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Matsui H, Ito S, Nakano M. Open-Shell Character Dependences of the Second Hyperpolarizability in Two-Dimensional Tetraradicaloids. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:3680-3687. [PMID: 29562122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The open-shell character dependences of the second hyperpolarizability, γ, are investigated for rectangular-shaped tetraradicaloid models, such as diradical dimers, using numerically exact solutions of the extended Hubbard model. The newly defined local diradical characters for intra- and intermolecular interactions (referred to as yintra and yinter, respectively) are compared to conventional global ones ( y0 and y1) and provide a comprehensive understanding of the electronic structure of the system. The system shows two kinds of enhancements of the γ components, γintra and γinter (caused, respectively, by intra- and intermolecular diradical interactions): (i) a system with a large yintra ( yinter) (>∼0.4) exhibits the enhancement of a single component of γ, γinter (γintra), at the intermediate yinter ( yintra) region (∼0.3-0.4), and (ii) in contrast to conventional diradical systems, the system exhibits a further enhancement of both components of γ (γintra and γinter) at the region where yintra ∼ yinter with small values (≤∼0.3). The obtained relationships are verified by using ab initio quantum chemical calculations of the realistic tertraradical models of a 4,4'-bis(1,2,3,5-dithiazdiazolyl) (BDTDA) dimer and a disilene dimer. The present results are expected to pioneer an alternative class of two-dimensional multiradical NLO systems, which potentially cause further enhancement of γ as compared with conventional intermediate diradical NLO systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsui
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
| | - Soichi Ito
- Institute for Molecular Science and Research Center for Computational Science , 38 Nishigo-Naka , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585 , Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) , Kyoto University, Katsura , Kyoto , Kyoto 615-8520 , Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan.,Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science , Osaka University , Toyonaka , Osaka 560-8531 , Japan
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2
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Muhammad S, Nakano M, Al-Sehemi AG, Kitagawa Y, Irfan A, Chaudhry AR, Kishi R, Ito S, Yoneda K, Fukuda K. Role of a singlet diradical character in carbon nanomaterials: a novel hot spot for efficient nonlinear optical materials. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17998-18020. [PMID: 27722408 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06097h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon atoms have the potential to produce a variety of fascinating all-carbon structures with amazing electronic and mechanical properties. Over the last few decades, several efforts have been made using experimental and computational techniques to functionalize graphene, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes for potential use in modern hi-tech electronic, medicinal, optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. Since photons replaced electrons as a carrier of information, the field of NLO material design has drawn immense interest in contemporary materials science. There have been several reports of bridging the gap between the exciting fields of carbon nanomaterials and NLO materials by functionalizing carbon nanomaterials for potential NLO applications. In contrast to previous reports of the design of third-order NLO materials using conventional closed-shell materials, a novel strategy using open-shell diradical molecular systems has recently been proposed. Quantum chemically, diradical character is explained in terms of the instability of the chemical bonds in open-shell molecular systems. Interestingly, several carbon nanomaterials, which naturally possess open-shell singlet configurations, have recently gained momentum in the design of these classes of open-shell NLO materials with excellent NLO properties, stability and diversity. The present review establishes a systematic sequence of different studies (spanning over two decades of intense research efforts), starting from the simplest theoretical two-site diradical model, continuing to its experimental and theoretical realization in actual chemical systems, and finally applying the abovementioned model/rule to novel carbon nanomaterials to tune their NLO properties, particularly their second hyperpolarizability (γ). In the present report, we highlight several recent efforts to functionalize carbon nanomaterials by exploiting their open-shell diradical character to achieve efficient third-order NLO properties. Several issues and opportunities are discussed, including the inherited disadvantages of both experimental (the high reactivity and short life of diradical compounds) and quantum (need for multi-reference methodology) techniques when dealing with carbon nanomaterials. A comparative analysis of several quantum chemical investigations, along with contemporary experimental results, will be performed to emphasize the core issues and opportunities related to carbon nanomaterials with singlet open-shell diradical character. Thus, the present review will highlight carbon nanomaterials with diradical/biradical character for their prospective applications in the NLO field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. and Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia. and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan. and Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia. and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aijaz R Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Soichi Ito
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
| | - Kyohei Yoneda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nara College, 22 Yata-cho, Yamatokoriyama, Nara, Japan
| | - Kotaro Fukuda
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan.
