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Kang DH, Koga M, Haldar N, Neumark DM. Dynamics of photoexcited 5-bromouracil and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine studied by extreme ultraviolet time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy in liquid flat jets. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc03920c. [PMID: 39364069 PMCID: PMC11446316 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03920c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The UV-induced photo-relaxation dynamics of 5-bromouracil (BrU) and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrUrd) in aqueous solution were investigated using femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) probe in a flat liquid jet. Upon excitation to the 1ππ* state by 4.66 eV UV photons, both molecules exhibited rapid relaxation into lower-lying electronic states followed by decay to the S0 ground state. By employing a 21.7 eV XUV probe pulse, we were able to differentiate the relaxation of the excited state population from the initially excited 1ππ* state to an intermediate electronic state with 100 fs. Computational results identify this intermediate as the 1πσ* excited state, accessed by a 1ππ*/1πσ* conical intersection, and the signal from this intermediate state disappears within ∼200 fs. In contrast to thymine, formation of neither the 1nπ* state nor a long-lived triplet state was observed. Although the 1πσ* state is largely repulsive, prior studies have reported a low quantum yield for dissociation, and we observe weak signals that are consistent with production of hot S0 ground state (for BrUrd) on a time scale of 1.5-2 ps. It thus appears that solvent caging effects limit the dissociation yield in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Masafumi Koga
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Neal Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley California 94720 USA
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California 94720 USA
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2
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Mandal A, Taylor MA, Weight BM, Koessler ER, Li X, Huo P. Theoretical Advances in Polariton Chemistry and Molecular Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9786-9879. [PMID: 37552606 PMCID: PMC10450711 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
When molecules are coupled to an optical cavity, new light-matter hybrid states, so-called polaritons, are formed due to quantum light-matter interactions. With the experimental demonstrations of modifying chemical reactivities by forming polaritons under strong light-matter interactions, theorists have been encouraged to develop new methods to simulate these systems and discover new strategies to tune and control reactions. This review summarizes some of these exciting theoretical advances in polariton chemistry, in methods ranging from the fundamental framework to computational techniques and applications spanning from photochemistry to vibrational strong coupling. Even though the theory of quantum light-matter interactions goes back to the midtwentieth century, the gaps in the knowledge of molecular quantum electrodynamics (QED) have only recently been filled. We review recent advances made in resolving gauge ambiguities, the correct form of different QED Hamiltonians under different gauges, and their connections to various quantum optics models. Then, we review recently developed ab initio QED approaches which can accurately describe polariton states in a realistic molecule-cavity hybrid system. We then discuss applications using these method advancements. We review advancements in polariton photochemistry where the cavity is made resonant to electronic transitions to control molecular nonadiabatic excited state dynamics and enable new photochemical reactivities. When the cavity resonance is tuned to the molecular vibrations instead, ground-state chemical reaction modifications have been demonstrated experimentally, though its mechanistic principle remains unclear. We present some recent theoretical progress in resolving this mystery. Finally, we review the recent advances in understanding the collective coupling regime between light and matter, where many molecules can collectively couple to a single cavity mode or many cavity modes. We also lay out the current challenges in theory to explain the observed experimental results. We hope that this review will serve as a useful document for anyone who wants to become familiar with the context of polariton chemistry and molecular cavity QED and thus significantly benefit the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkajit Mandal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael A.D. Taylor
- The
Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Braden M. Weight
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United
States
| | - Eric R. Koessler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Pengfei Huo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
- The
Institute of Optics, Hajim School of Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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3
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Lindoy LP, Mandal A, Reichman DR. Resonant Cavity Modification of Ground-State Chemical Kinetics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6580-6586. [PMID: 35833754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent experiments have suggested that ground-state chemical kinetics can be suppressed or enhanced by coupling molecular vibrations with a cavity radiation mode. Here, we develop an analytical rate theory for cavity-modified chemical kinetics based on the Pollak-Grabert-Hänggi theory. Unlike previous work, our theory covers the complete range of solvent friction values, from the energy-diffusion-limited to the spatial-diffusion-limited regimes. We show that chemical kinetics is enhanced when bath friction is weak and suppressed when bath friction is strong. For weak bath friction, the resonant photon frequency (at which the maximum modification of the chemical rate is achieved) is close to the reactant well. In the strong friction limit, the resonant photon frequency is instead close to the barrier frequency. Finally, we observe that rate changes as a function of the photon frequency are much sharper and more sizable in the weak friction limit than in the strong friction limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan P Lindoy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
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Ultrafast Chemical Dynamics in Time Domain Through Fluorescence Spectroscopy. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INDIA SECTION A-PHYSICAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40010-015-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Hynes JT. Molecules in Motion: Chemical Reaction and Allied Dynamics in Solution and Elsewhere. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:1-20. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Hynes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309;
