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Jiang J, Wang HR, Zhao FQ, Xu SY, Ju XH. Decomposition mechanism of 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-trinitroaminobenzene under thermal and shock stimuli using ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3799-3805. [PMID: 36647743 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05509k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To obtain atomic-level insights into the decomposition behavior of 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-trinitroaminobenzene (TNTNB) under different stimulations, this study applied reactive molecular dynamics simulations to illustrate the effects of thermal and shock stimuli on the TNTNB crystal. The results show that the initial decomposition of the TNTNB crystal under both thermal and shock stimuli starts with the breakage of the N-NO2 bond. However, the C6 ring in TNTNB undergoes structural rearrangement to form a C3-C5 bicyclic structure at a constant high temperature. Then, the C3 and C5 rings break in turn. The main final products of TNTNB under shock are N2, CO2, and H2O, while NO, N2, H2O and CO are formed instead at 1 atm under a constant high temperature. Pressure is the main reason for this difference. High pressure promotes the complete oxidation of the reactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Hao-Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Laboratory of Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yu Xu
- Laboratory of Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hai Ju
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
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2
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Zhao P, Perera D, Sewell T. Molecular Dynamics Predictions of Shock‐Induced Pore Collapse in (010)‐Oriented
β
‐HMX: Effects of Sample Thickness and Transverse Orientation, and Run‐To‐Run Variability among Statistically Equivalent Samples. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Puhan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Dilki Perera
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Tommy Sewell
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA
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3
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Zhan S, Duan H, Pan L, Tu J, Jia D, Yang T, Li J. Molecular dynamics simulation of shock-induced microscopic bubble collapse. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8446-8455. [PMID: 33876008 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Shock waves and micro-jets generated during the process of bubble collapse lead to cavitation damage on the surface of materials in hydraulic machinery equipment parts, which is attention. However, research on the dynamics of bubble collapse is still unclear. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the compression and collapse processes of microscopic bubbles under the impact of different velocities for water molecules. The velocities of the shock wave, time of bubble collapse and shock pressure of collapse were obtained. Results showed that higher the impact velocity, shorter is the time of bubble collapse and the higher velocity of the micro-jet. After the bubble collapse, the micro-jet will form secondary water hammer shocks and a greater shock pressure. The water structure appears to undergo a phase change (ice-VII structure) when the velocity of water molecules is 1.0 km s-1. The shock induces the bubble collapse and the micro-jet significantly increases the chemical activity of water molecules; the degree of ionization of water molecules increases with the shock velocity. In addition, the Hugoniot curve of the shock velocity obtained by molecular dynamics simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan 430030, China.
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4
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Jiang J, Liu J, Chen Y, Wu Q, Ju Z, Zhang S. Detonation response mechanism of shocked LLM-105 using ReaxFF-lg and MSST. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2021.1902517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Applied Physics and Chemistry, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiayun Liu
- Beijing Institute of Space Long March Vehicle, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahong Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Wu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Ju
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhai Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Zhao P, Lee S, Sewell T, Udaykumar HS. Tandem Molecular Dynamics and Continuum Studies of Shock‐Induced Pore Collapse in TATB. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Puhan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211–7600
| | - Sangyup Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242
| | - Tommy Sewell
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211–7600
| | - H. S. Udaykumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242
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6
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Zhong M, Qin H, Liu QJ, Jiang CL, Zhao F, Shang HL, Liu FS, Tang B. Effects of different dopant elements on structures, electronic properties, and sensitivity characteristics of nitromethane. J Mol Model 2018; 24:295. [PMID: 30255243 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the doped defects in nitromethane crystals were investigated using first-principles calculations for the first time. We introduce dopant atoms in the interstitial sites of the nitromethane lattice, aiming to study the effects of element-doping on the structural properties, electronic properties, and sensitivity characteristics. The obtained results show that doped defects obviously affect the neighboring nitromethane molecules. The modification of electronic properties shows that the band gaps are significantly influenced by doped defects. Partial density of states and population analysis further reveal the mechanism for sensitivity control of nitromethane. It is shown that the new electronic states were introduced in the forbidden bands and the doped defects resulted in charge redistributions in the systems. Graphical abstract The valence and conduction band edge positions as well as defect levels of pure and X-doped NM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China. .,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Qin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China.,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China. .,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Lu Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China.,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Lin Shang
- National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, People's Republic of China.,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Fang W, Li T, Li F, Sun C, Li Z, Men Z. Controlling cross pumping between C-N and C-H vibration in nitromethane by selective fluorescence-enhanced stimulated Raman scattering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:10132-10141. [PMID: 27137622 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the vibrational features of nitromethane (NM), which is a kind of energy material and a well known low-sensitivity and high explosive, experiments are performed to obtain the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of NM by employing a 532 nm pulsed pump laser. The Raman signal involves two stimulated emissions at 918 and 2,963 cm-1, attributed to the C-N and C-H stretching vibrations, respectively. To overcome the complexity of cross pump in the pure NM, one stimulated Raman radiation is chosen as a pump source to excite the other Raman mode. Two fluorescence dyes were added to selectively enhance each Raman cross section. By internally seeding the Raman gain medium with fluorescent photons, a significant modification in the stimulated Raman scattering spectrum has been observed. The enhanced Stokes emission at 918 cm-1 was able to induce the 2,963 cm-1 vibration mode when the all-trans-β-carotene was internal seeding in the NM, while the Raman radiation at 2,963 cm-1 was enhanced to excite the C-N mode with the addition of m-Cresol purple. The output energy of both 918 and 2,963 cm-1 under different input energy was also measured to illustrate this result.
