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Müller D, Dopfer O. Microsolvation of H 2O +, H 3O +, and CH 3OH 2+ by He in a cryogenic ion trap: structure of solvation shells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11222-11233. [PMID: 35481676 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the weak interactions of He atoms with neutral molecules and ions, the preparation of size-selected clusters for the spectroscopic characterization of their structures, energies, and large amplitude motions is a challenging task. Herein, we generate H2O+Hen (n ≤ 9) and H3O+Hen (n ≤ 5) clusters by stepwise addition of He atoms to mass-selected ions stored in a cryogenic 22-pole ion trap held at 5 K. The population of the clusters as a function of n provides insight into the structure of the first He solvation shell around these ions given by the anisotropy of the cation-He interaction potential. To rationalize the observed cluster size distributions, the structural, energetic, and vibrational properties of the clusters are characterized by ab initio calculations up to the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The cluster growth around both the open-shell H2O+ and closed-shell H3O+ ions begins by forming nearly linear and equivalent OH⋯He hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) leading to symmetric structures. The strength of these H-bonds decreases slightly with n due to noncooperative three-body induction forces and is weaker for H3O+ than for H2O+ due to both enhanced charge delocalization and reduced acidity of the OH protons. After filling all available H-bonded sites, addition of further He ligands around H2O+ (n = 3-4) occurs at the electrophilic singly occupied 2pz orbital of O leading to O⋯He p-bonds stabilized by induction and small charge transfer from H2O+ to He. As this orbital is filled for H3O+, He atoms occupy in the n = 4-6 clusters positions between the H-bonded He atoms, leading to a slightly distorted regular hexagon ring for n = 6. Comparison between H3O+Hen and CH3OH2+Hen illustrates that CH3 substitution substantially reduces the acidity of the OH protons, so that only clusters up to n = 2 can be observed. The structure of the solvation sub-shells is visible in both the binding energies and the predicted vibrational OH stretch and bend frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Davies JA, Besley NA, Yang S, Ellis AM. Infrared spectroscopy of a small ion solvated by helium: OH stretching region of HeN−HOCO+. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:194307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5124137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Shengfu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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3
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Duong CH, Yang N, Kelleher PJ, Johnson MA, DiRisio RJ, McCoy AB, Yu Q, Bowman JM, Henderson BV, Jordan KD. Tag-Free and Isotopomer-Selective Vibrational Spectroscopy of the Cryogenically Cooled H9O4+ Cation with Two-Color, IR–IR Double-Resonance Photoexcitation: Isolating the Spectral Signature of a Single OH Group in the Hydronium Ion Core. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9275-9284. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinh H. Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nan Yang
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Patrick J. Kelleher
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Ryan J. DiRisio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Anne B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Computational Science, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Bryan V. Henderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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4
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${{{\rm{C}}}_{60}}^{+}$ and the Diffuse Interstellar Bands: An Independent Laboratory Check. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa82bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Maier JP, Campbell EK. Pathway to the identification of C60+ in diffuse interstellar clouds. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150316. [PMID: 27501976 PMCID: PMC4978740 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the attenuation of starlight in diffuse clouds in interstellar space at specific wavelengths ranging from the visible to the near-infrared has been unknown since the first astronomical observations around a century ago. The absorption features, termed the diffuse interstellar bands, have subsequently been the subject of much research. Earlier this year four of these interstellar bands were shown to be due to the absorption by cold, gas phase [Formula: see text] molecules. This discovery provides the first answer to the problem of the diffuse interstellar bands and leads naturally to fascinating questions regarding the role of fullerenes and derivatives in interstellar chemistry. Here, we review the identification process placing special emphasis on the laboratory studies which have enabled spectroscopic measurement of large cations cooled to temperatures prevailing in the interstellar medium.This article is part of the themed issue 'Fullerenes: past, present and future, celebrating the 30th anniversary of Buckminster Fullerene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Maier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ewen K Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Campbell EK, Holz M, Gerlich D, Maier JP. Laboratory confirmation of C60(+) as the carrier of two diffuse interstellar bands. Nature 2016; 523:322-3. [PMID: 26178962 DOI: 10.1038/nature14566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The diffuse interstellar bands are absorption lines seen towards reddened stars. None