- Department of Chemistry, UMR ENS-CNRS-UPMC-8640, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France 75005
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6
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Lawrence WG, Apkarian VA. Two-Color Charge Transfer Transitions as a Probe of Electronic Relaxation and Photodissociation Dynamics at High Densities: Molecular Halogens in Xenon. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Patterson JD, Reid PJ. Time-Resolved Infrared Absorption Studies of the Solvent-Dependent Photochemistry of ClNO. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:10437-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211697r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington
98195, United States
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Box 351700, Seattle, Washington
98195, United States
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8
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Sceats MG, Dawes JM, Mark Rodger P, Millar DP. The Dynamics of Atom Recombination and Dissociation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19850890307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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9
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Kong Q, Lee JH, Lo Russo M, Kim TK, Lorenc M, Cammarata M, Bratos S, Buslaps T, Honkimaki V, Ihee H, Wulff M. Photolysis of Br2in CCl4studied by time-resolved X-ray scattering. Acta Crystallogr A 2010; 66:252-60. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767309054993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A time-resolved X-ray solution scattering study of bromine molecules in CCl4is presented as an example of how to track atomic motions in a simple chemical reaction. The structures of the photoproducts are tracked during the recombination process, geminate and non-geminate, from 100 ps to 10 µs after dissociation. The relaxation of hot Br2*molecules heats the solvent. At early times, from 0.1 to 10 ns, an adiabatic temperature rise is observed, which leads to a pressure gradient that forces the sample to expand. The expansion starts after about 10 ns with the laser beam sizes used here. When thermal artefacts are removed by suitable scaling of the transient solvent response, the excited-state solute structures can be obtained with high fidelity. The analysis shows that 30% of Br2*molecules recombine directly along theXpotential, 60% are trapped in theA/A′ state with a lifetime of 5.5 ns, and 10% recombine non-geminatelyviadiffusive motion in about 25 ns. The Br—Br distance distribution in theA/A′ state peaks at 3.0 Å.
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Stickrath AB, Carroll EC, Dai X, Harris DA, Rury A, Smith B, Tang KC, Wert J, Sension RJ. Solvent-Dependent Cage Dynamics of Small Nonpolar Radicals: Lessons from the Photodissociation and Geminate Recombination of Alkylcobalamins. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8513-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9017986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Stickrath
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Elizabeth C. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Xiaochuan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - D. Ahmasi Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Aaron Rury
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Broc Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Kuo-Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Jonathan Wert
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, and Program in Applied Physics, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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12
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Lin YS, Ramesh SG, Shorb JM, Sibert EL, Skinner JL. Vibrational Energy Relaxation of the Bend Fundamental of Dilute Water in Liquid Chloroform and d-Chloroform. J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:390-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075682s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-S. Lin
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - S. G. Ramesh
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. M. Shorb
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - E. L. Sibert
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - J. L. Skinner
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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13
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Tao G, Stratt RM. Anomalously Slow Solvent Structural Relaxation Accompanying High-Energy Rotational Relaxation. J Phys Chem B 2007; 112:369-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Richard M. Stratt
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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14
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15
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16
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17
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Dribinski V, Barbera J, Martin JP, Svendsen A, Thompson MA, Parson R, Lineberger WC. Time-resolved study of solvent-induced recombination in photodissociated IBr−(CO2)n clusters. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:133405. [PMID: 17029479 DOI: 10.1063/1.2217741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the time-resolved recombination of photodissociated IBr-(CO2)n (n = 5-10) clusters following excitation to the dissociative IBr-A' 2Pi12 state of the chromophore via a 180 fs, 795 nm laser pulse. Dissociation from the A' state of the bare anion results in I- and Br products. Upon solvation with CO2, the IBr- chromophore regains near-IR absorption only after recombination and vibrational relaxation on the ground electronic state. The recombination time was determined by using a delayed femtosecond probe laser, at the same wavelength as the pump, and detecting ionic photoproducts of the recombined IBr- cluster ions. In sharp contrast to previous studies involving solvated I2-, the observed recombination times for IBr-(CO2)n increase dramatically with increasing cluster size, from 12 ps for n = 5 to 900 ps for n = 8,10. The nanosecond recombination times are especially surprising in that the overall recombination probability for these cluster ions is unity. Over the range of 5-10 solvent molecules, calculations show that the solvent is very asymmetrically distributed, localized around the Br end of the IBr- chromophore. It is proposed that this asymmetric solvation delays the recombination of the dissociating IBr-, in part through a solvent-induced well in the A' state that (for n = 8,10) traps the evolving complex. Extensive electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations provide a framework to understand this unexpected behavior.