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8
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Nelson T, Bjorgaard J, Greenfield M, Bolme C, Brown K, McGrane S, Scharff RJ, Tretiak S. Ultrafast Photodissociation Dynamics of Nitromethane. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:519-26. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tammie Nelson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Josiah Bjorgaard
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Margo Greenfield
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Cindy Bolme
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Katie Brown
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Shawn McGrane
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - R. Jason Scharff
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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9
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Fröhlich MG, Sewell TD, Thompson DL. Molecular dynamics simulations of shock waves in hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene melts: mechanical and structural responses. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:024902. [PMID: 24437906 DOI: 10.1063/1.4853695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and structural responses of hydroxyl-terminated cis-1,4-polybutadiene melts to shock waves were investigated by means of all-atom non-reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations were performed using the OPLS-AA force field but with the standard 12-6 Lennard-Jones potential replaced by the Buckingham exponential-6 potential to better represent the interactions at high compression. Monodisperse systems containing 64, 128, and 256 backbone carbon atoms were studied. Supported shock waves were generated by impacting the samples onto stationary pistons at impact velocities of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 km s(-1), yielding shock pressures between approximately 2.8 GPa and 12.5 GPa. Single-molecule structural properties (squared radii of gyration, asphericity parameters, and orientational order parameters) and mechanical properties (density, shock pressure, shock temperature, and shear stress) were analyzed using a geometric binning scheme to obtain spatio-temporal resolution in the reference frame centered on the shock front. Our results indicate that while shear stress behind the shock front is relieved on a ∼0.5 ps time scale, a shock-induced transition to a glass-like state occurs with a concomitant increase of structural relaxation times by several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus G Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, USA
| | - Thomas D Sewell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, USA
| | - Donald L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, USA
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10
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Ge NN, Wei YK, Song ZF, Chen XR, Ji GF, Zhao F, Wei DQ. Anisotropic Responses and Initial Decomposition of Condensed-Phase β-HMX under Shock Loadings via Molecular Dynamics Simulations in Conjunction with Multiscale Shock Technique. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8691-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502432g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ni-Na Ge
- National
Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of
Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
- Key
Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry
of Education, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yong-Kai Wei
- Key
Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry
of Education, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhen-Fei Song
- National
Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of
Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology of Ministry
of Education, College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Guang-Fu Ji
- National
Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of
Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National
Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics, Institute of
Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State
Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 00081, China
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11
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Rivera-Rivera LA, Siavosh-Haghighi A, Sewell TD, Thompson DL. A molecular dynamics study of the relaxation of an excited molecule in crystalline nitromethane. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Cai Y, Zhao FP, An Q, Wu HA, Goddard WA, Luo SN. Shock response of single crystal and nanocrystalline pentaerythritol tetranitrate: Implications to hotspot formation in energetic materials. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:164704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4825400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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13
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Fröhlich MG, Sewell TD. Pivot Algorithm and Push-off Method for Efficient System Generation of All-Atom Polymer Melts: Application to Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus G. Fröhlich
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Columbia; Columbia MO 65211-7600 USA
| | - Thomas D. Sewell
- Department of Chemistry; University of Missouri-Columbia; Columbia MO 65211-7600 USA
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14
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Rivera-Rivera LA, Sewell TD, Thompson DL. Post-shock relaxation in crystalline nitromethane. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:084512. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4792438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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15
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He L, Sewell TD, Thompson DL. Molecular dynamics simulations of shock waves in oriented nitromethane single crystals: Plane-specific effects. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:034501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3676727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Schweigert IV, Dunlap BI. Shattering dissociation in high-energy molecular collisions between nitrate esters. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:114306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3640000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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