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Uvarova L, Rednyk S, Dohnal P, Kassayová M, Saito S, Roučka Š, Plašil R, Johnsen R, Glosík J. Recombination of vibrationally cold N2+ ions with electrons. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2887561. [PMID: 37125712 DOI: 10.1063/5.0149110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombination of vibrationally cold N2+ ions with electrons was studied in the temperature range of 140-250 K. A cryogenic stationary afterglow apparatus equipped with cavity ring-down spectrometer and microwave diagnostics was utilized to probe in situ the time evolutions of number densities of particular rotational and vibrational states of N2+ ions and of electrons. The obtained value of the recombination rate coefficient for the recombination of the vibrational ground state of N2+ with electrons is αv=0 = (2.95 ± 0.50) × 10-7(300/T)(0.28±0.07) cm3 s-1, while that for the first vibrationally excited state was inferred as αv=1 = (4 ± 4) × 10-8 cm3 s-1 at 250 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Uvarova
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Rednyk
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Dohnal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Kassayová
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Saito
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Š Roučka
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Plašil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - J Glosík
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Guberman SL. The vibrational dependence of dissociative recombination: rate constants for N2 (+). J Chem Phys 2014; 141:204307. [PMID: 25429942 DOI: 10.1063/1.4901892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissociative recombination rate constants are reported with electron temperature dependent uncertainties for the lowest 5 vibrational levels of the N2 (+) ground state. The rate constants are determined from ab initio calculations of potential curves, electronic widths, quantum defects, and cross sections. At 100 K electron temperature, the rate constants overlap with the exception of the third vibrational level. At and above 300 K, the rate constants for excited vibrational levels are significantly smaller than that for the ground level. It is shown that any experimentally determined total rate constant at 300 K electron temperature that is smaller than 2.0 × 10(-7) cm(3)/s is likely to be for ions that have a substantially excited vibrational population. Using the vibrational level specific rate constants, the total rate constant is in very good agreement with that for an excited vibrational distribution found in a storage ring experiment. It is also shown that a prior analysis of a laser induced fluorescence experiment is quantitatively flawed due to the need to account for reactions with unknown rate constants. Two prior calculations of the dissociative recombination rate constant are shown to be inconsistent with the cross sections upon which they are based. The rate constants calculated here contribute to the resolution of a 30 year old disagreement between modeled and observed N2 (+) ionospheric densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Guberman
- Institute for Scientific Research, 22 Bonad Road, Winchester, Massachusetts 01890, USA
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Guberman SL. Spectroscopy above the ionization threshold: Dissociative recombination of the ground vibrational level of N2+. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:074309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4739472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Guberman SL. Role of excited core Rydberg states in dissociative recombination. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11254-60. [PMID: 17547378 DOI: 10.1021/jp070892q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intermediate states formed during the dissociative recombination of molecular ions with electrons can play significant roles in determining the magnitude of the total rate coefficient. These resonances are Rydberg states of two types, that is, they can have the ground or excited states of the ion as a core. Those with the excited cores have a fundamentally different excitation mechanism than those with the ground state core. The importance of excited core states in dissociative recombination has received only limited attention in the literature. Theoretical calculations on the dissociative recombination of N2+ are reported which compare the two types of resonances. Potential curves, electronic widths, cross sections, and rate coefficients are calculated for dissociative recombination along the 2(1)Sigma(g)+ state, one of several routes for the dissociative recombination of N2+. The ground core resonances, in this example, are relatively unimportant compared to those with the excited core. Inclusion of the excited core resonances increases the rate coefficient by about a factor of 4 at room temperature, but the increase is not enough to establish 2(1)Sigma(g)+ as the dominant dissociative route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Guberman
- Institute for Scientific Research, 22 Bonad Road, Winchester, Massachusetts 01890, USA.