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18
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Savitsky A, Paul H, Shushin A. Initial Radical Separation after Photolysis of 2,2′-Azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) in Solution: Modeling the Primary Cage Effect for Polar Radicals. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Grimm C, Kandratsenka A, Wagener P, Zerbs J, Schroeder J. Photoinduced Isomerization Kinetics of Diiodomethane in Supercritical Fluid Solution: Local Density Effects. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3320-9. [PMID: 16509658 DOI: 10.1021/jp055608e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The density dependence of diiodomethane photoinduced isomerization in supercritical (sc) CO2, CHF3, and C2H6 was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy, covering a fluid density range from 0.7 to 2.5 (in reduced units). The solvent-caged photoproduct iso-diiodomethane is formed even at the lowest density, and its yield increases about 4-fold over the whole range. At the same time, isomer formation rate constants increase by roughly an order of magnitude and show little variation between CO2, C2H6, and CHF3. Furthermore, the formation rate constant decreases significantly with increasing excitation energy. We propose an isomer formation mechanism involving a rapidly established preequilibrium between a solvent-caged iodine atom-methyliodide radical pair and a loosely bound iodine-methyliodide radical complex, from which the reaction subsequently proceeds to the isomer. The latter step seems to be controlled by collisional stabilization of the initially hot radical moiety, as the formation rate constant increases linearly with sc solvent viscosity. The model predicts a quadratic dependence of relative isomer yield on fluid density. A corresponding correlation is found with the local fluid density, calculated via solute-solvent radial distribution functions obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grimm
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Wulff M, Bratos S, Plech A, Vuilleumier R, Mirloup F, Lorenc M, Kong Q, Ihee H. Recombination of photodissociated iodine: A time-resolved x-ray-diffraction study. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:034501. [PMID: 16438591 DOI: 10.1063/1.2149852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A time-resolved x-ray-diffraction experiment is presented that aims to study the recombination of laser-dissociated iodine molecules dissolved in CCl4. This process is monitored over an extended time interval from pico- to microseconds. The variations of atom-atom distances are probed with a milliangstrom resolution. A recent theory of time-resolved x-ray diffraction is used to analyze the experimental data; it employs the correlation function approach of statistical mechanics. The most striking outcome of this study is the experimental determination of time-dependent I-I atom-atom distribution functions. The structure of the CCl4 solvent changes simultaneously; the solvent thus appears as a reaction partner rather than an inert medium hosting it. Thermal expansion of the system is nonuniform in time, an effect due to the presence of the acoustic horizon. One concludes that a time-resolved x-ray diffraction permits real-time visualization of solvent and solute motions during a chemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wulff
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble Cedex 38043, BP 220, France
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Bolinger JC, Bixby TJ, Reid PJ. Time-resolved infrared absorption studies of the solvent-dependent vibrational relaxation dynamics of chlorine dioxide. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:084503. [PMID: 16164308 DOI: 10.1063/1.2000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a series of time-resolved infrared absorption studies on chlorine dioxide (OClO) dissolved in H2O, D2O, and acetonitrile. Following the photoexcitation at 401 nm, the evolution in optical density for frequencies corresponding to asymmetric stretch of OClO is measured with a time resolution of 120+/-50 fs. The experimentally determined optical-density evolution is compared with theoretical models of OClO vibrational relaxation derived from collisional models as well as classical molecular-dynamics (MD) studies. The vibrational relaxation rates in D2O are reduced by a factor of 3 relative to H2O consistent with the predictions of MD. This difference reflects modification of the frequency-dependent solvent-solute coupling accompanying isotopic substitution of the solvent. Also, the geminate-recombination quantum yield for the primary photofragments resulting in the reformation of ground-state OClO is reduced in D2O relative to H2O. It is proposed that this reduction reflects enhancement of the dissociation rate accompanying vibrational excitation along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate. In contrast to H2O and D2O, the vibrational-relaxation dynamics in acetonitrile are not well described by the theoretical models. Reproduction of the optical-density evolution in acetonitrile requires significant modification of the frequency-dependent solvent-solute coupling derived from MD. It is proposed that this modification reflects vibrational-energy transfer from the asymmetric stretch of OClO to the methyl rock of acetonitrile. In total, the results presented here provide a detailed description of the solvent-dependent geminate-recombination and vibrational-relaxation dynamics of OClO in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Bolinger
