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Mirzajani N, Keenan CL, Melton SR, King SB. Accurate phase detection in time-domain heterodyne SFG spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:39162-39174. [PMID: 36258463 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Heterodyne detection is a ubiquitous tool in spectroscopy for the simultaneous detection of intensity and phase of light. However, the need for phase stability hinders the application of heterodyne detection to electronic spectroscopy. We present an interferometric design for a phase-sensitive electronic sum frequency generation (e-SFG) spectrometer in the time domain with lock-in detection. Our method of continuous phase modulation of one arm of the interferometer affords direct measurement of the phase between SFG and local oscillator fields. Errors in the path length difference caused by drifts in the optics are corrected, offering unprecedented stability. This spectrometer has the added advantage of collinear fundamental beams. The capabilities of the spectrometer are demonstrated with proof-of-principle experiments with GaAs e-SFG spectra, where we see significantly improved signal to noise ratio, spectral accuracy, and lineshapes.
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2
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Rather SR, Scholes GD. Slow Intramolecular Vibrational Relaxation Leads to Long-Lived Excited-State Wavepackets. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6792-9. [PMID: 27510098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Broadband optical pump and compressed white light continuum probe were used to measure the transient excited-state absorption, ground-state bleach, and stimulated emission signals of cresyl violet solution in methanol. Amplitude oscillations caused by wavepacket motion in the ground and excited electronic states were analyzed. It was found that vibrational coherences in the excited state persist for more than the experimental waiting time window of 6 ps, and the strongest mode had a dephasing time constant of 2.4 ps. We hypothesize the dephasing of the wavepacket in the excited state is predominantly caused by intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR). Slow IVR indicates weak mode-mode coupling and therefore weak anharmonicity of the potential of this vibration. Thus, the initially prepared vibrational wavepacket in the excited state is not significantly perturbed by nonadiabatic coupling to other electronic states, and hence the diabatic and adiabatic representations of the system are essentially identical within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The wavepacket therefore evolves with time in an almost harmonic potential, slowly dephased by IVR and the pure vibrational decoherence. The consistency in the position of node (phase change in the wavepacket) in the excited-state absorption and stimulated emission signals without undergoing any frequency shift until the wavepacket is completely dephased conforms to the absence of any reactive internal conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz R. Rather
- Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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3
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Chen L, Gelin MF, Domcke W, Zhao Y. Theory of femtosecond coherent double-pump single-molecule spectroscopy: Application to light harvesting complexes. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:164106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4919240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching D-85747, Germany
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of Materials Science, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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4
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Cheng X, Cina JA. Variational mixed quantum/semiclassical simulation of dihalogen guest and rare-gas solid host dynamics. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:034113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4887457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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5
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De AK, Monahan D, Dawlaty JM, Fleming GR. Two-dimensional fluorescence-detected coherent spectroscopy with absolute phasing by confocal imaging of a dynamic grating and 27-step phase-cycling. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:194201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4874697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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6
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Gelin MF, Tanimura Y, Domcke W. Simulation of femtosecond “double-slit” experiments for a chromophore in a dissipative environment. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:214302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4832876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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7
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Dawlaty JM, Ishizaki A, De AK, Fleming GR. Microscopic quantum coherence in a photosynthetic-light-harvesting antenna. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2012; 370:3672-91. [PMID: 22753820 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2011.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We briefly review the coherent quantum beats observed in recent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy experiments in a photosynthetic-light-harvesting antenna. We emphasize that the decay of the quantum beats in these experiments is limited by ensemble averaging. The in vivo dynamics of energy transport depends upon the local fluctuations of a single photosynthetic complex during the energy transfer time (a few picoseconds). Recent analyses suggest that it remains possible that the quantum-coherent motion may be robust under individual realizations of the environment-induced fluctuations contrary to intuition obtained from condensed phase spectroscopic measurements and reduced density matrices. This result indicates that the decay of the observed quantum coherence can be understood as ensemble dephasing. We propose a fluorescence-detected single-molecule experiment with phase-locked excitation pulses to investigate the coherent dynamics at the level of a single molecule without hindrance by ensemble averaging. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this method. We report our initial results on bulk fluorescence-detected coherent spectroscopy of the Fenna-Mathews-Olson complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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8
