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Sen A, Pratt ST. Double-resonance studies of electronically autoionizing states of molecular nitrogen. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1544672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Sen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - S. T. Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
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2
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Suits AG. Invited Review Article: Photofragment imaging. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:111101. [PMID: 30501356 DOI: 10.1063/1.5045325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodissociation studies in molecular beams that employ position-sensitive particle detection to map product recoil velocities emerged thirty years ago and continue to evolve with new laser and detector technologies. These powerful methods allow application of tunable laser detection of single product quantum states, simultaneous measurement of velocity and angular momentum polarization, measurement of joint product state distributions for the detected and undetected products, coincident detection of multiple product channels, and application to radicals and ions as well as closed-shell molecules. These studies have permitted deep investigation of photochemical dynamics for a broad range of systems, revealed new reaction mechanisms, and addressed problems of practical importance in atmospheric, combustion, and interstellar chemistry. This review presents an historical overview, a detailed technical account of the range of methods employed, and selected experimental highlights illustrating the capabilities of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Warrick ER, Fidler AP, Cao W, Bloch E, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Multiple pulse coherent dynamics and wave packet control of the N2 a′′ 1Σ+g dark state by attosecond four-wave mixing. Faraday Discuss 2018; 212:157-174. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00074c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dark states of molecular nitrogen in the XUV region are spectroscopically investigated using few-femtosecond dynamic wave packet control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika R. Warrick
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ashley P. Fidler
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Wei Cao
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Etienne Bloch
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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4
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Germann M, Willitsch S. Fine- and hyperfine-structure effects in molecular photoionization. II. Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization and hyperfine-selective generation of molecular cations. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:044315. [PMID: 27475369 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) is a widely used technique for studying molecular photoionization and producing molecular cations for spectroscopy and dynamics studies. Here, we present a model for describing hyperfine-structure effects in the REMPI process and for predicting hyperfine populations in molecular ions produced by this method. This model is a generalization of our model for fine- and hyperfine-structure effects in one-photon ionization of molecules presented in Paper I [M. Germann and S. Willitsch, J. Chem. Phys. 145, 044314 (2016)]. This generalization is achieved by covering two main aspects: (1) treatment of the neutral bound-bound transition including the hyperfine structure that makes up the first step of the REMPI process and (2) modification of our ionization model to account for anisotropic populations resulting from this first excitation step. Our findings may be used for analyzing results from experiments with molecular ions produced by REMPI and may serve as a theoretical background for hyperfine-selective ionization experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Germann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Willitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Harding DJ, Neugebohren J, Auerbach DJ, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM. Using Ion Imaging to Measure Velocity Distributions in Surface Scattering Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12255-62. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan J. Harding
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. Neugebohren
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - T. N. Kitsopoulos
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
- Institute
of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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6
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McGuire S, Miles R. Collision induced ultraviolet structure in nitrogen radar REMPI spectra. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:244301. [PMID: 25554145 DOI: 10.1063/1.4904261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present 2 + 2 radar REMPI measurements in molecular nitrogen under atmospheric conditions and observe a strong interference in the (1,0) vibrational band of the a(1)Πg ← X(1)Σg(+) electronic manifold. The interference is suppressed by using circularly polarized light, permitting rotational analysis of the 2 + 2 radar REMPI spectrum. It is observed in pure nitrogen, though the structure varies with gas composition. The structure also varies with temperature and pressure. These results indicate that it is collision induced. We hypothesize that the source of the interference is a 3 + 1 REMPI process through the a(″1)Σg(+) electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McGuire
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Miles
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Harding DJ, Neugebohren J, Grütter M, Schmidt-May AF, Auerbach DJ, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM. Single-field slice-imaging with a movable repeller: photodissociation of N₂O from a hot nozzle. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:054201. [PMID: 25106578 DOI: 10.1063/1.4891469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new photo-fragment imaging spectrometer, which employs a movable repeller in a single field imaging geometry. This innovation offers two principal advantages. First, the optimal fields for velocity mapping can easily be achieved even using a large molecular beam diameter (5 mm); the velocity resolution (better than 1%) is sufficient to easily resolve photo-electron recoil in (2 + 1) resonant enhanced multiphoton ionization of N2 photoproducts from N2O or from molecular beam cooled N2. Second, rapid changes between spatial imaging, velocity mapping, and slice imaging are straightforward. We demonstrate this technique's utility in a re-investigation of the photodissociation of N2O. Using a hot nozzle, we observe slice images that strongly depend on nozzle temperature. Our data indicate that in our hot nozzle expansion, only pure bending vibrations--(0, v2, 0)--are populated, as vibrational excitation in pure stretching or bend-stretch combination modes are quenched via collisional near-resonant V-V energy transfer to the nearly degenerate bending states. We derive vibrationally state resolved absolute absorption cross-sections for (0, v2 ≤ 7, 0). These results agree well with previous work at lower values of v2, both experimental and theoretical. The dissociation energy of N2O with respect to the O((1)D) + N2¹Σ(g)⁺ asymptote was determined to be 3.65 ± 0.02 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Harding
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Neugebohren
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M Grütter
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A F Schmidt-May
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D J Auerbach
