer graphenes, adopting molecular dynamics simulations. The friction force drops dramatically with decreasing number of layers and finally approaches zero with two or three layers. The results, which are robust over a wide range of temperature, shear velocity, and pressure are quantitatively explained by a theoretical model with regard to lateral stiffness, slip length, and maximum lateral force, which could provide a new conceptual framework for understanding stick-slip friction. The results reveal the crucial role of the dimensional effect in nanoscale friction, and could be helpful in the design of graphene-based nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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