- Box 351700, Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Laage D, Demirdjian H, Hynes JT. Intermolecular vibration–vibration energy transfer in solution: Hydrogen fluoride in water. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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Sanford T, Han SY, Thompson MA, Parson R, Lineberger WC. Photodissociation dynamics of IBr−(CO2)n, n<15. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:54307. [PMID: 15740322 DOI: 10.1063/1.1839178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the ionic photoproducts produced following photoexcitation of mass selected IBr(-)(CO(2))(n), n=0-14, cluster ions at 790 and 355 nm. These wavelengths provide single state excitation to two dissociative states, corresponding to the A(') (2)Pi(1/2) and B 2 (2)Sigma(1/2) (+) states of the IBr(-) chromophore. Excitation of these states in IBr(-) leads to production of I(-)+Br and Br(-)+I( *), respectively. Potential energy curves for the six lowest electronic states of IBr(-) are calculated, together with structures for IBr(-)(CO(2))(n), n=1-14. Translational energy release measurements on photodissociated IBr(-) determine the I-Br(-) bond strength to be 1.10+/-0.04 eV; related measurements characterize the A(') (2)Pi(1/2)<--X (2)Sigma(1/2) (+) absorption band. Photodissociation product distributions are measured as a function of cluster size following excitation to the A(') (2)Pi(1/2) and B 2 (2)Sigma(1/2) (+) states. The solvent is shown to drive processes such as spin-orbit relaxation, charge transfer, recombination, and vibrational relaxation on the ground electronic state. Following excitation to the A(') (2)Pi(1/2) electronic state, IBr(-)(CO(2))(n) exhibits size-dependent cage fractions remarkably similar to those observed for I(2) (-)(CO(2))(n). In contrast, excitation to the B 2 (2)Sigma(1/2) (+) state shows extensive trapping in excited states that dominates the recombination behavior for all cluster sizes we investigated. Finally, a pump-probe experiment on IBr(-)(CO(2))(8) determines the time required for recombination on the ground state following excitation to the A(') state. While the photofragmentation experiments establish 100% recombination in the ground electronic state for this and larger IBr(-) cluster ions, the time required for recombination is found to be approximately 5 ns, some three orders of magnitude longer than observed for the analogous I(2) (-) cluster ion. Comparisons are made with similar experiments carried out on I(2) (-)(CO(2))(n) and ICl(-)(CO(2))(n) cluster ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Sanford
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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Bastida A, Cruz C, Zúñiga J, Requena A, Miguel B. Surface hopping simulation of the vibrational relaxation of I2 in liquid xenon using the collective probabilities algorithm. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:10611-22. [PMID: 15549944 DOI: 10.1063/1.1811598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A surface hopping simulation of the vibrational relaxation of highly excited I(2) in liquid xenon is presented. The simulation is performed by using the collective probabilities algorithm which assures the coincidence of the classical and quantum populations. The agreement between the surface hopping simulation results and the experimental measurements for the vibrational energy decay curves at different solvent densities and temperatures is shown to be good. The overlap of the decay curves when the time axis is linearly scaled is explained in terms of the perturbative theory for the rate constants. The contribution of each solvent atom to the change of the quantum populations of the solute molecule is used to analyze the mechanism of the relaxation process
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Bastida
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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25
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Bolinger JC, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. Time resolved infrared absorption studies of geminate recombination and vibrational relaxation in OClO photochemistry. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4795-803. [PMID: 15332913 DOI: 10.1063/1.1778373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast time-resolved infrared absorption studies of aqueous chlorine dioxide (OClO) photochemistry are reported. Following photoexcitation at 401 nm, the evolution in optical density at frequencies between 1000 to 1100 cm(-1) is monitored to investigate vibrational energy deposition and relaxation along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate following the reformation of ground-state OClO via geminate recombination of the primary photofragments. The measured kinetics are compared to two proposed models for the vibrational-relaxation dynamics along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate. This comparison demonstrates that the perturbation model derived from molecular dynamics studies is capable of qualitatively reproducing the observed kinetics, where the collisional model employed in previous UV-pump, visible probe experiments demonstrates poor agreement with experiment. The ability of the perturbation model to reproduce the optical-density evolution observed in these studies demonstrates that for aqueous OClO, frequency dependence of the solvent-solute coupling is important in defining the level-dependent vibrational relaxation rates along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate. The absence of optical-density evolution corresponding to the population of higher vibrational levels (n>8) along the asymmetric-stretch coordinate suggests that following geminate recombination, energy is initially deposited into a local Cl-O stretch, with the relaxation of vibrational energy from this coordinate providing for delayed vibrational excitation of the asymmetric- and symmetric-stretch coordinates relative to geminate recombination, as previously observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Bolinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrazzak Douhal
