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Yang YF, Cederbaum LS. Bound states and symmetry breaking of the ring C 20 - anion. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244307. [PMID: 32610979 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the geometry of carbon rings is an ongoing challenge. Based on our calculations at a state-of-the-art level, we found that the C20 - ring possesses five bound electronic states, including a superatomic state, which is the first superatomic state found for a ring. The nature of these electronic states is discussed. Our calculation reveals a symmetry breaking of the C20 - ring anion ground electronic structure occurring upon attaching an electron to the neutral ring. The discussion of the possible symmetry breaking mechanisms indicates that the shrinking and distortion of the ring upon electron attachment, leading to the symmetry breaking, is a result of the interplay between the symmetry breaking and the totally symmetric modes. The discussion enriches the palette of possible symmetry breaking phenomena in carbon clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Yang
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Verkhoturov SV, Gołuński M, Verkhoturov DS, Czerwinski B, Eller MJ, Geng S, Postawa Z, Schweikert EA. Hypervelocity cluster ion impacts on free standing graphene: Experiment, theory, and applications. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:160901. [PMID: 31042896 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We present results from experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations obtained with C60 and Au400 impacting on free-standing graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene-supported molecular layers. The experiments were run on custom-built ToF reflectron mass spectrometers with C60 and Au-LMIS sources with acceleration potentials generating 50 keV C60 2+ and 440-540 keV Au400 4+. Bombardment-detection was in the same mode as MD simulation, i.e., a sequence of individual projectile impacts with separate collection/identification of the ejecta from each impact in either the forward (transmission) or backward (reflection) direction. For C60 impacts on single layer graphene, the secondary ion (SI) yields for C2 and C4 emitted in transmission are ∼0.1 (10%). Similar yields were observed for analyte-specific ions from submonolayer deposits of phenylalanine. MD simulations show that graphene acts as a trampoline, i.e., they can be ejected without destruction. Another topic investigated dealt with the chemical composition of free-standing GO. The elemental composition was found to be approximately COH2. We have also studied the impact of Au400 clusters on graphene. Again SI yields were high (e.g., 1.25 C-/impact). 90-100 Au atoms evaporate off the exiting projectile which experiences an energy loss of ∼72 keV. The latter is a summation of energy spent on rupturing the graphene, ejecting carbon atoms and clusters and a dipole projectile/hole interaction. The charge distribution of the exiting projectiles is ∼50% neutrals and ∼25% either negatively or positively charged. We infer that free-standing graphene enables detection of attomole to zeptomole deposits of analyte via cluster-SI mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dmitriy S Verkhoturov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Czerwinski
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Michael J Eller
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Sheng Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | | | - Emile A Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
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Babin MC, DeVine JA, Weichman ML, Neumark DM. Slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging of cold C7− and C9−. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:174306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5054792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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4
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Sarkar R, Baishya D, Mahapatra S. Photodetachment spectroscopy of carbon doped anionic boron cluster,CB9-: A theoretical study. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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5
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Verkhoturov SV, Czerwinski B, Verkhoturov DS, Geng S, Delcorte A, Schweikert EA. Ejection-ionization of molecules from free standing graphene. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:084308. [PMID: 28249462 DOI: 10.1063/1.4976832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first data on emission of C60- stimulated by single impacts of 50 keV C602+ on the self-assembled molecular layer of C60 deposited on free standing 2 layer graphene. The yield, Y, of C60- emitted in the transmission direction is 1.7%. To characterize the ejection and ionization of molecules, we have measured the emission of C60- from the surface of bulk C60 (Y = 3.7%) and from a single layer of C60 deposited on bulk pyrolytic graphite (Y = 3.3%). To gain insight into the mechanism(s) of ejection, molecular dynamic simulations were performed. The scenario of the energy deposition and ejection of molecules is different for the case of graphene due to the confined volume of projectile-analyte interaction. In the case of 50 keV C602+ impacts on graphene plus C60, the C atoms of the projectile collide with those of the target. The knocked-on atoms take on a part of the kinetic energy of the projectile atoms. Another part of the kinetic energy is deposited into the rim around the impact site. The ejection of molecules from the rim is a result of collective movement of the molecules and graphene membrane, where the membrane movement provides the impulse for ejection. The efficient emission of the intact molecular ions implies an effective ionization probability of intact C60. The proposed mechanism of ionization involves the tunneling of electrons from the vibrationally exited area around the hole to the ejecta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartlomiej Czerwinski
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Dmitriy S Verkhoturov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Sheng Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences - Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1 Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emile A Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
