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Abstract
Predissociation thresholds corresponding to dissociation at ground state separated atom limits (SALs) have been recorded in this group for more than 100 d- and f-block metal-containing molecules. The metal atom electronic degeneracies in these molecules generate a dense manifold of electronic states that allow high-lying vibronic levels to couple to pathways leading to dissociation. However, CrN, CuB, and AuB fail to dissociate at their ground SAL. Instead, the molecules remain bound at energies that far surpass their bond dissociation energies (BDEs), and their bonds break only when excited at or above an excited SAL. Sharp predissociation thresholds at excited SALs nevertheless allowed BDEs to be derived: D0(CrN): 3.941(22) eV; D0(CuB): 2.26(15) eV; D0(Au11B): 3.724(3) eV. A previous measurement of D0(AlCr) is re-evaluated as dissociating to a higher energy limit, giving a revised value of D0(AlCr) = 1.32(2) eV. A discussion of this physical behavior is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota M Merriles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Michael D Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Small palladium clusters and their adducts with atomic oxygen. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tandon H, Ranjan P, Chakraborty T. A computational and theoretical study of some heavy metal heteronuclear dimers. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Merriles DM, Tomchak KH, Ewigleben JC, Morse MD. Predissociation measurements of the bond dissociation energies of EuO, TmO, and YbO. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144303. [PMID: 34654298 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of a sharp predissociation threshold in the resonant two-photon ionization spectra of EuO, TmO, and YbO has been used to measure the bond dissociation energies of these species. The resulting values, D0(EuO) = 4.922(3) eV, D0(TmO) = 5.242(6) eV, and D0(YbO) = 4.083(3) eV, are in good agreement with previous values but are much more precise. In addition, the ionization energy of TmO was measured by the observation of a threshold for one-color two-photon ionization of this species, resulting in IE(TmO) = 6.56(2) eV. The observation of a sharp predissociation threshold for EuO was initially surprising because the half-filled 4f7 subshell of Eu in its ground state generates fewer potential energy curves than in the other molecules we have studied by this method. The observation of a sharp predissociation threshold in YbO was even more surprising, given that the ground state of Yb is nondegenerate (4f146s2, 1Sg) and the lowest excited state of Yb is over 2 eV higher in energy. It is suggested that these molecules possess a high density of electronic states at the energy of the ground separated atom limit because ion-pair states drop below the ground limit, providing a sufficient electronic state density to allow predissociation to set in at the thermochemical threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota M Merriles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Kimberly H Tomchak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Joshua C Ewigleben
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Michael D Morse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Abstract
Privileged structures is a term that is used in drug design to indicate a fragment that is popular in the population of drugs or drug candidates that are in the application or investigation phases, respectively. Privileged structures are popular motifs because they generate efficient drugs. Similarly, some elements appear to be more efficient and more popular in catalyst design and development. To indicate this fact, we use here a term privileged metal combination. In particular, Ru-based catalysts have paved a bumpy road in a variety of commercial applications from ammonia synthesis to carbon (di)oxide methanation. Here, we review Ru/Ni combinations in order to specifically find applications in environmental nanocatalysis and more specifically in carbon (di)oxide methanation. Synergy, ensemble and the ligand effect are theoretical foundations that are used to explain the advantages of multicomponent catalysis. The economic effect is another important issue in blending metal combinations. Low temperature and photocatalytic processes can be indicated as new tendencies in carbon (di)oxide methanation. However, due to economics, future industrial developments of this reaction are still questionable.
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Posada-Borbón A, Posada-Amarillas A. Theoretical DFT study of homonuclear and binary transition-metal dimers. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Qian Y, Ng YW, Chen Z, Cheung ASC. Electronic transitions of palladium dimer. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:194303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4829767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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The effect of alloying on the H-atom adsorption on the (100) surfaces of Pd-Ag, Pd-Pt, Pd-Au, Pt-Ag, and Pt-Au. A theoretical study. OPEN CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11532-011-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe effect of alloying on the adsorption of atomic hydrogen was studied using density functional theory (DFT). In the study the (100) surfaces of Pd-Ag, Pd-Pt, Pd-Au, Pt-Ag, and Pt-Au alloys were considered by means of a cluster model. The structural and energetic properties of the H atom adsorbed on the Pd4Me (Me = Ag, Pt, Au) and Pt4Me (Me = Pd, Ag, Au) clusters were calculated and compared with the H-atom adsorption on monometallic clusters. The effect of alloying on the H-atom adsorption is evident for all the investigated bimetallic systems. However, it strongly depends on the second metal atom, Me, is placed in the surface layer or in the subsurface one. In general, the H atom adsorbed in a site containing the second metal exhibits different properties from those characteristic of its adsorption on Pd(100) and Pt(100). Hence, the modified interaction between atomic hydrogen and the alloyed surfaces may increase the selectivity of the catalytic hydrogenation reactions on such surfaces.