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Konar A, Shah JD, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Optical Response of Fluorescent Molecules Studied by Synthetic Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1329-1335. [PMID: 26286778 DOI: 10.1021/jz300363t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The optical response of the fluorescent molecule IR144 in solution is probed by pairs of collinear pulses with intensity just above the linear dependence using two different pulse shaping methods. The first approach mimics a Michelson interferometer, while the second approach, known as multiple independent comb shaping (MICS), eliminates spectral interference. The comparison of interfering and non-interfering pulses reveals that linear interference between the pulses leads to the loss of experimental information at early delay times. In both cases, the delay between the pulses is controlled with attosecond resolution and the sample fluorescence and stimulated emission are monitored simultaneously. An out-of-phase behavior is observed for fluorescence and stimulated emission, with the fluorescence signal having a minimum at zero time delay. Experimental findings are modeled using a two-level system with relaxation that closely matches the phase difference between fluorescence and stimulated emission and the relative intensities of the measured effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Konar
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jay D Shah
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vadim V Lozovoy
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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9
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Rice SA. Control of Dynamical Processes in Solution: An Overview and Personal Perspective. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Schubert A, Engel V. Two-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy of coherent wave-packet motion. J Chem Phys 2012; 134:104304. [PMID: 21405162 DOI: 10.1063/1.3560165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically study two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopic signals obtained from femtosecond pulse interactions with diatomic molecules. The vibrational wave-packet dynamics is monitored in the signals. During the motion in anharmonic potentials the wave packets exhibit vibrational revivals and fractional revivals which are associated with particular quantum phases. The time-dependent phase changes are identified by inspection of the complex-valued 2D spectra. We use the Na(2) molecule as a numerical example and discuss various pulse sequences which yield information about vibrational level structure and phase relationships in different electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schubert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Lindgren J, Hulkko E, Pettersson M, Kiljunen T. Rotational coherence imaging and control for CN molecules through time-frequency resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:224514. [PMID: 22168710 DOI: 10.1063/1.3665934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerical wave packet simulations are performed for studying coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) for CN radicals. Electronic coherence is created by femtosecond laser pulses between the X(2)Σ and B(2)Σ states. Due to the large energy separation of vibrational states, the wave packets are superpositions of rotational states only. This allows for a specially detailed inspection of the second- and third-order coherences by a two-dimensional imaging approach. We present the time-frequency domain images to illustrate the intra- and intermolecular interferences, and discuss the procedure to rationally control and experimentally detect the interferograms in solid Xe environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lindgren
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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12
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Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy and photosynthesis: Fundamentals and applications to photosynthetic light-harvesting. Chem Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Ishizaki A, Fleming GR. On the Interpretation of Quantum Coherent Beats Observed in Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectra of Photosynthetic Light Harvesting Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:6227-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp112406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Ishizaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Chapman CT, Cheng X, Cina JA. Numerical Tests of a Fixed Vibrational Basis/Gaussian Bath Theory for Small Molecule Dynamics in Low-Temperature Media. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:3980-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp108921x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig T. Chapman
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Xiaolu Cheng
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Cina
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Physics and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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15
