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Pasitsuparoad P, Angulo G. How relevant is anisotropy in bimolecular electron transfer reactions in liquid crystals? J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Krueger TD, Boulanger SA, Zhu L, Tang L, Fang C. Discovering a rotational barrier within a charge-transfer state of a photoexcited chromophore in solution. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:024901. [PMID: 32161777 PMCID: PMC7056454 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Methylation occurs in a myriad of systems with protective and regulatory functions. 8-methoxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (MPTS), a methoxy derivative of a photoacid, serves as a model system to study effects of methylation on the excited state potential energy landscape. A suite of spectroscopic techniques including transient absorption, wavelength-tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), and fluorescence quantum yield measurements via steady-state electronic spectroscopy reveal the energy dissipation pathways of MPTS following photoexcitation. Various solvents enable a systematic characterization of the H-bonding interaction, viscosity, and dynamic solvation that influence the ensuing relaxation pathways. The formation of a charge-transfer state out of the Franck-Condon region occurs on the femtosecond-to-picosecond solvation timescale before encountering a rotational barrier. The rotational relaxation correlates with the H-bond donating strength of solvent, while the rotational time constant lengthens as solvent viscosity increases. Time-resolved excited-state FSRS, aided by quantum calculations, provides crucial structural dynamics knowledge and reveals the sulfonate groups playing a dominant role during solvation. Several prominent vibrational motions of the pyrene ring backbone help maneuver the population toward the more fluorescent state. These ultrafast correlated electronic and nuclear motions ultimately govern the fate of the photoexcited chromophore in solution. Overall, MPTS in water displays the highest probability to fluoresce, while the aprotic and more viscous dimethyl sulfoxide enhances the nonradiative pathways. These mechanistic insights may apply robustly to other photoexcited chromophores that do not undergo excited-state proton transfer or remain trapped in a broad electronic state and also provide design principles to control molecular optical responses with site-specific atomic substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor D. Krueger
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Sean A. Boulanger
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Liangdong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Longteng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Kumpulainen T, Lang B, Rosspeintner A, Vauthey E. Ultrafast Elementary Photochemical Processes of Organic Molecules in Liquid Solution. Chem Rev 2016; 117:10826-10939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatu Kumpulainen
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Lang
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Arnulf Rosspeintner
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry,
Sciences II, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Feskov SV, Mikhailova VA, Ivanov AI. Non-equilibrium effects in ultrafast photoinduced charge transfer kinetics. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Synthesis, spectroscopy and computational studies of some novel π-conjugated vinyl N-alkylated quinolinium salts and their precursor's. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shuai L, Luterbacher J. Organic Solvent Effects in Biomass Conversion Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:133-155. [PMID: 26676907 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Transforming lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals has been intensely studied in recent years. A large amount of work has been dedicated to finding suitable solvent systems, which can improve the transformation of biomass into value-added chemicals. These efforts have been undertaken based on numerous research results that have shown that organic solvents can improve both conversion and selectivity of biomass to platform molecules. We present an overview of these organic solvent effects, which are harnessed in biomass conversion processes, including conversion of biomass to sugars, conversion of sugars to furanic compounds, and production of lignin monomers. A special emphasis is placed on comparing the solvent effects on conversion and product selectivity in water with those in organic solvents while discussing the origins of the differences that arise. We have categorized results as benefiting from two major types of effects: solvent effects on solubility of biomass components including cellulose and lignin and solvent effects on chemical thermodynamics including those affecting reactants, intermediates, products, and/or catalysts. Finally, the challenges of using organic solvents in industrial processes are discussed from the perspective of solvent cost, solvent stability, and solvent safety. We suggest that a holistic view of solvent effects, the mechanistic elucidation of these effects, and the careful consideration of the challenges associated with solvent use could assist researchers in choosing and designing improved solvent systems for targeted biomass conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shuai
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH.H2.545, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy Luterbacher
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Catalytic Processing, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH.H2.545, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Mikhailova VA, Ivanov AI. Perturbative analysis of the probability of the nonthermal transfer of an electron. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793111060248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rogozina MV, Ionkin VN, Ivanov AI. What Factors Control Product Yield in Charge Separation Reaction from Second Excited State in Zinc–Porphyrin Derivatives? J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:1159-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210988k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina V. Rogozina
- Volgograd State University, University
Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Ionkin
- Volgograd State University, University
Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University
Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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Mikhailova VA, Feskov SV, Ionkin VN, Yudanov VV, Ivanov AI. Nonequilibrium Ultrafast Charge Transfer Reactions in Photoexcited Donor-Acceptor Pairs. CHEMISTRY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-8650-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Ivanov AI, Mikhailova VA. The influence of product decomposition on the probability of nonthermal transitions in charge transfer reactions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793108050011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ionkin VN, Ivanov AI. Numerical Simulations of Ultrafast Charge Separation Dynamics from Second Excited State of Directly Linked Zinc−Porphyrin−Imide Dyads and Ensuing Hot Charge Recombination into the First Excited State. J Phys Chem A 2008; 113:103-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806589m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N. Ionkin
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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Feskov SV, Ionkin VN, Ivanov AI, Hagemann H, Vauthey E. Solvent and Spectral Effects in the Ultrafast Charge Recombination Dynamics of Excited Donor−Acceptor Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:594-601. [DOI: 10.1021/jp709587x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gladkikh V, Burshtein AI, Feskov SV, Ivanov AI, Vauthey E. Hot recombination of photogenerated ion pairs. J Chem Phys 2007; 123:244510. [PMID: 16396552 DOI: 10.1063/1.2140279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombination dynamics of ion pairs generated upon electron transfer quenching of perylene in the first singlet excited state by tetracyanoethylene in acetonitrile is quantitatively described by the extended unified theory of photoionization/recombination. The extension incorporates the hot recombination of the ion pair passing through the level-crossing point during its diffusive motion along the reaction coordinate down to the equilibrium state. The ultrafast hot recombination vastly reduces the yield of equilibrated ion pairs subjected to subsequent thermal charge recombination and separation into free ions. The relatively successful fit of the theory to the experimentally measured kinetics of ion accumulation/recombination and free ion yield represents a firm justification of hot recombination of about 90% of primary generated ion pairs.