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6
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Structural stability and growth mechanism of neutral and anionic small carbon clusters: Density functional study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Verkhoturov SV, Geng S, Czerwinski B, Young AE, Delcorte A, Schweikert EA. Single impacts of keV fullerene ions on free standing graphene: Emission of ions and electrons from confined volume. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:164302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4933310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Czerwinski
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences–Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1 Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Applied Physics, Division of Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Amanda E. Young
- Materials Characterization Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, USA
| | - Arnaud Delcorte
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences–Bio and Soft Matter (IMCN/BSMA), Université Catholique de Louvain, 1 Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Emile A. Schweikert
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3144, USA
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Kürti J, Koltai J, Gyimesi B, Zólyomi V. Hydrocarbon chains and rings: bond length alternation in finite molecules. Theor Chem Acc 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-015-1709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Carelli F, Gianturco FA, Wester R, Satta M. Formation of cyanopolyyne anions in the interstellar medium: The possible role of permanent dipoles. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:054302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4891300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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10
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Significant Publications in Applications. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.884261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Dee DM, Ermler WC. Configuration interaction calculations on the cyclic carbon clusters C8, C10, Pt@C8 and Pt@C10 and their anionic forms. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Weichman ML, Kim JB, Neumark DM. Vibrational fine structure of C5 via anion slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:144314. [PMID: 24116626 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution anion photoelectron spectra of cryogenically cooled C5(-) clusters are reported using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy. We resolve vibronic transitions to the ν2 stretching mode and multiply excited ν5, ν6, and ν7 bending modes of neutral C5 with significantly higher accuracy than previous experiments. Weak transitions to Franck-Condon (FC) forbidden singly excited bending modes are made possible by Herzberg-Teller coupling between electronic states of the neutral cluster. In addition, we resolve vibrational fine structure corresponding to different angular momentum states of multiply excited bending modes. The observation of this multiplet structure, some of which is FC forbidden, is attributed to Renner-Teller coupling between vibrational levels in the C5(-) ground electronic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa L Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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13
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Popov IA, Popov VF, Bozhenko KV, Černušák I, Boldyrev AI. Structural changes in the series of boron-carbon mixed clusters CxB10-x− (x = 3-10) upon substitution of boron by carbon. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:114307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4820878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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14
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Szczȩśniak D, Khater A, Ba̧k Z, Szczȩśniak R, Ghantous MA. Quantum conductance of silicon-doped carbon wire nanojunctions. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:616. [PMID: 23130998 PMCID: PMC3598495 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Unknown quantum electronic conductance across nanojunctions made of silicon-doped carbon wires between carbon leads is investigated. This is done by an appropriate generalization of the phase field matching theory for the multi-scattering processes of electronic excitations at the nanojunction and the use of the tight-binding method. Our calculations of the electronic band structures for carbon, silicon, and diatomic silicon carbide are matched with the available corresponding density functional theory results to optimize the required tight-binding parameters. Silicon and carbon atoms are treated on the same footing by characterizing each with their corresponding orbitals. Several types of nanojunctions are analyzed to sample their behavior under different atomic configurations. We calculate for each nanojunction the individual contributions to the quantum conductance for the propagating σ, Π, and σ∗electron incidents from the carbon leads. The calculated results show a number of remarkable features, which include the influence of the ordered periodic configurations of silicon-carbon pairs and the suppression of quantum conductance due to minimum substitutional disorder and artificially organized symmetry on these nanojunctions. Our results also demonstrate that the phase field matching theory is an efficient tool to treat the quantum conductance of complex molecular nanojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Szczȩśniak
- Institute for Molecules and Materials UMR 6283, University of Maine, Ave. Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans, 72085, France
- Institute of Physics, Jan Długosz University in Czȩstochowa, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, Czȩstochowa, 42200, Poland
| | - Antoine Khater
- Institute for Molecules and Materials UMR 6283, University of Maine, Ave. Olivier Messiaen, Le Mans, 72085, France
