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Oz A, Nitzan A, Hod O, Peralta JE. Electron Dynamics in Open Quantum Systems: The Driven Liouville-von Neumann Methodology within Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:7496-7504. [PMID: 37852250 PMCID: PMC10653109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A first-principles approach to describe electron dynamics in open quantum systems driven far from equilibrium via external time-dependent stimuli is introduced. Within this approach, the driven Liouville-von Neumann methodology is used to impose open boundary conditions on finite model systems whose dynamics is described using time-dependent density functional theory. As a proof of concept, the developed methodology is applied to simple spin-compensated model systems, including a hydrogen chain and a graphitic molecular junction. Good agreement between steady-state total currents obtained via direct propagation and those obtained from the self-consistent solution of the corresponding Sylvester equation indicates the validity of the implementation. The capability of the new computational approach to analyze, from first principles, non-equilibrium dynamics of open quantum systems in terms of temporally and spatially resolved current densities is demonstrated. Future extensions of the approach toward the description of dynamical magnetization and decoherence effects are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Oz
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Sackler Center for Computational
Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Sackler Center for Computational
Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103, United States
| | - Oded Hod
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, and the Sackler Center for Computational
Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Juan E. Peralta
- Department
of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, United States
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2
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Garzón-Ramírez AJ, Gastellu N, Simine L. Optoelectronic Current through Unbiased Monolayer Amorphous Carbon Nanojunctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1057-1062. [PMID: 35077187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC) is a recently synthesized disordered 2D carbon material. An ensemble of MAC nanofragments contains diverse manifestations of lattice disorder, and because of disorder the key unifying characteristic of this ensemble is poor electronic conductance. Curiously, our computational analysis of the electronic properties of MAC nanofragments revealed an additional commonality: a robust presence of charge-transfer character for electronic transitions from the occupied to virtual orbitals. This charge-transfer property suggests possible applications in optoelectronics. In this Letter, we demonstrate computationally that a laser pulse induces directional electronic currents in unbiased MAC nanojunctions and discuss the effects of pulse intensity on the magnitude of electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Gastellu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Lena Simine
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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3
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Oz I, Hod O, Nitzan A. Evaluation of dynamical properties of open quantum systems using the driven Liouville-von Neumann approach: methodological considerations. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1584338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Oz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL, Israel
- The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL, Israel
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL, Israel
- The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL, Israel
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL, Israel
- The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, IL, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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4
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Beltako K, Michelini F, Cavassilas N, Raymond L. Dynamical photo-induced electronic properties of molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:104301. [PMID: 29544300 DOI: 10.1063/1.5004778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale molecular-electronic devices and machines are emerging as promising functional elements, naturally flexible and efficient, for next-generation technologies. A deeper understanding of carrier dynamics in molecular junctions is expected to benefit many fields of nanoelectronics and power devices. We determine time-resolved charge current flowing at the donor-acceptor interface in molecular junctions connected to metallic electrodes by means of quantum transport simulations. The current is induced by the interaction of the donor with a Gaussian-shape femtosecond laser pulse. Effects of the molecular internal coupling, metal-molecule tunneling, and light-donor coupling on photocurrent are discussed. We then define the time-resolved local density of states which is proposed as an efficient tool to describe the absorbing molecule in contact with metallic electrodes. Non-equilibrium reorganization of hybridized molecular orbitals through the light-donor interaction gives rise to two phenomena: the dynamical Rabi shift and the appearance of Floquet-like states. Such insights into the dynamical photoelectronic structure of molecules are of strong interest for ultrafast spectroscopy and open avenues toward the possibility of analyzing and controlling the internal properties of quantum nanodevices with pump-push photocurrent spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Beltako
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IM2NP, UMR 7334, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - F Michelini
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IM2NP, UMR 7334, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - N Cavassilas
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IM2NP, UMR 7334, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - L Raymond
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IM2NP, UMR 7334, 13288 Marseille, France
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6
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The New Concept of Nano-Device Spectroscopy Based on Rabi–Bloch Oscillations for THz-Frequency Range. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7070721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We considered one-dimensional quantum chains of two-level Fermi particles coupled via the tunneling driven both by ac and dc fields in the regimes of strong and ultrastrong coupling. The frequency of ac field is matched with the frequency of the quantum transition. Based on the fundamental principles of electrodynamics and quantum theory, we developed a general model of quantum dynamics for such interactions. We showed that the joint action of ac and dc fields leads to the strong mutual influence of Rabi- and Bloch oscillations, one to another. We focused on the regime of ultrastrong coupling, for which Bloch- and Rabi-frequencies are significant values of the frequency of interband transition. The Hamiltonian was solved numerically, with account of anti-resonant terms. It manifests by the appearance of a great number of narrow high-amplitude resonant lines in the spectra of tunneling current and dipole moment. We proposed the new concept of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy, which is promising for different applications in future nanoelectronics and nano-photonics.
