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Das M, Chambon L, Varga Z, Vamvakaki M, Swan JW, Petekidis G. Shear driven vorticity aligned flocs in a suspension of attractive rigid rods. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:1232-1245. [PMID: 33300930 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01576h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A combination of rheology, optical microscopy and computer simulations was used to investigate the microstructural changes of a semi-dilute suspension of attractive rigid rods in an imposed shear flow. The aim is to understand the relation of the microstructure with the viscoelastic response, and the yielding and flow behaviour in different shear regimes of gels built from rodlike colloids. A semi-dilute suspension of micron sized, rodlike silica particles suspended in 11 M CsCl salt solution was used as a model system for attractive rods' gel. Upon application of steady shear the gel microstructure rearranges in different states and exhibits flow instabilities depending on shear rate, attraction strength, volume fraction and geometrical confinement. At low rod volume fractions, the suspension forms large, vorticity aligned, particle rich flocs that roll in the flow-vorticity plane, an effect that is due to an interplay between hydrodynamic interactions and geometrical confinement as suggested by computer simulations. Experimental data allow the creation of a state diagram, as a function of volume fraction and shear rates, identifying regimes of stable (or unstable) floc formation and of homogeneous gel or broken clusters. The transition is related to dimensionless Mason number, defined as the ratio of shear forces to interparticle attractive force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Das
- IESL - FORTH and Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Crete, GR - 71110, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Lucille Chambon
- IESL - FORTH and Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Crete, GR - 71110, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Zsigmond Varga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maria Vamvakaki
- IESL - FORTH and Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Crete, GR - 71110, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - James W Swan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - George Petekidis
- IESL - FORTH and Department of Material Science and Technology, University of Crete, GR - 71110, Heraklion, Greece.
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Abstract
There has been significant interest in the tendency of highly charged particles having the same charge to form dynamic clusters in solution, but an accepted theoretical framework that can account for this ubiquitous phenomenon has been slow to develop. The theoretical difficulties are especially great for flexible polyelectrolytes due to the additional complex coupling between the polyelectrolyte chain configurations and the spatial distribution of the ionic species in solution. For highly charged polyelectrolytes, this leads to the formation of a diffuse "polarizable" cloud of counter-ions around these polymers, an effect having significant implications for the function of proteins and other natural occurring polyelectrolytes, as emphasized long ago by Kirkwood and co-workers. To investigate this phenomenon, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of a minimal model of polyelectrolyte solutions that includes an explicit solvent and counter-ions, where the relative affinity of the counter-ions and the polymer for the solvent is tunable through the variation of the relative strength of the dispersion interactions of the polymer and ions. In particular, we find that these dispersion interactions can greatly influence the nature of the association between the polyelectrolyte chains under salt-free conditions. We calculate static and dynamic correlation functions to quantify the equilibrium structure and dynamics of these complex liquids. Based on our coarse-grained model of polyelectrolyte solutions, we identify conditions in which three distinct types of polyelectrolyte association arise. We rationalize these types of polyelectrolyte association based on the impact of the selective solvent affinity on the charge distribution and polymer solvation in these solutions. Our findings demonstrate the essential role of the solvent in the description of the polyelectrolyte solutions, as well as providing a guideline for the development of a more predictive theory of the properties of the thermodynamic and transport properties of these complex fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Chremos
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
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Chremos A, Douglas JF. Solution properties of star polyelectrolytes having a moderate number of arms. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044906. [PMID: 28764357 PMCID: PMC5702915 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate polyelectrolyte stars having a moderate number of arms by molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained model over a range of polyelectrolyte concentrations, where both the counter-ions and solvent are treated explicitly. This class of polymeric materials is found to exhibit rather distinct static and dynamic properties from linear and highly branched star polyelectrolyte solutions emphasized in past studies. Moderately branched polymers are particle-like in many of their properties, while at the same time they exhibit large fluctuations in size and shape as in the case of linear chain polymers. Correspondingly, these fluctuations suppress crystallization at high polymer concentrations, leading apparently to an amorphous rather than crystalline solid state at high polyelectrolyte concentrations. We quantify the onset of this transition by measuring the polymer size and shape fluctuations of our model star polyelectrolytes and the static and dynamic structure factor of these solutions over a wide range of polyelectrolyte concentration. Our findings for star polyelectrolytes are similar to those of polymer-grafted nanoparticles having a moderate grafting density, which is natural given the soft and highly deformable nature of both of these "particles."
