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da Silva Santos M, Stüker T, Flach M, Ablyasova OS, Timm M, von Issendorff B, Hirsch K, Zamudio‐Bayer V, Riedel S, Lau JT. The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO 3 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207688. [PMID: 35818987 PMCID: PMC9544489 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the highest possible oxidation states of all transition elements are rare, they are not only of fundamental interest but also relevant as potentially strong oxidizing agents. In general, the highest oxidation states are found in the electron-rich late transition elements of groups 7-9 of the periodic table. Rhodium is the first element of the 4d transition metal series for which the highest known oxidation state does not equal its group number of 9, but reaches only a significantly lower value of +6 in exceptional cases. Higher oxidation states of rhodium have remained elusive so far. In a combined mass spectrometry, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and quantum-chemical study of gas-phaseR h O n + (n=1-4), we identifyR h O 3 + as the1 A 1 ' trioxidorhodium(VII) cation, the first chemical species to contain rhodium in the +7 oxidation state, which is the third-highest oxidation state experimentally verified among all elements in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Silva Santos
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Tony Stüker
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie–Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - Max Flach
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Olesya S. Ablyasova
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Martin Timm
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Vicente Zamudio‐Bayer
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie–Anorganische ChemieFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 34/3614195BerlinGermany
| | - J. Tobias Lau
- Physikalisches InstitutAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgHermann-Herder-Straße 379104FreiburgGermany
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche RöntgenspektroskopieHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und EnergieAlbert-Einstein-Straße 1512489BerlinGermany
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da Silva Santos M, Stüker T, Flach M, Ablyasova OS, Timm M, von Issendorff B, Hirsch K, Zamudio-Bayer V, Riedel S, Lau JT. The Highest Oxidation State of Rhodium: Rhodium(VII) in [RhO3]+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara da Silva Santos
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Physics Albert-Eistein-Str. 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Tony Stüker
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Max Flach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Olesya S. Ablyasova
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Martin Timm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat Freiburg Physikalisches Institut Hermann-Herder-Straße 3 79104 Freiburg GERMANY
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie 12489 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Sebastian Riedel
- Freie Universitat Berlin Institut für Chemie und Biochemie – Anorganische Chemie Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin GERMANY
| | - J. Tobias Lau
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin fur Materialien und Energie GmbH Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie Albert-Einstein-Straße 15 12489 Berlin GERMANY
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Valadbeigi Y, Causon T. Significance of Competitive Reactions in an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Ion Source: Effect of Solvent. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:961-973. [PMID: 35562191 PMCID: PMC9164235 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of organic compounds with different structural and energetic properties including benzene derivatives, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ketones, and polyenes was studied using a commercial atmospheric pressure corona discharge (APCI) ion source on a drift tube ion mobility-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (IM-QTOFMS). It was found that the studied cohort of compounds can be experimentally ionized via protonation, charge transfer, and hydride abstraction leading to formation of [M + H]+, [M]+•, and [M - H]+ species, respectively. By experimentally monitoring the product ions and comparing the thermodynamic data for different ionization paths, it was proposed that NO+ is one of the main reactant ions (RIs) in the ion source used. Of particular focus in this work were theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of solvents frequently used for analytical applications with this ion source (acetonitrile, methanol, and chloroform) on the ionization mechanisms. In methanol, the studied compounds were observed to be ionized mainly via proton transfer while acetonitrile suppressed the protonation of compounds and enhanced their ionization via charge transfer and hydride abstraction. Use of chloroform as a solvent led to formation of CHCl2+ as an alternative reactant ion (RI) to ionize the analytes via electrophilic substitution. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the different paths of ionization. The theoretical and experimental results showed that by using only the absolute thermodynamic data, the real ionization path cannot be determined and the energies of all competing processes such as charge transfer, protonation, and hydride abstraction need to be compared.
