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Ar-Sanork K, Muekhunthod A, Surapanich N, Chaisuwan P. Simple surface modification of polypropylene pipette tips for anchoring of organic monolithic-based materials for micro-solid-phase extraction. Talanta 2024; 276:126294. [PMID: 38781917 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a simple method for the surface modification of polypropylene pipette tips by adsorbing a photo-initiator, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPAP), to create reactive sites for the formation of a layer of ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) and subsequent monolith polymerization. The types of monomers and the degree of crosslinking dramatically affected the monolith shrinkage and detachment in unmodified tips. Effective surface modification for anchoring monolithic materials to pipette tips was achieved using 15 wt% DMPAP and 10 wt% EDMA in methanol with UV irradiation at 365 nm. The extraction of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, serotonin, and bisphenol A (BPA) using methacrylate and activated charcoal composite monoliths was investigated in terms of breakthrough capacity. The application of monolithic pipette tip micro-solid-phase extraction followed by HPLC-UV was demonstrated for determining BPA leaching from baby-feeding bottles and canned foods. Wide linearity ranging from 0.1 to 100 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.9998) with good repeatability (% RSD = 3.9 %) and accuracy (% recovery = 93-106 %) was obtained. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.084 and 0.280 ng mL-1, respectively. By varying the sample loading volume from 0.50 to 10.00 mL with eluting volume of 150 μL, a 2-to-52-fold pre-concentration factor was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kesara Ar-Sanork
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Muekhunthod
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Nakin Surapanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajanagarindra Rajabhat University, 22 Maruphong Road, Tambon Na Mueang, Muang, Chachoengsao, 24000, Thailand
| | - Patcharin Chaisuwan
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Murakami H, Iida K, Oda Y, Umemura T, Nakajima H, Esaka Y, Inoue Y, Teshima N. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-type sorbent prepared by the modification of methacrylate-base resin with polyethyleneimine for solid-phase extraction of polar compounds. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:375-381. [PMID: 36577893 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-022-00250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)-type sorbents were newly developed for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of polar compounds. Two methacrylate-base resins with different cross-linking monomers and pore properties were synthesized, and three polyethyleneimines (PEIs) with different molecular weights were modified onto each base resin. In both cases, PEIs with a molecular weight of 10,000 (PEI-10,000) exhibited the highest adsorption properties for polar compounds (uracil, uridine, adenosine, cytidine, and guanosine). To control the water-enriched layer at the surface of the PEI-10,000-modified sorbents, the additive amount of PEI-10,000 in the modified reaction was also optimized. When 10 times the amount of PEI-10,000 to each base resin was added, an improvement in adsorption property was observed. Moreover, the use of a nonaqueous sample solution (100% acetonitrile) during the sample loading process drastically improved adsorption, especially for uracil (about 80%) and adenosine (100%). These results indicate that the formation of a strong water-enriched layer at the surface of sorbents with an effective expression of hydrophilic interaction was an important factor in the adsorption properties of polar compounds in HILIC mode-SPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Murakami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, 470-0392, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Iida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, 470-0392, Japan
| | - Yuki Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, 470-0392, Japan
| | - Tomonari Umemura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hizuru Nakajima
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, Graduate School of Urban Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Esaka
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Inoue
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, 470-0392, Japan
| | - Norio Teshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247 Yachigusa, Yakusa-cho, Toyota, 470-0392, Japan
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Amalia S, Angga SC, Iftitah ED, Septiana D, Anggraeny BOD, Warsito, Hasanah AN, Sabarudin A. Immobilization of trypsin onto porous methacrylate-based monolith for flow-through protein digestion and its potential application to chiral separation using liquid chromatography. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07707. [PMID: 34401587 PMCID: PMC8350527 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolithic columns for analytical applications have attracted the researcher's attention. In this work, the laboratory-made organic-polymer monolithic column is modified with trypsin and further applied as a nanobiocatalyst microreactor and a stationary phase for separating chiral compounds by liquid chromatography. The monolith was synthesized by in-situ copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as a crosslinking agent, with porogen of 1,4-butanediol/propanol/water (4:7:1 v/v) and AIBN as the radical polymerization initiator inside PEEK and silicosteel tubings (1.0 mm i.d × 100 mm) at 60 °C for 12 h. A total monomer ratio (%T) and crosslinking agent (%C) of 40:25 and 28:12 were applied to prepare poly-(GMA-co-EDMA) and poly-(GMA-co-TRIM), respectively. The produced monoliths were further modified by introducing trypsin (10 mg/L) through the ring-opening reaction of the epoxide group existing in the monolithic column. The trypsin-immobilized poly-(GMA-co-EDMA) monolithic column was applied as the nanobiocatalyst microreactor for online/flow-through and rapid digestion of β-casein sample into its peptide fragments. The trypsin-immobilized poly-(GMA-co-TRIM) column has potential application to be used as the HPLC stationary phase for the separation of R/S-citronellal enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suci Amalia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65154, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Maulana Malik Ibrahim Islamic State University, Malang, 65144, Indonesia