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Ruetzel S, Stolzenberger C, Fechner S, Dimler F, Brixner T, Tannor DJ. Molecular quantum control landscapes in von Neumann time-frequency phase space. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:164510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3495950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Katsuki H, Chiba H, Meier C, Girard B, Ohmori K. Wave packet interferometry with attosecond precision and picometric structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:5189-98. [PMID: 20405071 DOI: 10.1039/b927518e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wave packet (WP) interferometry is applied to the vibrational WPs of the iodine molecule. Interference fringes of quantum waves weave highly regular space-time images called "quantum carpets." The structure of the carpet has picometre and femtosecond resolutions, and changes drastically depending on the amplitudes and phases of the vibrational eigenstates composing the WP. In this review, we focus on the situation where quantum carpets are created by two counter-propagating nuclear vibrational WPs. Such WPs can be prepared with either a single or double femtosecond (fs) laser pulse. In the single pulse scheme, the relevant situation appears around the half revival time. Similar situations can be generated with a pair of fs laser pulses whose relative phase is stabilized on the attosecond time scale. In the latter case we can design the quantum carpet by controlling the timing between the phase-locked pulses. We demonstrate this carpet design and visualize the designed carpets by the fs pump-probe measurements, tuning the probe wavelength to resolve the WP density-distribution along the internuclear axis with ~3 pm spatial resolution and ~100 fs temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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17
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Zhang S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Jia T, Wang Z, Sun Z. Coherent enhancement in two-photon fluorescence in molecular system induced by phase-jump modulated pulse. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:094503. [PMID: 20210401 DOI: 10.1063/1.3327843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shian Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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Biggs JD, Cina JA. Using wave-packet interferometry to monitor the external vibrational control of electronic excitation transfer. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:224101. [PMID: 20001018 DOI: 10.1063/1.3257596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the control of electronic energy transfer in molecular dimers through the preparation of specific vibrational coherences prior to electronic excitation, and its observation by nonlinear wave-packet interferometry (nl-WPI). Laser-driven coherent nuclear motion can affect the instantaneous resonance between site-excited electronic states and thereby influence short-time electronic excitation transfer (EET). We first illustrate this control mechanism with calculations on a dimer whose constituent monomers undergo harmonic vibrations. We then consider the use of nl-WPI experiments to monitor the nuclear dynamics accompanying EET in general dimer complexes following impulsive vibrational excitation by a subresonant control pulse (or control pulse sequence). In measurements of this kind, two pairs of polarized phase-related femtosecond pulses following the control pulse generate superpositions of coherent nuclear wave packets in optically accessible electronic states. Interference contributions to the time- and frequency-integrated fluorescence signals due to overlaps among the superposed wave packets provide amplitude-level information on the nuclear and electronic dynamics. We derive the basic expression for a control-pulse-dependent nl-WPI signal. The electronic transition moments of the constituent monomers are assumed to have a fixed relative orientation, while the overall orientation of the complex is distributed isotropically. We include the limiting case of coincident arrival by pulses within each phase-related pair in which control-influenced nl-WPI reduces to a fluorescence-detected pump-probe difference experiment. Numerical calculations of pump-probe signals based on these theoretical expressions are presented in the following paper [J. D. Biggs and J. A. Cina, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 224302 (2009)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Biggs
- Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Abstract
This review summarizes progress in coherent control as well as relevant recent achievements, highlighting, among several different schemes of coherent control, wave-packet interferometry (WPI). WPI is a fundamental and versatile scenario used to control a variety of quantum systems with a sequence of short laser pulses whose relative phase is finely adjusted to control the interference of electronic or nuclear wave packets (WPs). It is also useful in retrieving quantum information such as the amplitudes and phases of eigenfunctions superposed to generate a WP. Experimental and theoretical efforts to retrieve both the amplitude and phase information are recounted. This review also discusses information processing based on the eigenfunctions of atoms and molecules as one of the modern and future applications of coherent control. The ultrafast coherent control of ultracold atoms and molecules and the coherent control of complex systems are briefly discussed as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences; The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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20