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Aydin M, Lombardi JR. Resonant Multiphoton Fragmentation Spectrum of Niobium Dimer Cation. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2809-20. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809089y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Analysis of Structures and Interfaces (CASI), The City College of New York (CCNY), New York, New York 10031
| | - John R. Lombardi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Analysis of Structures and Interfaces (CASI), The City College of New York (CCNY), New York, New York 10031
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Nagarajan R, Sickafoose SM, Morse MD. Rotationally resolved spectra of jet-cooled VMo. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:014311. [PMID: 17627350 DOI: 10.1063/1.2747617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors report the first gas-phase spectroscopic investigation of diatomic vanadium molybdenum (VMo). The molecules were produced by laser ablation of a VMo alloy disk and cooled in a helium supersonic expansion. The jet-cooled VMo molecules were studied using resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy. The ground state has been demonstrated to be of (2)Delta(52) symmetry, deriving from the dsigma(2)dpi(4)ddelta(3)ssigma(2) electronic configuration. Rotational analysis has established the ground state bond length and rotational constant as r(0) (")=1.876 57(23) A and B(0) (")=0.142 861(35) cm(-1), respectively, for (51)V(98)Mo (1sigma error limits). Transitions to states with Omega(')=2.5, Omega(')=3.5, and Omega(')=1.5 have been recorded and rotationally analyzed. A band system originating at 15 091 cm(-1) has been found to exhibit a vibrational progression with omega(e) (')=752.7 cm(-1), omega(e) (')x(e) (')=12.8 cm(-1), and r(0) (')=1.90 A for (51)V(98)Mo. The measured bond lengths (r(0)) of V(2), VNb, Nb(2), Cr(2), CrMo, Mo(2), VCr, NbCr, and VMo have been used to derive multiple bonding radii for these elements of r(V)=0.8919 A, r(Nb)=1.0424 A, r(Cr)=0.8440 A, and r(Mo)=0.9725 A. These values reproduce the bond lengths of all nine diatomics to an accuracy of +/-0.012 A or better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Russon LM, Heidecke SA, Birke MK, Conceicao J, Morse MD, Armentrout PB. Photodissociation measurements of bond dissociation energies: Ti+2, V+2, Co+2, and Co+3. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ho J, Polak ML, Ervin KM, Lineberger WC. Photoelectron spectroscopy of nickel group dimers: Ni−2, Pd−2, and Pt−2. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Russon LM, Heidecke SA, Birke MK, Conceicao J, Armentrout P, Morse MD. The bond energy of Co+2. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)90002-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Menezes WJC, Knickelbein MB. Photodissociation spectroscopy of NbnArmcomplexes. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Doverstål M, Lindgren B, Sassenberg U, Arrington CA, Morse MD. The 3Π0u ← X 3Δ1g band system of jet‐cooled Ti2. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Spain EM, Morse MD. Ligand‐field theory applied to diatomic transition metals. Results for thedA9dB9σ2states of Ni2, thedNi9dCu10σ2states of NiCu, and thedNi8(3F)dCu10σ2σ*1excited states of NiCu. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Spain EM, Morse MD. The 3dNi8(3F)3dCu10σ2σ*1 manifold of excited electronic states of NiCu. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Spain EM, Behm JM, Morse MD. The 846 nm A’ 3Σ−u←X 3Σ−g band system of jet‐cooled V2. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bishea GA, Arrington CA, Behm JM, Morse MD. Resonant two‐photon ionization spectroscopy of coinage metal trimers: Cu2Ag, Cu2Au, and CuAgAu. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ho J, Ervin KM, Polak ML, Gilles MK, Lineberger WC. A study of the electronic structures of Pd−2 and Pd2 by photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Heteronuclear transition metal diatomics: The bonding and electronic structure of ScNi, YNi, ScPd, and YPd. Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(91)80053-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Taylor S, Spain EM, Morse MD. Resonant two‐photon ionization spectroscopy of jet‐cooled NiPt. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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