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Chen Y, Zheng P, Wang Z, Pu W, Tan Y, Yu C, Xia M, Wang W, Guo J, Huang D, Yan C, Nie W, Ling Z, Chen Q, Lee S, Wang T. Secondary Formation and Impacts of Gaseous Nitro-Phenolic Compounds in the Continental Outflow Observed at a Background Site in South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:6933-6943. [PMID: 34732048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c04596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitro-phenolic compounds (NPs) have attracted increasing attention because of their health risks and impacts on visibility, climate, and atmospheric chemistry. Despite many measurements of particulate NPs, the knowledge of their gaseous abundances, sources, atmospheric fates, and impacts remains incomplete. Here, 18 gaseous NPs were continuously measured with a time-of-flight chemical ionization mass spectrometer at a background site in South China in autumn and winter. Abundant NPs were observed in the continental outflows from East Asia, with a total concentration up to 122.1 pptv. Secondary formation from the transported aromatics dominated the observed NPs, with mono-NPs exhibiting photochemical daytime peaks and nighttime enrichments of di-NPs and Cl-substituted NPs. The budget analysis indicates that besides the •OH oxidation of aromatics, the NO3• oxidation also contributed significantly to the daytime mono-NPs, while the further oxidation of mono-NPs by NO3• dominated the nocturnal formation of di-NPs. Photolysis was the main daytime sink of NPs and produced substantial HONO, which would influence atmospheric oxidation capacity in downwind and background regions. This study provides quantitative insights on the formation and impacts of gaseous NPs in the continental outflow and highlights the role of NO3• chemistry in the secondary nitro-aromatics production that may facilitate regional pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Penggang Zheng
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Wei Pu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Chuan Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Men Xia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhenhao Ling
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, BIC-ESAT and IJRC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuncheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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Glendening ED, Halpern AM. Ab initio calculations of nitrogen oxide reactions: Formation of N2O2, N2O3, N2O4, N2O5, and N4O2 from NO, NO2, NO3, and N2O. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:164307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2777145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Osthoff HD, Pilling MJ, Ravishankara AR, Brown SS. Temperature dependence of the NO3 absorption cross-section above 298 K and determination of the equilibrium constant for NO3 + NO2↔ N2O5 at atmospherically relevant conditions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5785-93. [DOI: 10.1039/b709193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Flowers BA, Angerhofer ME, Simpson WR, Nakayama T, Matsumi Y. Nitrate Radical Quantum Yield from Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Photolysis. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:2552-8. [PMID: 16833558 DOI: 10.1021/jp045529n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) is a ubiquitous pollutant that is primarily destroyed by either thermal or photochemical mechanisms. We have investigated the photochemical destruction of PAN using a combination of laser pulsed photolysis and cavity ring-down spectroscopic detection of the NO3 photoproduct. We find that the nitrate radical quantum yield from the 289 nm photolysis of PAN is Phi(NO3)PAN = 0.31 +/- 0.08 (+/-2 sigma). The quantum yield is determined relative to that of dinitrogen pentoxide, which is assumed to be unity, under identical experimental conditions. The instrument design and experimental procedure are discussed as well as auxiliary experiments performed to further characterize the performance of the optical cavity and photolysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Flowers
- Department of Chemistry and Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6160, USA
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Zondlo MA. Development and characterization of an airborne-based instrument used to measure nitric acid during the NASA Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific field experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wängberg I, Etzkorn T, Barnes I, Platt U, Becker KH. Absolute Determination of the Temperature Behavior of the NO2 + NO3 +(M) ↔ N2O5 + (M) Equilibrium. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972203o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Wängberg
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, S−402 58 Göteborg, Sweden, Institut Für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie/Fachbereich 9, Bergische Universität-GH Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - T. Etzkorn
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, S−402 58 Göteborg, Sweden, Institut Für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie/Fachbereich 9, Bergische Universität-GH Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - I. Barnes
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, S−402 58 Göteborg, Sweden, Institut Für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie/Fachbereich 9, Bergische Universität-GH Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - U. Platt
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, S−402 58 Göteborg, Sweden, Institut Für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie/Fachbereich 9, Bergische Universität-GH Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - K. H. Becker
- Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 47086, S−402 58 Göteborg, Sweden, Institut Für Umweltphysik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, and Physikalische Chemie/Fachbereich 9, Bergische Universität-GH Wuppertal, Gaussstrasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
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Nevison CD, Solomon S, Russell JM. Nighttime formation of N2O5inferred from the Halogen Occulatation Experiment sunset/sunrise NOxratios. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stirling A, Pápai I, Mink J, Salahub DR. Density functional study of nitrogen oxides. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cantrell CA, Shetter RE, Calvert JG. Branching ratios for the O(1D) + N2O reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Biggs P, Canosa-Mas CE, Monks PS, Wayne RP, Benter T, Schindler RN. The kinetics of the nitrate radical self-reaction. INT J CHEM KINET 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550251002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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FTIR spectroscopic measurements of surface bond products of nitrogen oxides on aerosol surfaces—implications for heterogeneous HNO2 production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hjorth J, Notholt J, Restelli G. A spectroscopic study of the equilibrium NO2 + NO3 + M 2 N2O5 + M and the kinetics of the O3/N2O5/NO3/NO2/ air system. INT J CHEM KINET 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550240107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Wayne R, Barnes I, Biggs P, Burrows J, Canosa-Mas C, Hjorth J, Le Bras G, Moortgat G, Perner D, Poulet G, Restelli G, Sidebottom H. The nitrate radical: Physics, chemistry, and the atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90192-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Atkinson R, Tuazon EC, Arey J. Reactions of naphthalene in N2O5?NO3?NO2? air mixtures. INT J CHEM KINET 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550221006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Crowley JN, Burrows JP, Moortgat GK, Poulet G, LeBras G. Room temperature rate coefficient for the reaction between CH3O2 and NO3. INT J CHEM KINET 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550220703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Arey J, Atkinson R, Aschmann SM, Schuetzle D. Experimental Investigation of the Atmospheric Chemistry of 2-Methyl-1-Nitronaphthalene and a Comparison of Predicted Nitroarene Concentrations with Ambient Air Data. Polycycl Aromat Compd 1990. [DOI: 10.1080/10406639008034747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Smith JP, Solomon S. Atmospheric NO33. Sunrise disappearance and the stratospheric profile. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id09p13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cantrell CA, Shetter RE, McDaniel AH, Calvert JG. The rate coefficient for the reaction NO2+ NO3→ NO + NO2+ O2From 273 to 313 K. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id12p20531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Davidson JA, Cantrell CA, Shetter RE, McDaniel AH, Calvert JG. The NO3radical decomposition and NO3scavenging in the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id09p13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Blatherwick RD, Murcray DG, Murcray FH, Murcray FJ, Goldman A, Vanasse GA, Massie ST, Cicerone RJ. Infrared emission measurements of morning stratospheric N2O5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id15p18337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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