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Liu Y, Ončák M, Meyer J, Ard SG, Shuman NS, Viggiano AA, Guo H. Multistate Dynamics and Kinetics of CO 2 Activation by Ta + in the Gas Phase: Insights into Single-Atom Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14182-14193. [PMID: 38741473 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The activation of carbon dioxide (CO2) by a transition-metal cation in the gas phase is a unique model system for understanding single-atom catalysis. The mechanism of such reactions is often attributed to a "two-state reactivity" model in which the high-energy barrier of a spin state correlating with ground-state reactants is avoided by intersystem crossing (ISC) to a different spin state with a lower barrier. However, such a "spin-forbidden" mechanism, along with the corresponding dynamics, has seldom been rigorously examined theoretically, due to the lack of global potential energy surfaces (PESs). In this work, we report full-dimensional PESs of the lowest-lying quintet, triplet, and singlet states of the TaCO2+ system, machine-learned from first-principles data. These PESs and the corresponding spin-orbit couplings enable us to provide an extensive theoretical characterization of the dynamics and kinetics of the reaction between the tantalum cation (Ta+) and CO2, which have recently been investigated experimentally at high collision energies using crossed beams and velocity map imaging, as well as at thermal energies using a selected-ion flow tube apparatus. The multistate quasi-classical trajectory simulations with surface hopping reproduce most of the measured product translational and angular distributions, shedding valuable light on the nonadiabatic reaction dynamics. The calculated rate coefficients from 200 to 600 K are also in good agreement with the latest experimental measurements. More importantly, these calculations revealed that the reaction is controlled by intersystem crossing, rather than potential barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstra. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jennifer Meyer
- Fachbereich Chemie und Forschungszentrum OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger Str. 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Sweeny BC, Long BA, Viggiano AA, Ard SG, Shuman NS. Effect of Intersystem Crossings on the Kinetics of Thermal Ion-Molecule Reactions: Ti + + O 2, CO 2, and N 2O. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:859-869. [PMID: 35107288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A selected-ion flow tube apparatus has been used to measure rate constants and product branching fractions of 2Ti+ reacting with O2, CO2, and N2O over the range of 200-600 K. Ti+ + O2 proceeds at near the Langevin capture rate constant of 6-7 × 10-10 cm3 s-1 at all temperatures to yield 4TiO+ + O. Reactions initiated on doublet or quartet surfaces are formally spin-allowed; however, the 50% of reactions initiated on sextet surfaces must undergo an intersystem crossing (ISC). Statistical theory is used to calculate the energy and angular momentum dependences of the specific rate constants for the competing isomerization and dissociation channels. This acts as an internal clock on the lifetime to ISC, setting an upper limit on the order of τISC < 1e-11 s. 2Ti+ + CO2 produces 4TiO+ + CO less efficiently, with a rate constant fit as 5.5 ± 1.3 × 10-11 (T/300)-1.1 ± 0.2 cm3 s-1. The reaction is formally spin-prohibited, and statistical modeling shows that ISC, not a submerged transition state, is rate-limiting, occurring with a lifetime on the order of 10-7 s. Ti+ + N2O proceeds at near the capture rate constant. In this case, both Ti+ON2 and Ti+N2O entrance channel complexes are formed and can interconvert over a barrier. The main product is >90% TiO+ + N2, and the remainder is TiN+ + NO. Both channels need to undergo ISC to form ground-state products but TiO+ can be formed in an excited state exothermically. Therefore, kinetic information is obtained only for the TiN+ channel, where ISC occurs with a lifetime on the order of 10-9 s. Statistical modeling indicates that the dipole-preferred Ti+ON2 complex is formed in ∼80% of collisions, and this value is reproduced using a capture model based on the generic ion-dipole + quadrupole long-range potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan C Sweeny
- Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Boston, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Bryan A Long
- NRC Postdoc at Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, United States
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Xie C, Liu X, Sweeny BC, Miller TM, Ard SG, Shuman NS, Viggiano AA, Guo H. Probing the rate-determining region of the potential energy surface for a prototypical ion-molecule reaction. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:rsta.2017.0146. [PMID: 29431688 PMCID: PMC5805915 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a joint experimental-theoretical study of the F- + HCl → HF + Cl- reaction kinetics. The experimental measurement of the rate coefficient at several temperatures was made using the selected ion flow tube method. Theoretical rate coefficients are calculated using the quasi-classical trajectory method on a newly developed global potential energy surface, obtained by fitting a large number of high-level ab initio points with augmentation of long-range electrostatic terms. In addition to good agreement between experiment and theory, analyses suggest that the ion-molecule reaction rate is significantly affected by shorter-range interactions, in addition to the traditionally recognized ion-dipole and ion-induced dipole terms. Furthermore, the statistical nature of the reaction is assessed by comparing the measured and calculated HF product vibrational state distributions to that predicted by the phase space theory.This article is part of the theme issue 'Modern theoretical chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xinguo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Brendan C Sweeny
