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Ideböhn V, Linguerri R, Cornetta LM, Olsson E, Wallner M, Squibb RJ, Couto RC, Karlsson L, Nyman G, Hochlaf M, Eland JHD, Ågren H, Feifel R. Symmetry breaking in core-valence double ionisation of allene. Commun Chem 2023; 6:137. [PMID: 37400533 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00934-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional electron spectroscopy is an established one-electron-at-the-time method for revealing the electronic structure and dynamics of either valence or inner shell ionized systems. By combining an electron-electron coincidence technique with the use of soft X-radiation we have measured a double ionisation spectrum of the allene molecule in which one electron is removed from a C1s core orbital and one from a valence orbital, well beyond Siegbahns Electron-Spectroscopy-for-Chemical-Analysis method. This core-valence double ionisation spectrum shows the effect of symmetry breaking in an extraordinary way, when the core electron is ejected from one of the two outer carbon atoms. To explain the spectrum we present a new theoretical approach combining the benefits of a full self-consistent field approach with those of perturbation methods and multi-configurational techniques, thus establishing a powerful tool to reveal molecular orbital symmetry breaking on such an organic molecule, going beyond Löwdins standard definition of electron correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ideböhn
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics, Origovgen 6B, SE-412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Linguerri
- Universite Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/IMSE, 5 Bd Descartes 77454, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - Lucas M Cornetta
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Emelie Olsson
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics, Origovgen 6B, SE-412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Måns Wallner
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics, Origovgen 6B, SE-412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard J Squibb
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics, Origovgen 6B, SE-412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rafael C Couto
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Karlsson
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Nyman
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Majdi Hochlaf
- Universite Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/IMSE, 5 Bd Descartes 77454, Champs sur Marne, France
| | - John H D Eland
- Oxford University, Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Hans Ågren
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raimund Feifel
- University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics, Origovgen 6B, SE-412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Abstract
Double and triple ionisation spectra of the reactive molecule isocyanic acid (HNCO) have been measured using multi-electron and ion coincidence techniques combined with synchrotron radiation and compared with high-level theoretical calculations. Vertical double ionisation at an energy of 32.8 ± 0.3 eV forms the 3A" ground state in which the HNCO2+ ion is long lived. The vertical triple ionisation energy is determined as 65 ± 1 eV. The core-valence double ionisation spectra resemble the valence photoelectron spectrum in form, and their main features can be understood on the basis of a simple and rather widely applicable Coulomb model based on the characteristics of the molecular orbitals from which electrons are removed. Characteristics of the most important dissociation channels are examined and discussed.
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3
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Wang E, Gong M, Shen Z, Shan X, Ren X, Dorn A, Chen X. Fragmentation dynamics of CS 2 in collisions with 1.0 keV electrons. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:204301. [PMID: 30501250 DOI: 10.1063/1.5059347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissociation dynamics of CS2 molecules in collisions with 1.0 keV electrons is studied. We observe a series of two- and three-body fragmentation channels which are identified from the correlation map between fragment ions. For all of the channels, the kinetic energy release (KER) distributions are obtained. The Dalitz plot and Newton diagram are adopted to analyze the fragmentation dynamics of the three-body dissociation channels. For C S 2 3 + and C S 2 4 + , both the concerted and sequential fragmentation mechanisms are observed where the concerted mechanism dominates. For C S 2 5 + , only the concerted mechanism is observed. Two types of Coulomb explosion models considering the molecular vibration are adopted to simulate the experimental KER distributions of the three-body channels. While obvious deviations are observed considering each ion during the whole dissociation process with an integer charge, good agreement can be achieved within deviation less than 5% if the charge state of the ions are adopted from ab initio calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enliang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Maomao Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhenjie Shen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xueguang Ren
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dorn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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4