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Chremos
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Abstract
The frictional forces in suspensions vary depending on the size, shape, and the surface of the particles, which are either charged or neutral. For anisotropic particles with no spatial gradient in the order parameter under external parameters, they exhibit either a continuous phase transition or "freezing" of the order parameter fluctuation. They are known as the collective soft-mode, which has a finite cutoff dispersion where the relaxation time diverges. From microscopic dynamics of charged chiral fd-viruses, the soft-mode is revealed with a rotation restoring "twist", obtained from both polarized (VV) and depolarized (VH) small angle dynamic light scattering. Here, I have found the minimum spatial coherence length at a lower I-N binodal concentration, which is due to the reverse of electrostatic repulsive forces with an increase in the concentration of charged chiral rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyongok Kang
- Forschungszentrum Juelich, ICS-3, Soft Condensed Matter, Juelich, 52425, Germany.
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Cohen AP, Janai E, Rapaport DC, Schofield AB, Sloutskin E. Structure and interactions in fluids of prolate colloidal ellipsoids: Comparison between experiment, theory, and simulation. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:184505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4765100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Burchard W, Frank M, Michel E. Particularities in static and dynamic light scattering from branched polyelectrolytes in comparison to their linear analogues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19961000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bermudez H, Hathorne AP. Incorporating stimulus-responsive character into filamentous virus assemblies. Faraday Discuss 2009; 139:327-35; discussion 399-417, 419-20. [PMID: 19049004 DOI: 10.1039/b800675j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Controlling interactions between building blocks, in either guided- or self-assemblies, is becoming increasingly important for the creation of functional materials. We have focused our attention on the well-known model assembly, the filamentous bacteriophage, where our strategy is to selectively alter surface features by focusing on spatially distinct capsid proteins. Towards introducing stimulus-responsive behavior in these flexible, rod-like particles, we have introduced elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) motifs of isoleucine and tyrosine "guest" residues by recombinant DNA methods. Our hypothesis is that modification of the major coat capsid protein would be greatly amplified by the 2700 copies per particle. Characterization of ELP-phage particles was carried out by microbiological assays, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, and calorimetry. Bacteria producing ELP-phage particles grow more slowly and surprisingly, ELP-modified phages display a significant reduction in viral infectivity. For the lengths of ELP inserts studied, modified phages do not aggregate from solution as monitored by DLS. However, the hydrodynamic size of the phages depends on the details of the ELP motif. Zeta potential measurements reveal the particles are electrostatically stabilized, and this contributes in part to the energetic barrier against aggregation. Preliminary calorimetric data indicate subtle thermal transitions in the range 35-45 degrees C, suggesting that the ELP motif may collapse without triggering macroscopic aggregation. The results are consistent with the classical picture of critical solution phenomena at low concentrations, where to drive phase separation, solvent quality must be increasingly poor. Apart from being model systems to study basic questions of self-assembly, extending these modular systems is likely to result in improved understanding and control over self-assembly in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Bermudez
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts. Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Yethiraj
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396
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Faunce CA, Paradies HH. Observations of liquidlike order of charged rodlike lipid A diphosphate assemblies at pH 8.5. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:065105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2834206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Komarov PV, Zherenkova LV, Khalatur PG, Reineker P. The formation of planar ribbonlike aggregates from stiff polyanions in the presence of anisotropic cations. J Chem Phys 2007; 125:154906. [PMID: 17059292 DOI: 10.1063/1.2353057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A dilute salt-free solution of rodlike polyanions in the presence of anisotropic (chain) cations consisting of neutral tails and charged heads is studied. Using Monte Carlo simulation within the framework of the primitive model, different Coulomb coupling regimes were considered. While aggregation in the strong coupling limit is expected, we report new morphology, namely, the formation of ribbonlike nanostructures. At strong electrostatic interaction, the system is found to undergo the self-organization resulting in the formation of planar aggregates that look like a "ladder" of polyanions sandwiched between cationic chains. We investigate the stability of different morphologies and find that these aggregates are thermodynamically stable. Focus has been made on how the chemical structure of anisotropic cations affects the morphology of the aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Komarov