| | - Zygmunt Ba̧k
- Institute of Physics, Jan Długosz University in Czȩstochowa, Al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, Czȩstochowa, 42200, Poland
| | - Radosław Szczȩśniak
- Institute of Physics, Czȩstochowa University of Technology, Al. Armii Krajowej 19, Czȩstochowa, 42200, Poland
| | - Michel Abou Ghantous
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, Education City, PO Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
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CHEN HUIFEN, WU YUJONG. A THEORETICAL STUDY OF CARBON CHAINS OF TYPE CNF(N = 1–7) IN NEUTRAL AND IONIC FORMS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633611006815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The structures, binding energies, and molecular parameters of C n F clusters (n = 1–7) have been investigated theoretically on neutral and ionic forms with the RCCSD(T)//B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. It can be concluded that for the ground states the linear structures are stable only for CF , C 6 F , and C 7 F . Other neutral species of C n F (n = 2–5) are slightly bent. The variation in stability with growth of the carbon chain is flat but the ionization potential and electron affinity exhibit clear variations with the size of the clusters. Cation clusters with an even n value have triplet ground states whereas singlet ground states exist when n is odd. All anions except CF -, have singlet ground states. The alternation in stability is found in both cationic and anionic forms, but the trends are reversed. Predictions of several molecular properties may be useful in the identification of these species in the laboratory and in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- HUI-FEN CHEN
- Department of Medical and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - YU-JONG WU
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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16
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Korona T. The effect of local approximations in the ground-state coupled cluster wave function on electron affinities of large molecules. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2011.638330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Guo XG, Zhang JL, Zhao Y. Ab initio characterization of size dependence of electronic spectra for linear anionic carbon clusters C(n) (-) (n = 4-17). J Comput Chem 2012; 33:93-102. [PMID: 21968891 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we determine the ground-state equilibrium geometries of the linear anionic carbon clusters C n- (n = 4-17) by means of the density functional theory B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, and coupled cluster CCSD(T) calculations, as well as their electronic spectra obtained by the multireference second-order perturbation theory CASPT2 method. These studies indicate that these linear anions possess doublet ²∏(g) or ²∏(u) ground state, and the even-numbered clusters are generally acetylenic, whereas the odd-numbered ones are essentially cumulenic. The energy differences, electron affinities, and incremental binding energies of C n- chains all exhibit a notable tread of parity alternation, with n-even chains being more stable than n-odd ones. In addition, the predicted vertical excitation energies from the ground state to four low-lying excited states are in reasonably good agreement with the available experimental observations, and the calculations for the higher excited electronic transitions can provide accurate information for the experimentalists and spectroscopists. Interestingly, the absorption wavelengths of the 1²∏(u/g) ← X²∏(g/u) transitions of the n-even clusters show a nonlinear trend of exponential growth, whereas those of the n-odd counterparts are found to obey a linear relationship as a function of the chain size, as shown experimentally. Moreover, the absorption wavelengths of the transitions to the higher excited states of C n- series have the similar linear size dependence as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Geng Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China; Department of Chemistry and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wang LM, Averkiev BB, Ramilowski JA, Huang W, Wang LS, Boldyrev AI. Planar to Linear Structural Transition in Small Boron−Carbon Mixed Clusters: CxB5−x− (x = 1−5). J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14104-12. [DOI: 10.1021/ja103846q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
| | - Boris B. Averkiev
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
| | - Jordan A. Ramilowski
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322
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Messud J, Wang Z, Dinh P, Reinhard PG, Suraud E. Polarizabilities as a test of localized approximations to the self-interaction correction. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, Richland, Washington 99354, and Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352;
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22
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Qi JY, Dang L, Chen MD, Wu W, Zhang QE, Au CT. Density Functional Theory Study of CsCn− (n = 1−10) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12456-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807039j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Y. Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - L. Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - M. D. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - W. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Q. E. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - C. T. Au
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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Guliamov O, Kronik L, Martin JML. Polarizability of Small Carbon Cluster Anions from First Principles. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2028-32. [PMID: 17388282 DOI: 10.1021/jp068443y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examine the applicability of density functional theory (DFT) to the polarizability of Cn- (n = 3-9) cluster anions. This was achieved by comparing DFT calculations using two different exchange-correlation functionals (the non-empirical local density approximation, LDA, and the semiempirical hybrid functional B97-1) to quantum chemical calculations using the coupled cluster method in the CCSD(T) "gold standard" approximation. We find that, unless the extra electron is not bound at all by DFT, both LDA and B97-1 agree with the CCSD(T) calculation to within 5-10%, allowing for a meaningful qualitative and semiquantitative analysis. Furthermore, the polarizability is found to increase monotonically with chain size, consistent with the trend inferred from electron detachment experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Guliamov