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Feskov SV, Ionkin VN, Ivanov AI. Effect of High-Frequency Modes and Hot Transitions on Free Energy Gap Dependence of Charge Recombination Rate. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:11919-25. [PMID: 17064179 DOI: 10.1021/jp063280z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The charge recombination (CR) dynamics of geminate ion pairs formed by excitation of the ground-state donor-acceptor complexes in polar solvent have been investigated within the framework of stochastic approach. It is shown that for low exergonic reactions these dynamics critically depend on the reorganization energy of intramolecular high-frequency mode. Even moderate reorganization energies (0.1-0.2 eV) significantly accelerate the excited-state population decay making it nearly exponential. In the solvent-controlled regime, the majority of the excited donor-acceptor complexes recombine at nonthermal (hot) stage when the nonequilibrium initial wave packet passes through a number of term crossings corresponding to the transitions with creation of several vibrational quanta. Analysis of this mechanism allows to conclude (i) the CR in viscous solvents proceeds much faster than the diffusive relaxation of solvent, (ii) under certain conditions, the CR rate becomes practically independent of the diffusive component of solvent relaxation which is determined by solvent viscosity, (iii) in contrast to predictions of Marcus theory, the CR rate decreases monotonically with the rise of reaction exergonicity even at small free energy gaps, in accordance with experimental results. Two semiquantitative approaches providing rather simple analytical expressions for the hot charge recombination dynamics are suggested. These approximations give a good reproduction of the excited-state decay in the wide area of model parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei V Feskov
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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Khohlova SS, Mikhailova VA, Ivanov AI. Three-centered model of ultrafast photoinduced charge transfer: Continuum dielectric approach. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:114507. [PMID: 16555901 DOI: 10.1063/1.2178810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A theoretical description of photoinduced charge transfer involves explicit treating both the optical formation of the nuclear wave packet on the excited free energy surface and its ensuing dynamics. The reaction pathway constitutes two-stage charge transfer between three centers. Manifestations of fractional charge transfer at first stage are explored. An expression for time dependent rate constant of photoinduced charge transfer is found in the framework of the linear dielectric continuum model of the medium. The model involves both the intramolecular vibrational reorganization and the Coulombic interaction of the transferred charge with the medium polarization fluctuations and allows to express the rate in terms of intramolecular reorganization parameters and complex dielectric permittivity. The influence of the vibrational coherent motion in the locally excited state on the charge transfer dynamics has been explored. The dependence of the ultrafast photoinduced charge transfer dynamics on the excitation pulse carrier frequency (spectral effect) has been investigated. The spectral effect has been shown to depend on quantity of the fractional charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S Khohlova
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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Feskov SV, Ivanov AI, Burshtein AI. Integral encounter theory of strong electron transfer. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:124509. [PMID: 15836399 DOI: 10.1063/1.1871935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The integral encounter theory (IET) has been extended to the reactions limited by diffusion along the reaction coordinate to the level crossing points where either thermal or hot electron transfer occurs. IET describes the bimolecular ionization of the instantaneously excited electron donor D* followed by the hot geminate backward transfer which precedes the ion pair equilibration and its subsequent thermal recombination. We demonstrate that the fraction of ion pairs which avoids the hot recombination is much smaller than their initial number when the electron tunneling is strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Feskov
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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Fedunov RG, Ivanov AI. Effect of the excitation pulse frequency on the ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer dynamics. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:064501. [PMID: 15740382 DOI: 10.1063/1.1844371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dependence of the ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer dynamics in donor-acceptor complexes on the excitation pulse carrier frequency (spectral effect) has been investigated in the framework of a model involving three electronic state. The spectral effect has been shown to strongly depend on the angle theta between the reaction coordinate directions corresponding to optical and charge transfer transitions. Describing the solvent as a linear homogenous polar medium and accounting for Coulombic interaction of the transferred charge with the medium polarization fluctuations, the angle theta has been found out to be typically in the area 40 degrees -85 degrees. Exactly in this area of theta the spectral effect is predicted to be most pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman G Fedunov
- Department of Physics, Volgograd State University, University Avenue, 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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Najbar J, Tachiya M. Transient kinetics of charge separation influenced by the reactant translational diffusion and solvent rotational relaxation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0969-806x(95)00087-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gajdek P, Najbar J, Turek A. Effect of the electric field on the electron transfer processes in symmetrical dimeric systems. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/1010-6030(94)03854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mikhelashvili MS, Krissinel EB. Reversible charge transfer in dielectric restricted and fractal solids: Low concentration of acceptors. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Najbar J, Boczar M, Turek A. Populations of the radical transients accompanying bimolecular electron transfer reactions in solutions. Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(92)80021-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dorfman RC, Fayer MD. The influence of diffusion on photoinduced electron transfer and geminate recombination. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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