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Joy J, Danovich D, Shaik S. Nature of the Trigger Linkage in Explosive Materials Is a Charge-Shift Bond. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15588-15596. [PMID: 34612631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Explosion begins by rupture of a specific bond, in the explosive, called a trigger linkage. We characterize this bond in nitro-containing explosives. Valence-bond (VB) investigations of X-NO2 linkages in alkyl nitrates, nitramines, and nitro esters establish the existence of Pauli repulsion that destabilizes the covalent structure of these bonds. The trigger linkages are mainly stabilized by covalent-ionic resonance and are therefore charge-shift bonds (CSBs). The source of Pauli repulsion in nitro explosives is unique. It is traced to the hyperconjugative interaction from the oxygen lone pairs of NO2 into the σ(X-N)* orbital, which thereby weakens the X-NO2 bond, and depletes its electron density as X becomes more electronegative. Weaker trigger bonds have higher CSB characters. In turn, weaker bonds increase the sensitivity of the explosive to impacts/shocks which lead to detonation. Application of the analysis to realistic explosives supports the CSB character of their X-NO2 bonds by independent criteria. Furthermore, other families of explosives also involve CSBs as trigger linkages (O-O, N-O, Cl-O, N-I, etc. bonds). In all of these, detonation is initiated selectively at the CSB of the molecule. A connection is made between the CSB bond-weakening and the surface-electrostatic potential diagnosis in the trigger bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothish Joy
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - David Danovich
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Yu T, Wu X, Ning X, Chen Y, Zhou X, Dai X, Liu F, Liu S. Ro-vibrational Distribution of NO + Dissociated from NO 2+ Ions in the a 3B 2 and b 3A 2 States: A Slow "Impulsive" Dissociation Example Revealed from Threshold Photoelectron-Photoion Coincidence Imaging. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3316-3326. [PMID: 33861064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the contentions about dissociative photoionization mechanism of nitrogen dioxide via the a3B2 and b3A2 ionic states, a new threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence (TPEPICO) velocity imaging has been conducted in the 12.8-14.0 eV energy range at the Hefei Light Source. The fine vibrational-resolved threshold photoelectron spectrum agrees well with the previous measurements. The ro-vibrational distributions of NO+, as the unique fragment ion in the dissociation of NO2+ in specific vibronic levels of a3B2 and b3A2 states, are derived from the recorded TPEPICO velocity images. A "cold" vibrational (v+ = 0) and "hot" rotational population is observed at the a3B2(0,3,0) and (0,4,0) vibronic levels, while the dissociation of NO2+ in b3A2(0,0,0) leads to the NO+ fragment with both hot vibrational and rotational populations. With the aid of the quantum chemical calculations at the time-dependent B3LYP level, minimum energy paths on the potential energy surfaces of the a3B2 and b3A2 states clarify their adiabatic dissociation mechanisms near the thresholds, and this study proposes reliable explanations for the observed internal energy distributions of fragment ions. Additionally, this study provides valuable insights into the application of the classical "impulsive" model on an overall slow dissociation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongpo Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiangkun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaohan Ning
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Fuyi Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Tsegaw YA, Góbi S, Förstel M, Maksyutenko P, Sander W, Kaiser RI. Formation of Hydroxylamine in Low-Temperature Interstellar Model Ices. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7477-7493. [PMID: 28892389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yetsedaw A. Tsegaw
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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Kuklja MM, Tsyshevsky RV, Sharia O. Effect of Polar Surfaces on Decomposition of Molecular Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:13289-302. [DOI: 10.1021/ja506297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maija M. Kuklja
- Materials Science and Engineering
Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Roman V. Tsyshevsky
- Materials Science and Engineering
Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Onise Sharia
- Materials Science and Engineering