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Ibrahim H, Héjjas M, Fushitani M, Schwentner N. Phase Sensitive Control of Vibronic Guest−Host Interaction: Br2 in Ar Matrix. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7439-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900287m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heide Ibrahim
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mónika Héjjas
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Mizuho Fushitani
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Nikolaus Schwentner
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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21
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Cina JA. Wave-Packet Interferometry and Molecular State Reconstruction: Spectroscopic Adventures on the Left-Hand Side of the Schrödinger Equation. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2008; 59:319-42. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.59.032607.093753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Cina
- Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403;
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22
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Tekavec PF, Lott GA, Marcus AH. Fluorescence-detected two-dimensional electronic coherence spectroscopy by acousto-optic phase modulation. J Chem Phys 2008; 127:214307. [PMID: 18067357 DOI: 10.1063/1.2800560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic coherence spectroscopy (ECS) is an important method to study the coupling between distinct optical modes of a material system. Such studies often involve excitation using a sequence of phased ultrashort laser pulses. In conventional approaches, the delays between pulse temporal envelopes must be precisely monitored or maintained. Here, we introduce a new experimental scheme for phase-selective nonlinear ECS, which combines acousto-optic phase modulation with ultrashort laser excitation to produce intensity modulated nonlinear fluorescence signals. We isolate specific nonlinear signal contributions by synchronous detection, with respect to appropriately constructed references. Our method effectively decouples the relative temporal phases from the pulse envelopes of a collinear train of four sequential pulses. We thus achieve a robust and high signal-to-noise scheme for phase-selective ECS to investigate the resonant nonlinear optical response of photoluminescent systems. We demonstrate the validity of our method using a model quantum three-level system-atomic Rb vapor. Moreover, we show how our measurements determine the resonant complex-valued third-order susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Tekavec
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Ohmori K. Development of ultrahigh-precision coherent control and its applications. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2008; 84:167-75. [PMID: 18941296 PMCID: PMC3665367 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.84.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control is based on optical manipulation of the amplitudes and phases of wave functions. It is expected to be a key technique to develop novel quantum technologies such as bond-selective chemistry and quantum computing, and to better understand the quantum worldview founded on wave-particle duality. We have developed high-precision coherent control by imprinting optical amplitudes and phases of ultrashort laser pulses on the quantum amplitudes and phases of molecular wave functions. The history and perspective of coherent control and our recent achievements are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
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25
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Humble TS, Cina JA. Nonlinear wave-packet interferometry and molecular state reconstruction in a vibrating and rotating diatomic molecule. J Phys Chem B 2007; 110:18879-92. [PMID: 16986879 DOI: 10.1021/jp0567669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We formulate two-color nonlinear wave-packet interferometry (WPI) for application to a diatomic molecule in the gas phase and show that this form of heterodyne-detected multidimensional electronic spectroscopy will permit the reconstruction of photoinduced rovibrational wave packets from experimental data. Using two phase-locked pulse pairs, each resonant with a different electronic transition, nonlinear WPI detects the quadrilinear interference contributions to the population of an excited electronic state. Combining measurements taken with different phase-locking angles isolates various quadrilinear interference terms. One such term gives the complex overlap between a propagated one-pulse target wave packet and a variable three-pulse reference wave packet. The two-dimensional interferogram in the time domain specifies the complex-valued overlap of the given target state with a collection of variable reference states. An inversion procedure based on singular-value decomposition enables reconstruction of the target wave packet from the interferogram without prior detailed characterization of the nuclear Hamiltonian under which the target propagates. With numerically calculated nonlinear WPI signals subject to Gaussian noise, we demonstrate the reconstruction of a rovibrational wave packet launched from the A state and propagated in the E state of Li2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Humble
- Department of Chemistry and Oregon Center for Optics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, USA
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26
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Cao Y, Zhang L, Yang Y, Sun Z, Wang Z. Molecular rovibrational dynamics investigated by two-photon wavepacket interferometry with phase-locked pulse pairs. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Sato SI. Theory for Quantum Interference Signal from an Inhomogeneously Broadened Two-Level System Excited by an Optically Phase-Controlled Laser-Pulse Pair. J Chem Theory Comput 2007; 3:1158-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ct7000073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Sato