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Tver State University, Tver 170002, Russia
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Gus'kova OA, Pavlov AS, Khalatur PG, Khokhlov AR. Molecular Bottle Brushes in a Solution of Semiflexible Polyelectrolytes and Block Copolymers with an Oppositely Charged Block: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:8360-8. [PMID: 17388489 DOI: 10.1021/jp067222p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Using a coarse-grained model, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the electrostatically driven self-assembly of strongly charged polyelectrolytes and diblock copolymers composed of oppositely charged and neutral blocks. Stoichiometric micelle-like complexes formed in a dilute solution represent cylindrical brushes whose conformation is determined by the linear charge density on the polyelectrolyte and by temperature. The core-shell morphology of the cylindrical brushes is proven. The core of these anisotropic micelles consists of an insoluble complex coacervate formed by the ionic chains and a shell made up of the neutral solvophilic blocks. As the concentration of macromolecules increases, the orientational ordering of ionic micelles takes place. The complexation can induce effective steric stiffening of the polyelectrolyte chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Gus'kova
- Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Canessa E, D'Aguanno B, Weyerich B, Klein R. Towards an understanding of the static structure of suspensions of ionic rod-like macromolecules. Mol Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00268979100101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Canessa
- a Fakultät für Physik , Universität Konstanz , 7750 , Konstanz , Germany
| | - B. D'Aguanno
- a Fakultät für Physik , Universität Konstanz , 7750 , Konstanz , Germany
| | - B. Weyerich
- a Fakultät für Physik , Universität Konstanz , 7750 , Konstanz , Germany
| | - R. Klein
- a Fakultät für Physik , Universität Konstanz , 7750 , Konstanz , Germany
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Hofmann T, Winkler RG, Reineker P. Integral equation theory approach to rodlike polyelectrolytes: Counterion condensation. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1370075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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14
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Shew CY, Yethiraj A. Self-consistent integral equation theory for semiflexible chain polyelectrolyte solutions. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1290130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kelch S, Rehahn M. Synthesis and Properties in Solution of Rodlike, 2,2‘:6‘,2‘ ‘-Terpyridine-Based Ruthenium(II) Coordination Polymers. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma990266u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Kelch
- Polymer-Institut, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Rehahn
- Polymer-Institut, Universität Karlsruhe, Kaiserstrasse 12, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Castelletto V, Amaral LQ. Short Range Order of Rodlike Polyelectrolytes in the Isotropic Phase. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma971617c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Castelletto
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lia Q. Amaral
- Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, CEP 05315-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Shew CY, Yethiraj A. Integral equation theory of solutions of rigid polyelectrolytes. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.473590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Yethiraj A, Shew CY. Structure of Polyelectrolyte Solutions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:3937-3940. [PMID: 10062346 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Kirchhoff T, Löwen H, Klein R. Dynamical correlations in suspensions of charged rodlike macromolecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1996; 53:5011-5022. [PMID: 9964831 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.53.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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22
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Löwen H. Interaction between charged rodlike colloidal particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1994; 72:424-427. [PMID: 10056427 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.72.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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23
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Graf C, Kramer H, Deggelmann M, Hagenbüchle M, Johner C, Martin C, Weber R. Rheological properties of suspensions of interacting rodlike FD‐virus particles. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Graf C, Deggelmann M, Hagenbüchle M, Kramer H, Krause R, Martin C, Weber R. Dynamic light scattering by aqueous solutions of rodlike fd‐virus particles. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Schulz SF, Maier EE, Krause R, Hagenbüchle M, Deggelmann M, Weber R. Dynamic light scattering studies on charged rod‐like fd‐virus in dilute aqueous solution. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.458249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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