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Adams NG, Poterya V, Babcock LM. Electron molecular ion recombination: product excitation and fragmentation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:798-828. [PMID: 16783766 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electron-ion dissociative recombination is an important ionization loss process in any ionized gas containing molecular ions. This includes the interstellar medium, circumstellar shells, cometary comae, planetary ionospheres, fusion plasma boundaries, combustion flames, laser plasmas and chemical deposition and etching plasmas. In addition to controlling the ionization density, the process generates many radical species, which can contribute to a parallel neutral chemistry. Techniques used to obtain rate data and product information (flowing afterglows and storage rings) are discussed and recent data are reviewed including diatomic to polyatomic ions and cluster ions. The data are divided into rate coefficients and cross sections, including their temperature/energy dependencies, and quantitative identification of neutral reaction products. The latter involve both ground and electronically excited states and including vibrational excitation. The data from the different techniques are compared and trends in the data are examined. The reactions are considered in terms of the basic mechanisms (direct and indirect processes including tunneling) and recent theoretical developments are discussed. Finally, new techniques are mentioned (for product identification; electrostatic storage rings, including single and double rings; Coulomb explosion) and new ways forward are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Poterya V, McLain JL, Adams NG, Babcock LM. Mechanisms of Electron-Ion Recombination of N2H+/N2D+ and HCO+/DCO+ Ions: Temperature Dependence and Isotopic Effect. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7181-6. [PMID: 16834082 DOI: 10.1021/jp051945b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The temperature dependencies of the rate coefficients, alpha(e), for electron-ion dissociative recombination (DR) of N2H+/N2D+ and HCO+/DCO+ ions with electrons have been measured over the range 100-500 K. Also, optical emissions have been detected at approximately 100 K from the N2(B3(pi)g) electronically excited products of N2H+/N2D+ recombination. The measurements were carried out using the classic FALP technique combined with an optical monochromator. For N2H+, there was no variation of alpha(e) with temperature above 200 K, with an average value of alpha(e)(N2H+) = 2.8 x 10(-7) cm3 s(-1). The temperature variation for T approximately 100-300 K observed for alpha(e)(HCO+) is similar to that of N2H+ ions for T approximately 300-500 K. The smaller rate coefficient measured for DCO+ and N2D+ ions shows the influence of an isotope effect. The substantial enhancement of the vibrational level, upsilon' = 6, from the N2B state for N2H+ recombination over N2D+ recombination is consistent with previous result at 300 K and implies the influence of a tunneling mechanism of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Poterya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Sheehan CH. Dissociative recombination of N2+, O2+, and NO+: Rate coefficients for ground state and vibrationally excited ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003ja010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rebrion-Rowe C, Mostefaoui T, Laubé S, Mitchell JBA. The dissociative recombination of hydrocarbon ions. III. Methyl-substituted benzene ring compounds. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1286974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Peterson JR, Le Padellec A, Danared H, Dunn GH, Larsson M, Larson A, Peverall R, Strömholm C, Rosén S, af Ugglas M, van der Zande WJ. Dissociative recombination and excitation of N2+: Cross sections and product branching ratios. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gougousi T, Johnsen R, Golde MF. Yield determination of OH(v=0,1) radicals produced by the electron-ion recombination of H3O+ ions. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kella D, Johnson PJ, Pedersen HB, Vejby-Christensen L, Andersen LH. Branching Ratios for Dissociative Recombination of 15N14 N+. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1996; 77:2432-2435. [PMID: 10061952 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.77.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Studies of the formation of cluster ions NH4+·(NH3)n, n = 1–4, using a high pressure flowing afterglow apparatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(95)04259-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Electron-Ion Continuum-Continuum Mixing in Dissociative Recombination. DISSOCIATIVE RECOMBINATION 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2976-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Canosa A, Gomet JC, Rowe BR, Mitchell JBA, Queffelec JL. Further measurements of the H+3(v=0,1,2) dissociative recombination rate coefficient. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rowe BR, Gomet JC, Canosa A, Rebrion C, Mitchell JBA. A further study of HCO+ dissociative recombination. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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