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
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Wang XB, Wang YL, Woo HK, Li J, Wu GS, Wang LS. Free tetra- and hexa-coordinated platinum-cyanide dianions, and : A combined photodetachment photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical study. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wei Q, Kais S, Moiseyev N. New stable multiply charged negative atomic ions in linearly polarized superintense laser fields. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:201108. [PMID: 16774311 DOI: 10.1063/1.2207619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Singly charged negative atomic ions exist in the gas phase and are of fundamental importance in atomic and molecular physics. However, theoretical calculations and experimental results clearly exclude the existence of any stable doubly-negatively-charged atomic ion in the gas phase, only one electron can be added to a free atom in the gas phase. In this report, using the high-frequency Floquet theory, we predict that in a linear superintense laser field one can stabilize multiply charged negative atomic ions in the gas phase. We present self-consistent field calculations for the linear superintense laser fields needed to bind extra one and two electrons to form He-, He2-, and Li2-, with detachment energies dependent on the laser intensity and maximal values of 1.2, 0.12, and 0.13 eV, respectively. The fields and frequencies needed for binding extra electrons are within experimental reach. This method of stabilization is general and can be used to predict stability of larger multiply charged negative atomic ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Trindle C, Yumak A. Open Shell Dianions Likely To Be Stable in the Gas Phase with Respect to Autoionization. J Chem Theory Comput 2005; 1:1038-44. [PMID: 26641919 DOI: 10.1021/ct049845h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We address the challenge set by Dreuw and Cederbaum [Dreuw, A.; Cederbaum, L. S. Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 181-200] to develop a set of "small" open shell stable dianions. We offer two families of such species, based on a central diradical center with attached anionic sites. Both families achieve dianion stabilization through alternating zones of positive and negative charge. First, quasi-linear systems such as NB(C2)n-Q-(C2)nBN become diradical dianions stable to autoionization in two cases: (a) for Q a divalent (carbene) carbon when n is two or greater and (b) for Q a C4 ring diradical when n is one or greater. Second, carbenes with certain anionic aromatic substituents can be stable with respect to autoionization. π-Acid substituted carbenes (A2Q) have triplet ground states generally. If A is cyclopentadienyl anion stabilized by cyano substitution, the resulting triplet dianion is stable with respect to autoionization. In bisphenyl carbenes the triplet is relatively stabilized when ortho substituents force the system toward D2d symmetry. The dianion of bis(orthochlorophenyl) carbene produced by para-substitution with BN retains the triplet preference and is stable with respect to autoionization. These results obtained first by density functional calculations in a small basis, B3LYP/6-31G(d), are confirmed and extended by ROMP2 and CCSD calculations in a more flexible basis, 6-31+G(d). DFT has a systematic bias against systems with excess electrons, which is paradoxically a virtue in the screening of candidate dianions since the DFT calculation does not make false predictions of stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Trindle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia 22904.,Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ayse Yumak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia 22904.,Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul Turkey
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28
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Redondo P, Barrientos C, Cimas A, Largo A. Structure and Stability of Small NaCn, NaCn+, and NaCn- Clusters: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036794w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Redondo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen Barrientos
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Cimas
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Antonio Largo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain
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29
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Di Stefano M, Rosi M, Sgamellotti A, Ascenzi D, Bassi D, Franceschi P, Tosi P. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the production of cations containing C–N bonds in the reaction of benzene with atomic nitrogen ions. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1582836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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30
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Musiał M, Bartlett RJ. Equation-of-motion coupled cluster method with full inclusion of connected triple excitations for electron-attached states: EA-EOM-CCSDT. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1584657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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31