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117, USA
| | - Thomas M Miller
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117, USA
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117, USA
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117, USA
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Nikitin EE, Troe J. Quantum and classical calculations of adiabatic and nonadiabatic capture rates for anisotropic interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19971010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Viggiano AA, Midey A, Eyet N, Bierbaum VM, Troe J. Dissociative excitation transfer in the reaction of O[sub 2](a[sup 1]Δ[sub g]) with OH[sup −](H[sub 2]O)[sub 1,2] clusters. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:094303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3212839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Parkes MA, Ali S, Tuckett RP, Mikhailov VA, Mayhew CA. Selected ion flow tube cation–molecule reaction studies and threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy of cyclic-C5F8. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5222-31. [DOI: 10.1039/b704862a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Parkes MA, Ali S, Tuckett RP, Mikhailov VA, Mayhew CA. Threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy and selected ion flow tube cation-molecule reaction studies of cyclic-C4F8. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:3643-52. [PMID: 16883393 DOI: 10.1039/b604726b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Using tunable vacuum-UV radiation from a synchrotron, the threshold photoelectron and threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) spectra of cyclic-C4F8 in the range 11-25 eV have been recorded. The parent ion is observed very weakly at threshold, 11.60 eV, and is most likely to have cyclic geometry. Ion yield curves and branching ratios have been determined for five fragments. Above threshold, the first ion observed is C3F5+, at slightly higher energy C2F4+, then successively CF+, CF2+ and CF3+ are formed. The dominant ions are C3F5+ and C2F4+, with the data suggesting the presence of a barrier in the exit channel to production of C3F5+ whilst no barrier to production of C2F4+. In complementary experiments, the product branching ratios and rate coefficients have been measured in a selected ion flow tube (SIFT) at 298 K for the bimolecular reactions of cyclic-C4F8 with a large number of atomic and small molecular cations. Below the energy where charge transfer becomes energetically allowed, only one of the ions, CF2+, reacts. Above this energy, all but one of the remaining ions react. Experimental rate coefficients are consistently greater than the collisional values calculated from modified average dipole orientation theory. The inclusion of an additional ion-quadrupole interaction has allowed better agreement to be achieved. With the exception of N+, a comparison of the fragment ion branching ratios from the TPEPICO and SIFT data suggest that long-range charge transfer is the dominate mechanism for reactions of ions with recombination energy between 12.9 and 15.8 eV. For all other ions, either short-range charge transfer or a chemical reaction, involving cleavage and making of new bond(s), is the dominant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Parkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT.
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Marçalo J, Leal JP, Pires de Matos A, Marshall AG. Gas-Phase Actinide Ion Chemistry: FT-ICR/MS Study of the Reactions of Thorium and Uranium Metal and Oxide Ions with Arenes. Organometallics 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/om970206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Marçalo
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, P-2686 Sacavém Codex, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Leal
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, P-2686 Sacavém Codex, Portugal
| | - António Pires de Matos
- Departamento de Química, Instituto Tecnológico e Nuclear, P-2686 Sacavém Codex, Portugal
| | - Alan G. Marshall
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 East Paul Dirac Drive, Tallahassee, Florida 32310
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Maergoiz AI, Nikitin EE, Troe J, Ushakov VG. Classical trajectory and adiabatic channel study of the transition from adiabatic to sudden capture dynamics. II. Ion–quadrupole capture. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Maergoiz AI, Nikitin EE, Troe J. Adiabatic channel study of the capture of nitrogen and oxygen molecules by an ion: effect of nuclear symmetry and spin-spin interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01426420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wei J, Meng Q, Su T. Trajectory studies of the reaction F −+HCl→HF+Cl −. I. Reaction rate constant. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Turulski J, Pezler B, Niedzielski J. Classical transition state theory for the ion—linear quadrupole capture. Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(92)87011-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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