| | - Stevin Carolius Angga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65154, Indonesia
| | - Elvina Dhiaul Iftitah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65154, Indonesia
| | - Dias Septiana
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65154, Indonesia
| | | | - Warsito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65154, Indonesia
| | - Aliya Nur Hasanah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Sabarudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Brawijaya University, Malang, 65154, Indonesia.,Research Center for Advanced System and Material Technology (ASMAT), Brawijaya University, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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Decock J, Schlenk M, Salmon JB. In situ photo-patterning of pressure-resistant hydrogel membranes with controlled permeabilities in PEGDA microfluidic channels. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:1075-1083. [PMID: 29488541 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc01342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of highly permeable membranes in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) channels, for investigating ultra- or micro-filtration, at the microfluidic scale. More precisely, we used a maskless UV projection setup to photo-pattern PEG-based hydrogel membranes on a large scale (mm-cm), and with a spatial resolution of a few microns. We show that these membranes can withstand trans-membrane pressure drops of up to 7 bar without any leakage, thanks to the strong anchoring of the hydrogel to the channel walls. We also report in situ measurements of the Darcy permeability of these membranes, as a function of the deposited energy during photo-polymerization, and their formulation composition. We show that the use of PEG chains as porogens, as proposed in [Lee et al., Biomacromolecules, 2010, 11, 3316], significantly increases the porosity of the hydrogels, up to Darcy permeabilities of about 1.5 × 10-16 m2, while maintaining the strong mechanical stability of the membranes. We finally illustrate the opportunities offered by this technique, by investigating frontal filtration of colloidal dispersions in a straight microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Decock
- CNRS, Solvay, LOF, UMR 5258, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France.
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Basha IHK, Ho ETW, Yousuff CM, Hamid NHB. Towards Multiplex Molecular Diagnosis-A Review of Microfluidic Genomics Technologies. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E266. [PMID: 30400456 PMCID: PMC6190060 DOI: 10.3390/mi8090266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly sensitive and specific pathogen diagnosis is essential for correct and timely treatment of infectious diseases, especially virulent strains, in people. Point-of-care pathogen diagnosis can be a tremendous help in managing disease outbreaks as well as in routine healthcare settings. Infectious pathogens can be identified with high specificity using molecular methods. A plethora of microfluidic innovations in recent years have now made it increasingly feasible to develop portable, robust, accurate, and sensitive genomic diagnostic devices for deployment at the point of care. However, improving processing time, multiplexed detection, sensitivity and limit of detection, specificity, and ease of deployment in resource-limited settings are ongoing challenges. This review outlines recent techniques in microfluidic genomic diagnosis and devices with a focus on integrating them into a lab on a chip that will lead towards the development of multiplexed point-of-care devices of high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Hussain Kamal Basha
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Eric Tatt Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Caffiyar Mohamed Yousuff
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Hisham Bin Hamid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
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Austin CM, Caro DM, Sankar S, Penniman WF, Perdomo JE, Hu L, Patel S, Gu X, Watve S, Hammer BK, Forest CR. Porous monolith microfluidics for bacterial cell-to-cell communication assays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:044110. [PMID: 28852430 PMCID: PMC5551381 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered bacteria can be used for a wide range of applications, from monitoring environmental toxins to studying complex communication networks in the human digestive system. Although great strides have been made in studying single strains of bacteria in well-controlled microfluidic environments, there remains a need for tools to reliably control and measure communication between multiple discrete bacterial populations. Stable long-term experiments (e.g., days) with controlled population sizes and regulated input (e.g., concentration) and output measurements can reveal fundamental limits of cell-to-cell communication. In this work, we developed a microfluidic platform that utilizes a porous monolith to reliably and stably partition adjacent strains of bacteria while allowing molecular communication between them for several days. We measured small molecule production by the bacterial populations in response to stimuli using analytical chemistry methods and measured fluorescent output. The results are compared with communication and diffusion delay models. This porous monolith microfluidic system enables bacterial cell-to-cell communication assays with dynamic control of inputs, relatively long-term experimentation with no cross contamination, and stable bacterial population size. This system can serve as a valuable tool in understanding bacterial communication and improving biosensor design capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Austin
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - D M Caro
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Sankar
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - W F Penniman