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7
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Kuperman M, Peskin U. Field-induced inversion of resonant tunneling currents through single molecule junctions and the directional photo-electric effect. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4973891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Kuperman
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Uri Peskin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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8
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Arielly R, Nachman N, Zelinskyy Y, May V, Selzer Y. Picosecond time resolved conductance measurements of redox molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4972073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rani Arielly
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nirit Nachman
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yaroslav Zelinskyy
- Institute für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volkhard May
- Institute für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yoram Selzer
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Galperin M. Photonics and spectroscopy in nanojunctions: a theoretical insight. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:4000-4019. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00067g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Green function methods for photonics and spectroscopy in nanojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of California San Diego
- La Jolla
- USA
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10
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Nemati Aram T, Anghel-Vasilescu P, Asgari A, Ernzerhof M, Mayou D. Modeling of molecular photocells: Application to two-level photovoltaic system with electron-hole interaction. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124116. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4963335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Nemati Aram
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38042, France
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51665-163, Iran
| | | | - Asghar Asgari
- Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51665-163, Iran
- School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernzerhof
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Didier Mayou
- Institut Néel, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble F-38042, France
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11
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Hod O, Rodríguez-Rosario CA, Zelovich T, Frauenheim T. Driven Liouville von Neumann Equation in Lindblad Form. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3278-85. [PMID: 26807992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Driven Liouville von Neumann approach [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2014, 10, 2927-2941] is a computationally efficient simulation method for modeling electron dynamics in molecular electronics junctions. Previous numerical simulations have shown that the method can reproduce the exact single-particle dynamics while avoiding density matrix positivity violation found in previous implementations. In this study we prove that in the limit of infinite lead models the underlying equation of motion can be cast in Lindblad form. This provides a formal justification for the numerically observed density matrix positivity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - César A Rodríguez-Rosario
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen , Am Falturm 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
| | - Tamar Zelovich
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen , Am Falturm 1, Bremen, 28359, Germany
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12
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Gao Y, Galperin M. Optical spectroscopy of molecular junctions: Nonequilibrium Green’s functions perspective. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:174113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4948469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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13
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Ernzerhof M, Bélanger MA, Mayou D, Nemati Aram T. Simple model of a coherent molecular photocell. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:134102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4944468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ernzerhof
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marc-André Bélanger
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succursale A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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14
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Zelinskyy Y, May V. Laser pulse induced transient currents in a molecular junction: Effects of plasmon excitations of the leads. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:224701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Zelinskyy
- Institute für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Metrologichna st., 14-b, UA-03360 Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Volkhard May
- Institute für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstraße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Li G, Fainberg BD, Seideman T. Optically induced transport through semiconductor-based molecular electronics. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:154111. [PMID: 25903870 DOI: 10.1063/1.4917029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A tight binding model is used to investigate photoinduced tunneling current through a molecular bridge coupled to two semiconductor electrodes. A quantum master equation is developed within a non-Markovian theory based on second-order perturbation theory with respect to the molecule-semiconductor electrode coupling. The spectral functions are generated using a one dimensional alternating bond model, and the coupling between the molecule and the electrodes is expressed through a corresponding correlation function. Since the molecular bridge orbitals are inside the bandgap between the conduction and valence bands, charge carrier tunneling is inhibited in the dark. Subject to the dipole interaction with the laser field, virtual molecular states are generated via the absorption and emission of photons, and new tunneling channels open. Interesting phenomena arising from memory are noted. Such a phenomenon could serve as a switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Boris D Fainberg
- Faculty of Science, Holon Institute of Technology, 58102 Holon, Israel
| | - Tamar Seideman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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16
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Ochoa MA, Selzer Y, Peskin U, Galperin M. Pump-Probe Noise Spectroscopy of Molecular Junctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:470-476. [PMID: 26261965 DOI: 10.1021/jz502484z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The slow response of electronic components in junctions limits the direct applicability of pump-probe type spectroscopy in assessing the intramolecular dynamics. Recently the possibility of getting information on a sub-picosecond time scale from dc current measurements was proposed. We revisit the idea of picosecond resolution by pump-probe spectroscopy from dc measurements and show that any intramolecular dynamics not directly related to charge transfer in the current direction is missed by current measurements. We propose a pump-probe dc shot noise spectroscopy as a suitable alternative. Numerical examples of time-dependent and average responses of junctions are presented for generic models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoram Selzer
- ‡School of Chemistry, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Uri Peskin
- §Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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17
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Beyond Molecular Conduction: Optical and Thermal Effects in Molecular Junctions. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118959602.ch12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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18
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Galperin M, Nitzan A. Molecular optoelectronics: the interaction of molecular conduction junctions with light. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:9421-38. [PMID: 22648067 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40636e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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