1
|
Chiera NM, Sato TK, Eichler R, Tomitsuka T, Asai M, Adachi S, Dressler R, Hirose K, Inoue H, Ito Y, Kashihara A, Makii H, Nishio K, Sakama M, Shirai K, Suzuki H, Tokoi K, Tsukada K, Watanabe E, Nagame Y. Chemical Characterization of a Volatile Dubnium Compound, DbOCl
3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M. Chiera
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Ost Switzerland
| | - Tetsuya K. Sato
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University Mito Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
| | - Robert Eichler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Ost Switzerland
| | - Tomohiro Tomitsuka
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata 8050 Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
| | - Sadia Adachi
- Graduate School of Science Tsukuba University Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Rugard Dressler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry Paul Scherrer Institute 5232 Villigen PSI Ost Switzerland
| | - Kentaro Hirose
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata 8050 Japan
| | - Yuta Ito
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
| | - Ayuna Kashihara
- Graduate School of Science Tsukuba University Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Makii
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Nishio
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
| | - Minoru Sakama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tokushima University Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Kaori Shirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Nishi-ku Niigata 8050 Japan
| | - Hayato Suzuki
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University Mito Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tokoi
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Ibaraki University Mito Ibaraki 310-8512 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsukada
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
| | - Eisuke Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-0043 Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nagame
- Advanced Science Research Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai-mura Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiera NM, Sato TK, Eichler R, Tomitsuka T, Asai M, Adachi S, Dressler R, Hirose K, Inoue H, Ito Y, Kashihara A, Makii H, Nishio K, Sakama M, Shirai K, Suzuki H, Tokoi K, Tsukada K, Watanabe E, Nagame Y. Chemical Characterization of a Volatile Dubnium Compound, DbOCl 3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17871-17874. [PMID: 33978998 PMCID: PMC8456785 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The formation and the chemical characterization of single atoms of dubnium (Db, element 105), in the form of its volatile oxychloride, was investigated using the on‐line gas phase chromatography technique, in the temperature range 350–600 °C. Under the exactly same chemical conditions, comparative studies with the lighter homologues of Group 5 in the Periodic Table clearly indicate the volatility sequence being NbOCl3 > TaOCl3 ≥ DbOCl3. From the obtained experimental results, thermochemical data for DbOCl3 were derived. The present study delivers reliable experimental information for theoretical calculations on chemical properties of transactinides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M Chiera
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI Ost, Switzerland
| | - Tetsuya K Sato
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512, Japan
| | - Robert Eichler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI Ost, Switzerland
| | - Tomohiro Tomitsuka
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 8050, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Sadia Adachi
- Graduate School of Science, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Rugard Dressler
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen PSI Ost, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro Hirose
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 8050, Japan
| | - Yuta Ito
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Ayuna Kashihara
- Graduate School of Science, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Makii
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Nishio
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Minoru Sakama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kaori Shirai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 8050, Japan
| | - Hayato Suzuki
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Tokoi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.,Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsukada
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Eisuke Watanabe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nagame
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pershina V. Relativity in the electronic structure of the heaviest elements and its influence on periodicities in properties. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Theoretical chemical studies demonstrated crucial importance of relativistic effects in the physics and chemistry of superheavy elements (SHEs). Performed, with many of them, in a close link to the experimental research, those investigations have shown that relativistic effects determine periodicities in physical and chemical properties of the elements in the chemical groups and rows of the Periodic Table beyond the 6th one. They could, however, also lead to some deviations from the established trends, so that the predictive power of the Periodic Table in this area may be lost. Results of those studies are overviewed here, with comparison to the recent experimental investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1 , D-64291 Darmstadt , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pershina V, Borschevsky A, Iliaš M, Türler A. Theoretical predictions of properties and volatility of chlorides and oxychlorides of group-4 elements. II. Adsorption of tetrachlorides and oxydichlorides of Zr, Hf, and Rf on neutral and modified surfaces. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:064315. [PMID: 25134579 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim to interpret results of gas-phase chromatography experiments on volatility of group-4 tetrachlorides and oxychlorides including those of Rf, adsorption enthalpies of these species on neutral, and modified quartz surfaces were estimated on the basis of relativistic, two-component Density Functional Theory calculations of MCl4, MOCl2, MCl6(-), and MOCl4(2) with the use of adsorption models. Several mechanisms of adsorption were considered. In the case of physisorption of MCl4, the trend in the adsorption energy in the group should be Zr > Hf > Rf, so that the volatility should change in the opposite direction. The latter trend complies with the one in the sublimation enthalpies, ΔH(sub), of the Zr and Hf tetrachlorides, i.e., Zr < Hf. On the basis of a correlation between these quantities, ΔH(sub)(RfCl4) was predicted as 104.2 kJ/mol. The energy of physisorption of MOCl2 on quartz should increase in the group, Zr < Hf < Rf, as defined by increasing dipole moments of these molecules along the series. In the case of adsorption of MCl4 on quartz by chemical forces, formation of the MOCl2 or MOCl4(2-) complexes on the surface can take place, so that the sequence in the adsorption energy should be Zr > Hf > Rf, as defined by the complex formation energies. In the case of adsorption of MCl4 on a chlorinated quartz surface, formation of the MCl6(2-) surface complexes can occur, so that the trend in the adsorption strength should be Zr ≤ Hf < Rf. All the predicted sequences, showing a smooth change of the adsorption energy in the group, are in disagreement with the reversed trend Zr ≈ Rf < Hf, observed in the "one-atom-at-a-time" gas-phase chromatography experiments. Thus, currently no theoretical explanation can be found for the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Planckstr. 1, Darmstadt D-64291, Germany
| | - A Borschevsky
- Helmholtz Institute Mainz, Mainz D-55128, Germany and Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, 0745 North Shore MSC, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - M Iliaš
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Tajovského 40, SK-974 00 Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - A Türler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland and Laboratory for Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Abstract
The chemistry of superheavy elements - or transactinides from their position in the Periodic Table - is summarized. After giving an overview over historical developments, nuclear aspects about synthesis of neutron-rich isotopes of these elements, produced in hot-fusion reactions, and their nuclear decay properties are briefly mentioned. Specific requirements to cope with the one-atom-at-a-time situation in automated chemical separations and recent developments in aqueous-phase and gas-phase chemistry are presented. Exciting, current developments, first applications, and future prospects of chemical separations behind physical recoil separators (“pre-separator”) are discussed in detail. The status of our current knowledge about the chemistry of rutherfordium (Rf, element 104), dubnium (Db, element 105), seaborgium (Sg, element 106), bohrium (Bh, element 107), hassium (Hs, element 108), copernicium (Cn, element 112), and element 114 is discussed from an experimental point of view. Recent results are emphasized and compared with empirical extrapolations and with fully-relativistic theoretical calculations, especially also under the aspect of the architecture of the Periodic Table.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schädel
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan / GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Türler A, Pershina V. Advances in the Production and Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1237-312. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Türler
- Laboratory
of Radiochemistry
and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Radiochemistry
and Environmental Chemistry, Department Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Pershina
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse
1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|