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - T N Kitsopoulos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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Gichuhi WK, Suits AG. Low-temperature branching ratios for the reaction of state-prepared N2(+) with acetonitrile. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:938-42. [PMID: 22175803 DOI: 10.1021/jp207096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the primary product branching ratio (BR) for the reaction of state-prepared nitrogen cation (N(2)(+)) with acetonitrile (CH(3)CN), a possible minor constituent of Titan's upper atmosphere, is reported. The ion-molecule reaction occurs in the collision region of the supersonic nozzle expansion that is characterized by a rotational temperature of 45 ± 5 K. A BR of 0.86 ± 0.01/0.14 ± 0.01 is obtained for the formation CH(2)CN(+) and the CH(3)CN(+) product ions, respectively. The reported BR overwhelmingly favors the formation of CH(2)CN(+) product channel and is consistent with a simple capture process that is accompanied by a nonresonant dissociative charge transfer reaction. The BRs are independent of the N(2) rotational levels excited. Apart from providing insights onto the dynamics of the title ion-molecule reaction, the reported BR represents the most accurate available low-temperature experimental measurement for the reaction useful to aid in the accurate modeling of Titan's nitrile chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K Gichuhi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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Gichuhi WK, Suits AG. Primary Branching Ratios for the Low-Temperature Reaction of State-Prepared N2+ with CH4, C2H2, and C2H4. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:7105-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp112427r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K. Gichuhi
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit Michigan 48202, United States
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10
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Guo Y, Bhattacharya A, Bernstein ER. Decomposition of excited electronic state s-tetrazine and its energetic derivatives. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:024318. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3523649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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11
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Teale AM, Tozer DJ. Ground- and excited-state diatomic bond lengths, vibrational levels, and potential-energy curves from conventional and localized Hartree–Fock-based density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:34101. [PMID: 15740186 DOI: 10.1063/1.1824892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground- and excited-state diatomic bond lengths, vibrational levels, and potential-energy curves are determined using conventional and localized Hartree-Fock (LHF)-based density-functional theory. Exchange only and hybrid functionals (with various fractions of exchange) are considered, together with a standard generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Ground-state bond lengths and vibrational wave numbers are relatively insensitive to whether orbital exchange is treated using the conventional or LHF approach. Excited-state calculations are much more sensitive. For a standard fraction of orbital exchange, N2 and CO vertical excitation energies at experimental bond lengths are accurately described by both conventional and LHF-based approaches, providing an asymptotic correction is present. Excited-state bond lengths and vibrational levels are more accurate with the conventional approach. The best quality, however, is obtained with an asymptotically corrected GGA functional. For the ground and lowest four singlet excited states, the GGA mean absolute errors in bond lengths are 0.006 A (0.5%) and 0.011 A (0.8%) for N2 and CO, respectively. Mean absolute errors in fundamental vibrational wavenumbers are 49 cm(-1) (2.7%) and 68 cm(-1) (5.0%), respectively. The GGA potential-energy curves are compared with near-exact Rydberg-Klein-Rees curves. Agreement is very good for the ground and first excited state, but deteriorates for the higher states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Teale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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12
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Mortensen H, Jensen E, Diekhöner L, Baurichter A, Luntz AC, Petrunin VV. State resolved inelastic scattering of N2 from Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1575210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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13
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Hansen N, Wodtke A, Komissarov A, Heaven M. Photodissociation dynamics of ClN3 at 203 nm: the NCl (/) product branching ratio. Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Diekhöner L, Hornekær L, Mortensen H, Jensen E, Baurichter A, Petrunin VV, Luntz AC. Indirect evidence for strong nonadiabatic coupling in N2 associative desorption from and dissociative adsorption on Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1498476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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15
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Hallock AJ, Matthews CM, Balzer F, Zare RN. N2 Product Internal-State Distributions for the Steady-State Reactions of NO with H2 and NH3 on the Pt(100) Surface. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carl M. Matthews
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Frank Balzer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Rijs AM, Backus EHG, de Lange CA, Janssen MHM, Wang K, McKoy V. Rotationally resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of hot N2 formed in the photofragmentation of N2O. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1370078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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17
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Diekhöner L, Baurichter A, Mortensen H, Luntz AC. Observation of metastable atomic nitrogen adsorbed on Ru(0001). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fernández-Alonso F, Bean B, Ayers J, Pomerantz A, Zare R. New Scheme for Measuring the Angular Momentum Spatial Anisotropy of Vibrationally Excited H2 via the I 1Πg State. Z PHYS CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2000.214.9.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the spectroscopic detection of vibrationally excited molecular hydrogen using 2+1 resonantly enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) via the I
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De Martino A, Châtelet M, Pradère F, Fort E, Vach H. Experimental investigation of large nitrogen cluster scattering from graphite: Translational and rotational distributions of evaporated N2 molecules. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg O. Sitz
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
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Murphy MJ, Skelly JF, Hodgson A. Nitrogen recombination dynamics at Cu(111): Rotational energy release and product angular distributions. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Murphy M, Skelly J, Hodgson A. Translational and vibrational energy release in nitrogen recombinative desorption from Cu(111). Chem Phys Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(97)00969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fewell M, Haydon S, Ernest A. Identification of slowly diffusing metastable states of the nitrogen molecule. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(96)00009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Masson DP, Lanzendorf EJ, Kummel AC. Velocity and internal state distributions of photodesorbed species from N2O/Pt(111) by 193 nm light. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Charge-transfer production of predissociated N2 states. I. The n = 3 Rydberg state region (12.8–14 eV). Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hanisco TF, Kummel AC. The effect of surface passivation on rotationally inelastic scattering: N2 scattered from W(110), W(110)–(2×2)N, W(110)–(1×1)H, and Pt(111). J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.465426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Wedding AB, Borysow J, Phelps AV. N2(a‘ 1Σg+) metastable collisional destruction and rotational excitation transfer by N2. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hanisco TF, Yan C, Kummel AC. Energy and momentum distributions and projections in the scattering of CO from Ag(111). J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hanisco TF, Yan C, Kummel AC. Velocity selective rotational rainbows for normal incidence/normal detection gas–surface scattering. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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