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Wouters S, Van Speybroeck V, Van Neck D. DMRG-CASPT2 study of the longitudinal static second hyperpolarizability of all-trans polyenes. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:054120. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4959817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Wouters
- Center for Molecular Modelling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Dimitri Van Neck
- Center for Molecular Modelling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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Nakano M, Champagne B. Nonlinear optical properties in open-shell molecular systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016; 6:198-210. [PMID: 30416587 PMCID: PMC6211761 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
For more than 30 years, nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of molecular systems have been actively studied both theoretically and experimentally due to their potential applications in photonics and optoelectronics. Most of the NLO molecular systems are closed-shell species, while recently open-shell molecular species have been theoretically proposed as a new class of NLO systems, which exhibit larger NLO properties than the traditional closed-shell NLO systems. In particular, the third-order NLO property, the second hyperpolarizability γ, was found to be strongly correlated to the diradical character y, which is a quantum-chemically defined index of effective bond weakness or of electron correlation: the γ values are enhanced in the intermediate y region as compared to the closed-shell (y = 0) and pure open-shell (y = 1) domains. This principle has been exemplified by accurate quantum-chemical calculations for polycyclic hydrocarbons including graphene nanoflakes, multinuclear transition-metal complexes, main group compounds, and so on. Subsequently, some of these predictions have been substantiated by experiments, including two-photon absorption. The fundamental mechanism of the y-γ correlation has been explained by using a simple two-site model and the valence configuration interaction method. On the basis of this y-γ principle, several molecular design guidelines for controlling γ have been proposed. They consist in tuning the diradical characters through chemical modifications of realistic open-shell singlet molecules. These results open a new path toward understanding the structure-NLO property relationships and toward realizing a new class of highly efficient NLO materials. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:198-210. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1242.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique University of Namur Namur Belgium
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Hu P, Lee S, Herng TS, Aratani N, Gonçalves TP, Qi Q, Shi X, Yamada H, Huang KW, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Toward Tetraradicaloid: The Effect of Fusion Mode on Radical Character and Chemical Reactivity. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1065-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sangsu Lee
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Théo P. Gonçalves
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingbiao Qi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering and KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy
Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 117602, Singapore
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Coe JP, Paterson MJ. Approaching exact hyperpolarizabilities via sum-over-states Monte Carlo configuration interaction. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:124118. [PMID: 25273423 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose using sum-over-states calculations with the compact wavefunctions of Monte Carlo configuration interaction to approach accurate values for higher-order dipole properties up to second hyperpolarizabilities in a controlled way. We apply the approach to small systems that can generally be compared with full configuration interaction (FCI) results. We consider hydrogen fluoride with a 6-31g basis and then look at results, including frequency dependent properties, in an aug-cc-pVDZ basis. We extend one calculation beyond FCI by using an aug-cc-pVTZ basis. The properties of an H4 molecule with multireference character are calculated in an aug-cc-pVDZ basis. We then investigate this method on a strongly multireference system with a larger FCI space by modelling the properties of carbon monoxide with a stretched geometry. The behavior of the approach with increasing basis size is considered by calculating results for the neon atom using aug-cc-pVDZ to aug-cc-pVQZ. We finally test if the unusual change in polarizability between the first two states of molecular oxygen can be reproduced by this method in a 6-31g basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Coe
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - M J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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Matsui H, Fukuda K, Takamuku S, Sekiguchi A, Nakano M. Theoretical Study on the Relationship between Diradical Character and Second Hyperpolarizabilities of Four-Membered-Ring Diradicals Involving Heavy Main-Group Elements. Chemistry 2014; 21:2157-64. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yoneda K, Nakano M, Fukuda K, Matsui H, Takamuku S, Hirosaki Y, Kubo T, Kamada K, Champagne B. Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of One-Dimensional Open-Shell Molecular Aggregates Composed of Phenalenyl Radicals. Chemistry 2014; 20:11129-36. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Inui T, Shigeta Y, Okuno K, Baba T, Kishi R, Nakano M. Finite-field method with unbiased polarizable continuum model for evaluation of the second hyperpolarizability of an open-shell singlet molecule in solvents. J Comput Chem 2013; 34:2345-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Inui
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka; Osaka; 560-8531; Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka; Osaka; 560-8531; Japan
| | - Katsuki Okuno
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka; Osaka; 560-8531; Japan
| | - Takeshi Baba
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka; Osaka; 560-8531; Japan
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka; Osaka; 560-8531; Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka; Osaka; 560-8531; Japan
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Muhammad S, Fukuda K, Minami T, Kishi R, Shigeta Y, Nakano M. Interplay between the Diradical Character and Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties in Fullerene Systems. Chemistry 2012; 19:1677-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Robinson JB, Knowles PJ. Application of the quasi-variational coupled cluster method to the nonlinear optical properties of model hydrogen systems. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:054301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4738758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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