of the molecules responsible for these bands have been conclusively identified. Two bands at 9,632 ångströms and 9,577 ångströms were reported in 1994, and were suggested to arise from C60(+) molecules (ref. 3), on the basis of the proximity of these wavelengths to the absorption bands of C60(+) measured in a neon matrix. Confirmation of this assignment requires the gas-phase spectrum of C60(+). Here we report laboratory spectroscopy of C60(+) in the gas phase, cooled to 5.8 kelvin. The absorption spectrum has maxima at 9,632.7 ± 0.1 ångströms and 9,577.5 ± 0.1 ångströms, and the full widths at half-maximum of these bands are 2.2 ± 0.2 ångströms and 2.5 ± 0.2 ångströms, respectively. We conclude that we have positively identified the diffuse interstellar bands at 9,632 ångströms and 9,577 ångströms as arising from C60(+) in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Holz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Gerlich
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - J P Maier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Savić I, Gerlich D, Asvany O, Jusko P, Schlemmer S. Controlled synthesis and analysis of He–H+3in a 3.7 K ion trap. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1037802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Kelleher PJ, Johnson CJ, Fournier JA, Johnson MA, McCoy AB. Persistence of dual free internal rotation in NH4(+)(H2O)·Hen=0-3 ion-molecule complexes: expanding the case for quantum delocalization in He tagging. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4170-6. [PMID: 25867931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To explore the extent of the molecular cation perturbation induced by complexation with He atoms required for the application of cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy, we compare the spectra of a bare NH4(+)(H2O) ion (obtained using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD)) with the one-photon CIVP spectra of the NH4(+)(H2O)·He1-3 clusters. Not only are the vibrational band origins minimally perturbed, but the rotational fine structures on the NH and OH asymmetric stretching vibrations, which arise from the free internal rotation of the -OH2 and -NH3 groups, also remain intact in the adducts. To establish the location and the quantum mechanical delocalization of the He atoms, we carried out diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) calculations of the vibrational zero point wave function, which indicate that the barriers between the three equivalent minima for the He attachment are so small that the He atom wave function is delocalized over the entire -NH3 rotor, effectively restoring C3 symmetry for the embedded -NH3 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Kelleher
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Joseph A Fournier
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- †Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Anne B McCoy
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Mladenović M, Lewerenz M. Ab initio prediction of the rovibrational levels of the He–CO+ ionic complex. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.783722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Mladenović
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, Université Paris-Est , Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Marius Lewerenz
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, Université Paris-Est , Marne la Vallée, France
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Gerlich D, Borodi G. Buffer gas cooling of polyatomic ions in rf multi-electrode traps. Faraday Discuss 2009; 142:57-72; discussion 93-111. [DOI: 10.1039/b820977d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Bieske
- Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Holstein WL, Hayes LJ, Robinson EMC, Laurence GS, Buntine MA. Aspects of Electrokinetic Charging in Liquid Microjets. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984336v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy L. Holstein
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Laurel J. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Ella M. C. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Gerald S. Laurence
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Mark A. Buntine
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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13
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Williams S, Chiu YH, Levandier DJ, Dressler RA. Determination of photofragment ion translational energy and angular distributions in an octopole ion guide: A case study of the Ar2+ and (N2O⋅H2O)+ cluster ions. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Ruchti T, Rohrbacher A, Speck T, Connelly J, Bieske E, Maier J. An electron impact ionization slit-jet apparatus for laser absorption spectroscopy. Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(96)00093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Meuwly M, Nizkorodov SA, Maier JP, Bieske EJ. Mid‐infrared spectra of He–HN+2and He2–HN+2. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nizkorodov SA, Maier JP, Bieske EJ. The infrared spectrum of the N2H+–He ion‐neutral complex. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bieske EJ, Soliva AM, Friedmann A, Maier JP. TheB←Xelectronic spectra of N+2–Nen(1≤n≤8). J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Bieske EJ, Soliva AM, Friedmann A, Maier JP. Photoinitiated charge transfer in N2O+–Ar. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Bieske EJ, Soliva AM, Friedmann A, Maier JP. Vibrational predissociation lifetime of N2+–He (X, υ=1). J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.461855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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