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Merino G, Méndez-Rojas MA, Vela A. (C5M2-n)(n-) (M = Li, Na, K, and n = 0, 1, 2). A new family of molecules containing planar tetracoordinate carbons. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:6026-7. [PMID: 12785811 DOI: 10.1021/ja034307k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By highly correlated ab initio methods and DFT calculations, we have shown that alkaline metals can stabilize planar tetracoordinate carbon-containing molecules with the C(C4) skeleton. This family of molecules is C5M2, where M is an alkaline metal. The stability of these compounds is rationalized in terms of the delocalization of the p-orbital perpendicular to the molecular plane, the global hardness, and the electrophilicity. The analysis of several molecular scalar fields shows that the bonding between the C52- dianion and the metals is strongly ionic. The structures reported are the first examples with a planar tetracoordinate carbon, surrounded by carbon atoms, and stabilized, only, by electronic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, A. P. 14-740, C. P. 07000, México D.F, Mexico
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32
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Horný L, Petraco NDK, Schaefer III HF. Odd carbon long linear chains HC2n+1H (n = 4-11): properties of the neutrals and radical anions. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:14716-20. [PMID: 12465983 DOI: 10.1021/ja0210190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The optimized geometries, adiabatic electron affinities, vertical electron affinities, vertical electron detachment energies (for the anions), and IR-active vibrational frequencies have been predicted for the long linear carbon chains HC(2)(n)()(+1)H (n = 4-11). The B3LYP density functional combined with DZP and TZ2P basis sets was used in this theoretical study. These methods have been extensively calibrated versus experiment for the prediction of electron affinities (Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 231). The computed physical properties are discussed and compared with the even carbon chains HC(2)(n)()H. The predicted electron affinities form a remarkably regular sequence: 2.12 eV (HC(9)H), 2.42 eV (HC(11)H), 2.66 eV (HC(13)H), 2.85 eV (HC(15)H), 3.01 eV (HC(17)H), 3.14 eV (HC(19)H), 3.25 eV (HC(21)H), and 3.35 eV (HC(23)H). These electron affinities are as much as 0.4 eV higher than those for analogous even carbon chains. The predicted structures display an intermediate cumulene-polyacetylene type of bonding, with the inner carbons appearing cumulenic and the outer carbons polyacetylenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L'ubos Horný
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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33
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Shi Q, Kais S. The Repulsive Coulomb Barrier along a Dissociation Path of the Be Dianion. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:11723-9. [PMID: 12296739 DOI: 10.1021/ja020116q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present ab initio calculations of the repulsive Coulomb barrier for several geometrically stable isomers of the BeC(2-)(4) dianion. We describe how the deformation of certain isomers can account for the experimental Coulomb explosion images of the dianion. For the most stable linear isomer, C(-)(2)BeC(-)(2), we examined the electron tunneling process along the dissociation path to obtain C(-)(2) plus BeC(-)(2). We found the crossing point for autodetachment to be R(c)(dis)= 3.25 A. R(dis) is the bond length between C(-)(2) and BeC(-)(2); at this point, the electron tunneling energy is equal to the maximum of the repulsive Coulomb barrier. In the framework of the Wenzel-Kramer-Brioullin theory, the electron-loss lifetime of the metastable C(-)(2)BeC(-)(2) dianion at the equilibrium geometry, R(dis) = 1.64 A, was estimated to be about 5 ms. This lower limit is in agreement with the experimental results in which the BeC(2-)(4) dianion has a lifetime much longer than 5 micros.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qicun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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34
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Giuffreda MG, Deleuze MS, François JP. Structural, Rotational, Vibrational, and Electronic Properties of Carbon Cluster Anions Cn- (n = 3−13). J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0211436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Giuffreda
- Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Institute for Materials Science (IMO), Departement SBG, Universitaire Campus, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - M. S. Deleuze
- Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Institute for Materials Science (IMO), Departement SBG, Universitaire Campus, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - J.-P. François
- Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Institute for Materials Science (IMO), Departement SBG, Universitaire Campus, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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35
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Lépine F, Allouche AR, Baguenard B, Bordas C, Aubert-Frécon M. Computed Electron Affinity of Carbon Clusters Cnup ton= 20 and Fragmentation Energy of Anions. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014701+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Horný L, Petraco NDK, Pak C, Schaefer HF. What is the nature of polyacetylene neutral and anionic chains HC(2n)H and HC(2n)H(-) (n = 6-12) that have recently been observed? J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5861-4. [PMID: 12010061 DOI: 10.1021/ja012014q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The optimized geometries, adiabatic electron affinities, and IR-active vibrational frequencies have been predicted for the long linear carbon chains HC(2n)H. The B3LYP density functional combined with the DZP basis set was used in this theoretical study. The computed physical properties are discussed. The predicted electron affinities form a remarkably regular sequence: 1.78 (HC(12)H), 2.08 (HC(14)H), 2.32 (HC(16)H), 2.53 (HC(18)H), 2.69 (HC(20)H), 2.83 (HC(22)H), and 2.95 eV (HC(24)H). The predicted structures display an alternating triple and very short single bond pattern, with the degree of bond alternation significantly less for the radical anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubos Horný
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Enlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
| | - J. V. Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, and Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506