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Roos AH, Eland JHD, Andersson J, Zagorodskikh S, Singh R, Squibb RJ, Feifel R. Relative extent of double and single Auger decay in molecules containing C, N and O atoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:25705-25710. [PMID: 27711372 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02414a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that the proportion of double Auger decay following creation of single 1s core holes in molecules containing C, N and O atoms is greater than usually assumed, amounting to about 10% of single Auger decay in many cases. It varies from molecule to molecule, where the size of the molecule has a positive correlation to the amount of double Auger decay. In neon, examined as a related benchmark, the proportion of double Auger decay is similar to that in methane, and is in the order of 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hult Roos
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - J H D Eland
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. and Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - J Andersson
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - S Zagorodskikh
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Singh
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Kivimäki A, Stråhlman C, Richter R, Sankari R. Fragmentation of Methanol Molecules after Core Excitation and Core Ionization Studied by Negative-Ion/Positive-Ion Coincidence Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:224-233. [PMID: 29237124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the fragmentation of the methanol molecule after core excitation and core ionization by observing coincidences between negative and positive ions. Five different negative ions (H-, C-, CH-, O-, and OH-) were observed at both the C 1s and O 1s edges. As negative ion formation occurs after resonant and normal Auger decay of core-hole states, it is necessarily linked with the release of positively charged fragments. Our data show that such fragmentation can happen in many different ways: We found approximately 30 negative-ion/positive-ion/positive-ion coincidence (NIPIPICO) channels. All involve only singly charged positive ions. Fragmentation channels leading to atomic ions are the most probable, but positive molecular ions are also frequently found in the context of anion formation. Coincidence yields as a function of photon energy were determined for the most intense NIPIPICO channels. Adding together the data measured at different photon energies, we could also verify the occurrence of four-ion coincidences, which involved one negative ion (H- or O-) and three positive ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kivimäki
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Stråhlman
- Malmö University , 20506 Malmö, Sweden.,MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Robert Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rami Sankari
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University , P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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Shen Z, Wang E, Gong M, Shan X, Chen X. Fragmentation dynamics of carbonyl sulfide in collision with 500 eV electron. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:234303. [PMID: 28010080 DOI: 10.1063/1.4972064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragmentation dynamics of OCSq+ (q = 2, 3, 4) induced by electron collision at an impact energy of 500 eV is studied. By using the momentum imaging technique, the three dimensional momentum vectors of all the fragments are obtained, which enables us to analyse both the kinetic energy release and the momentum correlations for a certain fragmentation channel. Up to fifteen dissociation channels are analyzed including six, five, and four channels for two-body, and incomplete and complete three-body Coulomb fragmentations. For three-body dissociation, the fragmentation mechanisms are investigated with the help of Dalitz plot and Newton diagram. It is found that the sequential fragmentation involves in OCS2+→O+C++S+ with S+ emitted first and in OCS3+→O++C++S+ with O-C and C-S bonds breaking first. The remaining channels, however, always dissociate through a concerted mechanism. The relative intensities of the channels are also presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Shen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Enliang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Maomao Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Kivimäki A, Stråhlman C, Wasowicz TJ, Kettunen JA, Richter R. Yields and Time-of-Flight Spectra of Neutral High-Rydberg Fragments at the K Edges of the CO2 Molecule. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4360-7. [PMID: 27276338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the production of neutral fragments in high-Rydberg (HR) states at the C 1s and O 1s edges of the CO2 molecule by performing two kinds of experiments. First, the yields of neutral HR fragments were measured indirectly by ionizing such fragments in a static electric field and by collecting resulting singly charged positive ions as a function of the photon energy. Such measurements reveal not only excitations below the core ionization thresholds but also thresholds for single core-hole and shakeup photoionization. Second, we obtained the mass spectra of neutral HR fragments at selected photon energies by exploiting pulsed field ionization; they show atomic fragments C(HR) and O(HR). We discuss dissociation pathways leading to the production of neutral HR fragments in core excitation and ionization of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kivimäki
- CNR - Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM), Laboratorio TASC , 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Tomasz J Wasowicz
- Department of Physics of Electronic Phenomena, Gdansk University of Technology , ul. G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - J A Kettunen
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu , P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert Richter