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Sepúlveda MA, Grossmann F. Time-Dependent Semiclassical Mechanics. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141557.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Cina JA, Smith TJ, Romero-Rochín V. Time-Resolved Optical Tests for Electronic Geometric Phase Development. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141410.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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31
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Bixon M, Jortner J. Electron Transfer-from Isolated Molecules to Biomolecules. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141656.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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32
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Domcke W, Stock G. Theory of Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Excited-State Processes and their Spectroscopic Detection in Real Time. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141595.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Delagnes JC, Bouchene MA. Coherent control of light shifts in an atomic system: modulation of the medium gain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:053602. [PMID: 17358856 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.053602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A sequence of two femtosecond coherent pulses--a strong pi-polarized pulse and a weak sigma-polarized pulse--excite the S1/2-P1/2 transition of atomic rubidium in an optically dense vapor. The sigma pulse induces transitions between the adiabatic states with a coupling strength that is different for identically and oppositely light-shifted coupled states, and that can be modified by tuning the relative phase between the pulses. An efficient control of the medium gain for the sigma pulse is experimentally demonstrated. It is shown to be the result of interference between the absorption and the stimulated emission paths for sigma photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Delagnes
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, (UMR 5589, CNRS-Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse 3), IRSAMC, 31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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Gühr M, Bargheer M, Fushitani M, Kiljunen T, Schwentner N. Ultrafast dynamics of halogens in rare gas solids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:779-801. [PMID: 17287873 DOI: 10.1039/b609058n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We perform time resolved pump-probe spectroscopy on small halogen molecules ClF, Cl2, Br2, and I2 embedded in rare gas solids (RGS). We find that dissociation, angular depolarization, and the decoherence of the molecule is strongly influenced by the cage structure. The well ordered crystalline environment facilitates the modelling of the experimental angular distribution of the molecular axis after the collision with the rare gas cage. The observation of many subsequent vibrational wave packet oscillations allows the construction of anharmonic potentials and indicate a long vibrational coherence time. We control the vibrational wave packet revivals, thereby gaining information about the vibrational decoherence. The coherence times are remarkable larger when compared to the liquid or high pressure gas phase. This fact is attributed to the highly symmetric molecular environment of the RGS. The decoherence and energy relaxation data agree well with a perturbative model for moderate vibrational excitation and follow a classical model in the strong excitation limit. Furthermore, a wave packet interferometry scheme is applied to deduce electronic coherence times. The positions of those cage atoms, excited by the molecular electronic transitions are modulated by long living coherent phonons of the RGS, which we can probe via the molecular charge transfer states.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gühr
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
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35
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Tekavec PF, Dyke TR, Marcus AH. Wave packet interferometry and quantum state reconstruction by acousto-optic phase modulation. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:194303. [PMID: 17129099 DOI: 10.1063/1.2386159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of wave packet dynamics often involve phase-selective measurements of coherent optical signals generated from sequences of ultrashort laser pulses. In wave packet interferometry (WPI), the separation between the temporal envelopes of the pulses must be precisely monitored or maintained. Here we introduce a new (and easy to implement) experimental scheme for phase-selective measurements that combines acousto-optic phase modulation with ultrashort laser excitation to produce an intensity-modulated fluorescence signal. Synchronous detection, with respect to an appropriately constructed reference, allows the signal to be simultaneously measured at two phases differing by 90 degrees. Our method effectively decouples the relative temporal phase from the pulse envelopes of a collinear train of optical pulse pairs. We thus achieve a robust and high signal-to-noise scheme for WPI applications, such as quantum state reconstruction and electronic spectroscopy. The validity of the method is demonstrated, and state reconstruction is performed, on a model quantum system--atomic Rb vapor. Moreover, we show that our measurements recover the correct separation between the absorptive and dispersive contributions to the system susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Tekavec
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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36