- Departamento de Química Física, Sección de Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S.N. 45071 Toledo, Spain.
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Abstract
Time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, with a resolution of 20 fs, is used to prepare a broadband vibrational superposition on the ground electronic state of I2 isolated in solid Kr. The coherent evolution of a packet consisting of nu=1-6 is monitored for as many as 1000 periods, allowing a precise analysis of the material response and radiation coherence. The molecular vibrations are characterized by omega(e)=211.330(2) cm(-1), omega(e)x(e)=0.6523(6) cm(-1), omega(e)y(e)=2.9(1) x 10(-3) cm(-1); the dephasing rates at 32 K range from 110 ps for nu=1 to 34 ps for nu=6, with nu dependence: gamma(nu)=8.5 x 10(-3)+4.9 x 10(-4)nu2+2.1 x 10(-6)nu4 ps(-1). The signal amplitude is also modulated at omega(q)=41.56(3) cm(-1); which can be interpreted as coupling between the molecule and a local mode. The surprising implication is that this resonant local mode is decoupled from the lattice phonons, a finding that cannot be rationalized based on a normal-mode analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karavitis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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28
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Shi Q, Geva E. Vibrational energy relaxation rate constants from linear response theory. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1562611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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29
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Katō T. Molecular dynamics simulation of liquid N2O4⇌2NO2 by orientation-sensitive pairwise potential. II. Vibrational dephasing of the dissociation mode. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1505870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Bratos S, Mirloup F, Vuilleumier R, Wulff M. Time-resolved x-ray diffraction: Statistical theory and its application to the photo-physics of molecular iodine. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1477923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Tarnovsky AN, Wall M, Gustafsson M, Lascoux N, Sundström V, Åkesson E. Ultrafast Study of the Photodissociation of Bromoiodomethane in Acetonitrile upon 266 nm Excitation. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magnus Wall
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gustafsson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Noelle Lascoux
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eva Åkesson
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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32
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Blainey PC, Reid PJ. FTIR studies of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in halogenated ethanols. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 57:2763-2774. [PMID: 11789877 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of halogen substitution on intermolecular hydrogen-bonding in ethanol is studied. Specifically, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of ethanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE), and 2,2,2-trichloroethanol dissolved in carbon tetrachloride are reported as a function of temperature and concentration. The spectral intensities corresponding to monomer, dimer, and multimer formation are used to determine the effect of halogen substitution on intermolecular hydrogen-bonding. The enthalpy for dimerization was found to evolve from -4.2+/-0.3 kcal/mol in ethanol to -6.8+/-1.0 kcal/mol in TFE. An opposite trend was observed for multimer formation with enthalpies of -3.7+/-0.5 in ethanol and -2.1+/-1.4 kcal/mol in TFE. The majority of this evolution is assigned to the ability of ethanols to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds involving the hydoxyl proton and the halogen substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Blainey
- University of Washington, Department of Chemistry, Seattle 98195, USA
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33
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Hayes SC, Cooksey CC, Wallace PM, Reid PJ. Femtosecond UV Pump/Near-IR Probe Studies of the Solvent-Dependent Excited-State Decay Dynamics of Chlorine Dioxide. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011831+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Sagnella DE, Straub JE. Directed Energy “Funneling" Mechanism for Heme Cooling Following Ligand Photolysis or Direct Excitation in Solvated Carbonmonoxy Myoglobin. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane E. Sagnella
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - John E. Straub
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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35