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38
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Feuerbacher S, Dreuw A, Cederbaum LS. Cyclic carbon cluster dianions and their aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:3163-8. [PMID: 11902905 DOI: 10.1021/ja0123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic carbon cluster dianions (CC(2))(2-)(n)(n = 3-6) are investigated by ab initio methods with regard to their geometric properties, electronic stability, and aromaticity. The unique wheel-like structures of these dianions consist of a n-membered carbon ring, where a C(2) unit is attached to each carbon atom. All investigated dianions represent stable gas-phase dianions. While the smallest member of this family (CC(2))(2-)(3) is clearly aromatic, the aromatic character decreases rapidly with increasing ring size. The geometries and the aromaticity of the cyclic clusters (CC(2))(2-)(n)(n = 3-6) can be nicely explained using resonance structure arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Feuerbacher
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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40
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Dua S, Bowie JH. Atom Scrambling of Linear C5 in the Gas Phase: a Joint Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013060f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Dua
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005
| | - John H. Bowie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dreuw
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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42
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Baguenard B, Pinaré J, Lépine F, Bordas C, Broyer M. Thermionic emission in small carbon cluster anions. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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McAnoy AM, Dua S, Schröder D, Bowie JH, Schwarz H. The formation of neutral CCC and its radical cation from the CCC radical anion in the gas phase. A joint experimental and theoretical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b206400f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Le Padellec A, Rabilloud F, Pegg D, Neau A, Hellberg F, Thomas R, Schmidt HT, Larsson M, Danared H, Källberg A, Andersson K, Hanstorp D. Electron-impact detachment and dissociation of C4− ions. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1421068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Wang HY, Huang RB, Chen H, Lin MH, Zheng LS. Studies of Linear CnSe- (1 ≤ n ≤ 11) Clusters Produced from Laser Ablation: Collision-Induced Dissociation and ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004313s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rong-Bin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Meng-Hai Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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46
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Szczepanski J, Fuller J, Ekern S, Vala M. Electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectra of large linear carbon clusters isolated in solid argon. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2001; 57:775-786. [PMID: 11345253 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(00)00443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Neutral and anionic carbon clusters have been generated via a laser-induced graphite-based plasma and deposited in a solid argon matrix. Anionic clusters were formed from neutral clusters by using crossed electron/carbon cluster beams. Thermal annealing (to 36 K) resulted in the aggregation of the smaller carbon species, leading to the formation of long chain neutral and anionic clusters. Spectroscopic measurements in the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared and infrared regions revealed a series of bands attributable to a homologous set of odd-numbered C5-C29 neutral clusters and even-numbered C6(-)-C36- anionic clusters. Good agreement is found for the band positions of carbon chains containing odd C15-C21 neutrals and even C6(-)-C22- anions, with species previously identified by Maier and coworkers using mass selection or laser vaporization, followed by neon matrix isolation. Resonance Raman frequencies for the neutral C17, C21 and C23 species are shown to be consistent with the above attributions. Density functional theory calculations agree well with the observed bands. It is found that certain low frequency Raman stretching frequencies decrease in a predictable way with increasing chain length. Comparison of the 0(0)0 absorption transitions of the even C18(-)-C36- anionic clusters with the 'unidentified' infrared (UIR) interstellar emission bands suggests that the electronic emission from specific long chain carbon anions may contribute to the some of the UIR bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szczepanski
- Department of Chemistry and The Center for Chemical Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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47
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Cao Z, Peyerimhoff SD. MRD-CI Characterization of Electronic Spectra of Isoelectronic Species C6-, NC4N+, and CNC3N+. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002659x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zexing Cao
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of the Solid Surface, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sigrid D. Peyerimhoff
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of the Solid Surface, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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48
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Lakin NM, Pachkov M, Tulej M, Maier JP, Chambaud G, Rosmus P. Theoretical and experimental study of the A2Πu–X2Πg band system of C7−. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1321768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Naaman A, Bhushan KG, Pedersen HB, Altstein N, Heber O, Rappaport ML, Moalem R, Zajfman D. Metastable states of negative carbon clusters: Cn−, n=2–6. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1286978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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