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Ohmori K, Katsuki H, Chiba H, Honda M, Hagihara Y, Fujiwara K, Sato Y, Ueda K. Real-time observation of phase-controlled molecular wave-packet interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:093002. [PMID: 16606260 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.093002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The quantum interference of two molecular wave packets has been precisely controlled in the B electronic state of the I2 molecule by using a pair of fs laser pulses whose relative phase is locked within the attosecond time scale and its real-time evolution has been observed by another fs laser pulse. It is clearly observed that the temporal evolution changes drastically as a function of the relative phase between the locked pulses, allowing us to read both amplitude and phase information stored in the wave functions of the molecular ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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37
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Fushitani M, Bargheer M, Gühr M, Schwentner N. Pump–probe spectroscopy with phase-locked pulses in the condensed phase: decoherence and control of vibrational wavepackets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3143-9. [PMID: 16240025 DOI: 10.1039/b509153e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electronic and vibrational coherences of Cl2 embedded in solid Ar are investigated by exciting to the B state with a phase-locked pulse pair from an unbalanced Michelson interferometer, where the chirp difference matches the B state anharmonicity. Recording the A' --> X fluorescence after relaxation is compared to probing to charge transfer states by a third pulse. The three-pulse experiment delivers more details on the decoherence processes. The signal modulation due to phase tuning up to the third vibrational round-trip time indicates that the electronic coherence in the B <-- X transition is preserved for more than 660 fs in the solid Ar environment where many body electronic interactions take place. Vibrational coherence lasts longer than 3 ps according to the observed half revival of the wavepacket. Control of the coupling between wavepacket motion and lattice oscillation is demonstrated by tuning the relative phase between the phase-locked pulses, preparing wavepackets predominantly composed of either zero-phonon lines or phonon side bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fushitani
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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38
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Humble TS, Cina JA. Molecular state reconstruction by nonlinear wave packet interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:060402. [PMID: 15323614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.060402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that time- and phase-resolved two-color nonlinear wave packet interferometry can be used to reconstruct the probability amplitude of an optically prepared molecular wave packet without prior knowledge of the underlying potential surface. We analyze state reconstruction in pure- and mixed-state model systems excited by shaped laser pulses and propose nonlinear wave packet interferometry as a tool for identifying optimized wave packets in coherent control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S Humble
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403, USA
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Kilin DS, Pereversev YV, Prezhdo OV. Electron-nuclear correlations for photo-induced dynamics in molecular dimers. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:11209-23. [PMID: 15268151 DOI: 10.1063/1.1737304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast photoinduced dynamics of electronic excitation in molecular dimers is drastically affected by the dynamic reorganization of inter- and intra- molecular nuclear configuration modeled by a quantized nuclear degree of freedom. The dynamics of the electronic population and nuclear coherence is analyzed by solving the chain of coupled differential equations for population inversion, electron-vibrational correlation, etc. Intriguing results are obtained in the approximation of a small change of the nuclear equilibrium upon photoexcitation. In the limiting case of resonance between the electronic energy gap and the frequency of the nuclear mode these results are justified by comparison to the exactly solvable Jaynes-Cummings model. It is found that the photoinduced processes in the model dimer are arranged according to their time scales: (i) Fast scale of nuclear motion, (ii) intermediate scale of dynamical redistribution of electronic population between excited states as well as growth and dynamics of electron-nuclear correlation, (iii) slow scale of electronic population approach to the quasi-equilibrium distribution, decay of electron-nuclear correlation, and decrease of the amplitude of mean coordinate oscillation. The latter processes are accompanied by a noticeable growth of the nuclear coordinate dispersion associated with the overall nuclear wave packet width. The demonstrated quantum relaxation features of the photoinduced vibronic dynamics in molecular dimers are obtained by a simple method, applicable to systems with many degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri S Kilin
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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40