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Philpott MP, Hayes SC, Thomsen CL, Reid PJ. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding in chlorine dioxide photochemistry: A time-resolved resonance Raman study. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(00)00370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Goodyear G, Tucker SC. Glass-like behavior in supercritical fluids: The effect of critical slowing down on solute dynamics. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Demontis P, Suffritti GB, Tilocca A. Recombination Reactions and Diffusive Properties of Diatomic Molecules in Two Different Microporous Structures: Silicalite and ZK4. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991449l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierfranco Demontis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe B. Suffritti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Antonio Tilocca
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita' degli studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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38
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Hayes SC, Philpott MP, Mayer SG, Reid PJ. A Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Study of Chlorine Dioxide Photochemistry in Water and Acetonitrile. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9914065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia C. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Matthew P. Philpott
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Steven G. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Philip J. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Box 351700, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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39
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Philpott MJ, Hayes SC, Reid PJ. Femtosecond pump–probe studies of chlorine dioxide photochemistry in water and acetonitrile. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Delogu F, Demontis P, Suffritti GB, Tilocca A. A classical molecular dynamics study of recombination reactions in a microporous solid. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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41
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Chachisvilis M, Garcia-Ochoa I, Douhal A, Zewail A. Femtochemistry in nanocavities: dissociation, recombination and vibrational cooling of iodine in cyclodextrin. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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42
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Garcı́a-Vela A. Study of the total and partial fragmentation dynamics of Ar–HCl after uv photodissociation. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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43
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Liu HJ, Pullen SH, Walker LA, Sension RJ. The vibrational relaxation of I2 (X 1Σg+) in mesitylene. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Molecular clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1063-5467(98)80003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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45
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Demontis P, Suffritti GB. Structure and Dynamics of Zeolites Investigated by Molecular Dynamics. Chem Rev 1997; 97:2845-2878. [PMID: 11851480 DOI: 10.1021/cr950253o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierfranco Demontis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
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46
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Goodyear G, Stratt RM. The short-time intramolecular dynamics of solutes in liquids. II. Vibrational population relaxation. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Knopp G, Schmitt M, Materny A, Kiefer W. Femtosecond Time-Resolved Pump−Probe Spectroscopy of NaI in Rare-Gas Environment. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970629x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Knopp
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - M. Schmitt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - A. Materny
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - W. Kiefer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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48
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Ma J, Huo S, Straub JE. Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the B-States of Solvated Carbon Monoxymyoglobin. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9608252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianpeng Ma
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Shuanghong Huo
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - John E. Straub
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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49
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Vorsa V, Nandi S, Campagnola PJ, Larsson M, Lineberger WC. Recombination dynamics of photodissociated I2− in size selected Ar and CO2clusters. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Lienau C, Zewail AH. Solvation Ultrafast Dynamics of Reactions. 11. Dissociation and Caging Dynamics in the Gas-to-Liquid Transition Region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lienau
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Ahmed H. Zewail
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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