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste , Area Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Zagorodskikh S, Zhaunerchyk V, Mucke M, Eland J, Squibb R, Karlsson L, Linusson P, Feifel R. Single-photon double and triple ionization of acetaldehyde (ethanal) studied by multi-electron coincidence spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Antoine R, Enjalbert Q, MacAleese L, Dugourd P, Giuliani A, Nahon L. Multiple Electron Ejection from Proteins Resulting from Single-Photon Excitation in the Valence Shell. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1666-1671. [PMID: 26270363 DOI: 10.1021/jz500489s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
One-photon multiple ionization is a signature of dynamical electron correlations in atoms and small molecules, as observed in the Auger process when Auger electron emission follows core-shell ionization. In such a process, the high energy needed to remove several electrons is due to the strong Coulombic attraction between the last departing electron(s) and the ionic core. Multiply negatively charged molecules offer the possibility to overcome the Coulombic attraction, opening the way for multielectron photodetachment following valence shell excitation. Here photodetachment studies have been performed on electrosprayed protein polyanions using vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation coupled to a radiofrequency ion trap. Double, triple, and quadruple electron emissions from protein polyanions resulting from single-photon excitation in the valence shell were observed with ionization thresholds below 20 eV photon energy. This suggests the existence of large electronic correlations in proteins between weakly bound electrons standing on distant sites. Besides, the resulting multiradical polyanions appear to be remarkably stable, an important issue in radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Antoine
- †Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
- ‡UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Quentin Enjalbert
- †Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
- ‡UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Luke MacAleese
- †Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
- ‡UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- †Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne cedex, France
- ‡UMR5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alexandre Giuliani
- ∥SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, St Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
- ⊥INRA, UAR1008, CEPIA, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- ∥SOLEIL, l'Orme des Merisiers, St Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
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Eland JHD, Zagorodskikh S, Squibb RJ, Mucke M, Sorensen SL, Feifel R. Carbon dioxide ion dissociations after inner shell excitation and ionization: The origin of site-specific effects. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:184305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4872218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Hikosaka Y, Shibata Y, Soejima K, Iwayama H, Shigemasa E. Site-specific formation of metastable dications following inner-shell ionization of CO2. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Huttula SM, Lablanquie P, Andric L, Palaudoux J, Huttula M, Sheinerman S, Shigemasa E, Hikosaka Y, Ito K, Penent F. Decay of a 2p inner-shell hole in an Ar(+) ion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:113002. [PMID: 25166528 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurements of the photoelectrons or Auger electrons associated with inner shell ionization of positively charged ions are extremely difficult and rarely realized. We propose an alternative method to simulate such measurements, based on core valence double photoionization of the neutral species. As an example, we obtain the spectroscopy, lifetimes, and Auger decays of the states arising from 2p inner shell ionisation of an Ar(+) ion. Observations compare well with theoretical predictions obtained within multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock formalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Huttula
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - P Lablanquie
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, LCPMR, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - L Andric
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, LCPMR, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and Université Paris-Est, F77454 Marne La Vallee 2, France
| | - J Palaudoux
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, LCPMR, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M Huttula
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - S Sheinerman
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State Maritime Technical University, 198262 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E Shigemasa
- UVSOR Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y Hikosaka
- Department of Environmental Science, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - K Ito
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, Oho, Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - F Penent
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, LCPMR, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France and CNRS, LCPMR (UMR 7614), 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Hikosaka Y, Yamamoto K, Nakano M, Odagiri T, Soejima K, Suzuki IH, Lablanquie P, Penent F, Ito K. Communication: Formation of slow electrons in the Auger decay of core-ionized water molecules. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4768213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Kivimäki A, Alagia M, Richter R. X-ray emission–photoion coincidence spectroscopy of the CO2 molecule at the O 1s edge. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Laksman J, Månsson EP, Grunewald C, Sankari A, Gisselbrecht M, Céolin D, Sorensen SL. Role of the Renner-Teller effect after core hole excitation in the dissociation dynamics of carbon dioxide dication. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:104303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3692293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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