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - J E Perdomo
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - L Hu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S Patel
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - X Gu
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - S Watve
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - B K Hammer
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - C R Forest
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
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Solid supports for extraction and preconcentration of proteins and peptides in microfluidic devices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 955:1-26. [PMID: 28088276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Determination of proteins and peptides is among the main challenges of today's bioanalytical chemistry. The application of microchip technology in this field is an exhaustively developed concept that aims to create integrated and fully automated analytical devices able to quantify or detect one or several proteins from a complex matrix. Selective extraction and preconcentration of targeted proteins and peptides especially from biological fluids is of the highest importance for a successful realization of these microsystems. Incorporation of solid structures or supports is a convenient solution employed to face these demands. This review presents a critical view on the latest achievements in sample processing techniques for protein determination using solid supports in microfluidics. The study covers the period from 2006 to 2015 and focuses mainly on the strategies based on microbeads, monolithic materials and membranes. Less common approaches are also briefly discussed. The reviewed literature suggests future trends which are discussed in the concluding remarks.
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Sritharan D, Smela E. Fabrication of a Miniature Paper-Based Electroosmotic Actuator. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8110400. [PMID: 30974674 PMCID: PMC6432343 DOI: 10.3390/polym8110400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A voltage-controlled hydraulic actuator is presented that employs electroosmotic fluid flow (EOF) in paper microchannels within an elastomeric structure. The microfluidic device was fabricated using a new benchtop lamination process. Flexible embedded electrodes were formed from a conductive carbon-silicone composite. The pores in the layer of paper placed between the electrodes served as the microchannels for EOF, and the pumping fluid was propylene carbonate. A sealed fluid-filled chamber was formed by film-casting silicone to lay an actuating membrane over the pumping liquid. Hydraulic force generated by EOF caused the membrane to bulge by hundreds of micrometers within fractions of a second. Potential applications of these actuators include soft robots and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Sritharan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Elisabeth Smela
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Knob R, Sahore V, Sonker M, Woolley AT. Advances in monoliths and related porous materials for microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:032901. [PMID: 27190564 PMCID: PMC4859832 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of monolithic porous polymers has seen significant growth. These materials present a highly useful support for various analytical and biochemical applications. Since their introduction, various approaches have been introduced to produce monoliths in a broad range of materials. Simple preparation has enabled their easy implementation in microchannels, extending the range of applications where microfluidics can be successfully utilized. This review summarizes progress regarding monoliths and related porous materials in the field of microfluidics between 2010 and 2015. Recent developments in monolith preparation, solid-phase extraction, separations, and catalysis are critically discussed. Finally, a brief overview of the use of these porous materials for analysis of subcellular and larger structures is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Knob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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A new strategy for simultaneous synthesis and efficient anchorage of polymer monoliths in native PDMS microchips. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Aly MAS, Gauthier M, Yeow J. Lysis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by antibacterial porous polymeric monolith formed in microfluidic biochips for sample preparation. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5977-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lee HS, Chu WK, Zhang K, Huang X. Microfluidic devices with permeable polymer barriers for capture and transport of biomolecules and cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3389-97. [PMID: 23828542 PMCID: PMC3818112 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50280e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for fabricating permeable polymer microstructure barriers in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices and the use of the devices to capture and transport DNA and cells. The polymer microstructure in a desired location in a fluidic channel is formed in situ by the polymerization of acrylamide and polyethylene diacrylate cross-linker (PEG-DA) monomer in a solution which is trapped in the location using a pair of PDMS valves. The porous polymer microstructure provides a mechanical barrier to convective fluid flow in the channel or between two microfluidic chambers while it still conducts ions or small charged species under an electric field, allowing for the rapid capture and transport of biomolecules and cells by electrophoresis. We have demonstrated the application of the devices for the rapid capture and efficient release of bacteriophage λ genomic DNA, solution exchange and for the transport and capture of HeLa cells. Our devices will enable the multi-step processing of biomolecules and cells or individual cells within a single microfluidic chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Suk Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Wai Keung Chu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
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