Department, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Blechle JM, Cuddy MF, Fisher ER. Effect of ion energies on the surface interactions of NO formed in nitrogen oxide plasma systems. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:1204-15. [PMID: 23163588 DOI: 10.1021/jp305331x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of various gas-phase species in surface reactions are of significant value to assess and improve catalytic substrates for abatement of vehicular emissions. The impact of ions on surface scatter of NO radicals is investigated with an aim toward improving and tailoring surfaces for the reduction or removal of nitrogen oxide (N(x)O(y)) species via inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs). Nascent ions are monitored via mass spectrometry and energy analysis for a variety of N(x)O(y) precursor gases. The total average ion energy (<E(i)>(total)) determined for all ions within each respective plasma system shows a strong positive correlation with applied rf power and a negative correlation with system pressure. The imaging of radicals interacting with surfaces (IRIS) technique was used to determine the role ions play in the surface scatter of NO radicals. The net effect of ions on substrate processing is largely dependent upon <E(i)>(total). Scatter coefficients (S), determined for ion-limited and ion-rich plasma systems were used to correlate <E(i)>(total) and scatter. The resultant effect is that ions play a substantial role in scatter of NO only when <E(i)>(total) > ~50 eV. The majority of systems studied contained ions below this energy threshold, suggesting knowledge of ion energies is integral to appropriately controlling the chemistry occurring between the gas-phase and surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Blechle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
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Himmel D, Knapp C, Patzschke M, Riedel S. How Far Can We Go? Quantum-Chemical Investigations of Oxidation State +IX. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:865-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Chang HB, Huang MB. A Theoretical Study on the Electronic States and O-Loss Photodissociation of the NO2+Ion. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:582-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vredenborg A, Roeterdink WG, Janssen MHM. Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron-photoion coincidence imaging of multiphoton multichannel photodynamics in NO2. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:204311. [PMID: 18513023 DOI: 10.1063/1.2924134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiphoton multichannel photodynamics of NO(2) has been studied using femtosecond time-resolved coincidence imaging. A novel photoelectron-photoion coincidence imaging machine was developed at the laboratory in Amsterdam employing velocity map imaging and "slow" charged particle extraction using additional electron and ion optics. The NO(2) photodynamics was studied using a two color pump-probe scheme with femtosecond pulses at 400 and 266 nm. The multiphoton excitation produces both NO(2) (+) parent ions and NO(+) fragment ions. Here we mainly present the time dependent photoelectron images in coincidence with NO(2) (+) or NO(+) and the (NO(+),e) photoelectron versus fragment ion kinetic energy correlations. The coincidence photoelectron spectra and the correlated energy distributions make it possible to assign the different dissociation pathways involved. Nonadiabatic dynamics between the ground state and the A (2)B(2) state after absorption of a 400 nm photon is reflected in the transient photoelectron spectrum of the NO(2) (+) parent ion. Furthermore, Rydberg states are believed to be used as "stepping" states responsible for the rather narrow and well-separated photoelectron spectra in the NO(2) (+) parent ion. Slow statistical and fast direct fragmentation of NO(2) (+) after prompt photoelectron ejection is observed leading to formation of NO(+)+O. Fragmentation from both the ground state and the electronically excited a (3)B(2) and b (3)A(2) states of NO(2) (+) is observed. At short pump probe delay times, the dominant multiphoton pathway for NO(+) formation is a 3x400 nm+1x266 nm excitation. At long delay times (>500 fs) two multiphoton pathways are observed. The dominant pathway is a 1x400 nm+2x266 nm photon excitation giving rise to very slow electrons and ions. A second pathway is a 3x400 nm photon absorption to NO(2) Rydberg states followed by dissociation toward neutral electronically and vibrationally excited NO(A (2)Sigma,v=1) fragments, ionized by one 266 nm photon absorption. As is shown in the present study, even though the pump-probe transients are rather featureless the photoelectron-photoion coincidence images show a complex time varying dynamics in NO(2). We present the potential of our novel coincidence imaging machine to unravel in unprecedented detail the various competing pathways in femtosecond time-resolved multichannel multiphoton dynamics of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arno Vredenborg
