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Depastas T, Androutsopoulos A, Tzeli D. Analysis of chemical bonding of the ground and low-lying states of Mo 2 and of Mo 2Cl x complexes, x = 2 - 10. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:054302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we perform accurate calculations via multireference configuration interaction and coupled cluster methodologies on the dimolybdenum molecule in conjunction with complete series of correlation and weighted core correlation consistent basis sets up to quintuple size. The bonding, dissociation energies, and spectroscopic parameters of the seven states that correlate to the ground state products are calculated. The ground state has a sextuple chemical bond and each of the calculated excited state has one less bond than the previous one. The calculated values for the ground(X1Σg+ ) state of Mo2 have been extrapolated to the complete basis set limits. Our final values, re=1.9324 Å and De(D0)=4.502{plus minus}0.007(4.471{plus minus}0.009) eV, are in excellent agreement with the experimental values of re=1.929, 1.938(9) Å and D0=4.476(10) eV. The Mo2 in 13Σg+ state is a weakly bound dimer, forming 5s...5pz bonds, with De=0.120 eV at re=3.53 Å. All calculated excited states (except 13Σg+) have a highly multireference character (C0=0.25-0.55). The ordering of the molecular bonding orbitals changes as the spin is increased from quintet to septet state. The quite low bond dissociation energy of the ground state is due to the splitting of the molecular bonding orbitals in two groups differing in energy by ~3 eV. Finally, the bond breaking of Mo2, as the multiplicity of spin is increased, is analyzed in parallel with the Mo-Mo bond breaking in a series of Mo2Clx complexes when x is increased. Physical insight into the nature of the sextuple bond and its low dissociation energy is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Demeter Tzeli
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Department of Chemistry, Greece
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Metal Cluster Models for Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Matrix-Isolation Perspective. Chemistry 2018; 24:8941-8961. [PMID: 29457854 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal cluster models are of high relevance for establishing new mechanistic concepts for heterogeneous catalysis. The high reactivity and particular selectivity of metal clusters is caused by the wealth of low-lying electronically excited states that are often thermally populated. Thereby the metal clusters are flexible with regard to their electronic structure and can adjust their states to be appropriate for the reaction with a particular substrate. The matrix isolation technique is ideally suited for studying excited state reactivity. The low matrix temperatures (generally 4-40 K) of the noble gas matrix host guarantee that all clusters are in their electronic ground-state (with only a very few exceptions). Electronically excited states can then be selectively populated and their reactivity probed. Unfortunately, a systematic research in this direction has not been made up to date. The purpose of this review is to provide the grounds for a directed approach to understand cluster reactivity through matrix-isolation studies combined with quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tsai YC, Chen HZ, Chang CC, Yu JSK, Lee GH, Wang Y, Kuo TS. Journey from Mo−Mo Quadruple Bonds to Quintuple Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:12534-5. [PMID: 19685872 DOI: 10.1021/ja905035f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hong-Zhang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chie-Chieh Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Shiang K. Yu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Shen Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC, Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan, ROC, Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, ROC, and Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan, ROC
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