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Milota F, Sperling J, Szöcs V, Tortschanoff A, Kauffmann HF. Correlation of femtosecond wave packets and fluorescence interference in a conjugated polymer: Towards the measurement of site homogeneous dephasing. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:9870-85. [PMID: 15268004 DOI: 10.1063/1.1704635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probing electronic femtosecond (fs) coherence among segmental sites that are congested by static and dynamic site disorder and subject to structural relaxation is a big, experimental challenge in the study of photophysics of poly(p-phenylenevinylene). In this work, fs-wave-packet fluorescence interferometry experiments are presented that measure macroscopic coherent kernels and their phase-relaxation in the low-temperature, bottom-state regime of the density-of-states below the migrational threshold energy where downhill site-to-site transfer is marginal. By using freely propagating and tunable 70 fs excitation/probing pulses and employing narrow-band spectral filtering of wave packets, fluorescence interferograms with strongly damped beatings can be observed. The coherences formally follow the in-phase superpositions of two site-optical free-induction-decays and originate from distinct pairs of coherent doorway-states, different in energy and space, each of them being targeted, by two discrete quantum-arrival-states 1(alpha) and 1(beta), via independent, isoenergetic 0-->1 fluorescence transitions. The coherent transients are explained as site-to-site polarization beatings, caused by the interference of two fluorescence correlation signals. The numerical analysis of the damping regime, based upon second-order perturbational solutions, reveals the lower limit value of homogeneous dephasing in the range from T(2) approximately 100 fs to T(2) approximately 200 fs depending on the site-excitation energy of the bottom-states. The experiments enable to look into the formation of the relaxed state as a special molecular process of electron-phonon coupling and hence open-up a quite new perspective in the puzzle of multichromophore optical dynamics and structural relaxation in conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Milota
- Institut fur Physikalische Chemie, Universitat Wien, Wahringerstr. 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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41
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Dantus M, Lozovoy VV. Experimental Coherent Laser Control of Physicochemical Processes. Chem Rev 2004; 104:1813-59. [PMID: 15080713 DOI: 10.1021/cr020668r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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42
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Ohmori K, Sato Y, Nikitin EE, Rice SA. High-precision molecular wave-packet interferometry with HgAr dimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2003; 91:243003. [PMID: 14683114 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.243003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular wave-packet (WP) interferometry has been demonstrated in the A electronic state of the HgAr van der Waals complex with two time-delayed UV fs pulses at 254 nm. The interferograms of three vibrational levels in the WP's display almost 100% fringe contrast as a function of the interpulse delay tau, which is tuned with sub-10 as stability and resolution. It is clearly observed that the three interferograms show their dephasing and rephasing within a single vibrational period, allowing us to prepare arbitrary relative populations of the three levels by adjusting a single parameter tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ohmori
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
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43
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Ziegler LD. Ultrafast Two-Photon Absorption Approach to Optical Line Shape Measurements. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp030148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. D. Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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44
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Towards the Reconstruction of Time-dependent Vibronic States from Nonlinear Wavepacket Interferometry Signals. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2003. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2003.24.8.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Cina JA, Kilin DS, Humble TS. Wave packet interferometry for short-time electronic energy transfer: Multidimensional optical spectroscopy in the time domain. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1519259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Xu QH, Ma YZ, Fleming GR. Different Real and Imaginary Components of the Resonant Third-Order Polarization Revealed by Optical Heterodyne Detected Transient Grating Spectroscopic Studies of Crystal Violet: Model and Experiment. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014714n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Ying-Zhong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Graham R. Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley and Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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47
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Cina JA, Humble TS. Molecular Wavepacket Decomposition by Nonlinear Interferometry. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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48
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Warmuth C, Tortschanoff A, Milota F, Leibscher M, Shapiro M, Prior Y, Averbukh IS, Schleich W, Jakubetz W, Kauffmann HF. Molecular quantum dynamics in a thermal system: Fractional wave packet revivals probed by random-phase fluorescence interferometry. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1369661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Duarte-Zamorano RP, Romero-Rochı́n V. Analysis on the Cina–Harris proposal for the preparation and detection of chiral superposition states. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1370069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Lozovoy VV, Grimberg BI, Pastirk I, Dantus M. The role of microscopic and macroscopic coherence in laser control. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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