- Laser Centre and Department of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yao L, Du L, Ge M, Wang D. Experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure and the ionization and dissociation processes of trifluoromethyl peroxynitrate. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:184301. [PMID: 17508797 DOI: 10.1063/1.2734971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a complete study of the ionization and dissociation processes for trifluoromethyl peroxynitrate (CF3OONO2). CF3OONO2 was generated by UV photolysis of a mixture of (CF3CO)2O, NO2, and O2. The product was detected and characterized by the photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and photoionization mass spectroscopy (PIMS). The geometric and electronic structures of CF3OONO2 were investigated by the combination of experiments and the density functional and ab initio calculations. It is worthwhile mentioning that drastic changes occur in the geometry of CF3OONO2 after ionization. Due to the removal of one electron from the O-N sigma bond, the COON dihedral angle changes to 180 degrees and as a result, the nonplanar structure becomes planar. And the O-N single bond length increases remarkably, with the positive charge most localized on the NO2 moiety. The experimental first vertical ionization potential is 12.39 eV. Based on the calculated bond dissociation energies, the dissociation pathway was predicted. The calculated results explain the ion intensities observed in the photoionization mass spectrum. The dissociation of O-N single bond is found to be the most favored of the possible dissociation paths for CF3OONO2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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Hu YJ, Fu HB, Bernstein ER. Vibronic spectroscopy of the peroxyacetyl radical in the near IR. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:114305. [PMID: 16555886 DOI: 10.1063/1.2179428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The A 2A'<--X 2A" electronic transition of the peroxyacetyl radical (PA) is observed employing NIR/VUV ion enhancement, supersonic jet spectroscopy. Rotational envelope simulations yield a rotational temperature for ground state PA of ca. 55 K. Ab initio calculations of transition energies and vibrational frequencies for the A<--X transition assist in the assignment of the observed spectrum. A number of the vibrational modes of the A state are assigned to observed transitions (the O-O stretch 2(1), the COO bend 5(1), and the CCOO backbone bend 6(1)). The calculations and mass spectra suggest that the ground state of the PA ion is repulsive. An increase in rotational linewidth of the overtone of the O-O stretch (2(1)) is observed and discussed in terms of A state dynamics. The O-O stretch anharmonicity is estimated to be 13.35 cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, USA
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Uselman B, Liu J, Boyle J, Anderson S. State-Selective Preparation of NO2+ and the Effects of NO2+ Vibrational Mode on Charge Transfer with NO. J Phys Chem A 2005; 110:1278-87. [PMID: 16435788 DOI: 10.1021/jp053269j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two color resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) scheme of NO(2) through the E (2)Sigma(u)(+) (3psigma) Rydberg state was used to prepare NO(2)(+) in its ground and (100), (010), (02(0)0), (02(2)0), and (001) vibrational states. Photoelectron spectroscopy was used to verify >96% state selection purity, in good agreement with results of Bell et al. for a similar REMPI scheme. The effects of NO(2)(+) vibrational excitation on charge transfer with NO have been studied over the center-of-mass collision energy (E(col)) range from 0.07 to 2.15 eV. Charge transfer is strongly suppressed by collision energy at E(col) < approximately 0.25 eV but is independent of E(col) at higher energies. Mode-specific vibrational effects are observed for both the integral and differential cross-sections. The NO(2)(+) bending vibration strongly enhances charge transfer, with enhancement proportional to the bending quantum number, and is not dependent on the bending angular momentum. The enhancement results from increased charge transfer probability in large impact parameter collisions that lead to small deflection angles. The symmetric stretch also enhances reaction at low collision energies, albeit less efficiently than the bend. The asymmetric stretch has virtually no effect, despite being the highest-energy mode. A model is proposed to account for both the collision energy and the vibrational state dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brady Uselman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S. 1400 E. Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Gengeliczki Z, Sztáray B, Baer T, Iceman C, Armentrout PB. Heats of Formation of Co(CO)2NOPR3, R = CH3 and C2H5, and Its Ionic Fragments. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:9393-402. [PMID: 15984866 DOI: 10.1021/ja0504744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A joint threshold photoelectron photoion coincidence spectrometry (TPEPICO) and collision-induced dissociation (CID) study on the thermochemistry of Co(CO)(2)NOPR(3), R = CH(3) (Me) and C(2)H(5) (Et), complexes is presented. Adiabatic ionization energies of 7.36 +/- 0.04 and 7.24 +/- 0.04 eV, respectively, were extracted from scans of the total ion and threshold electron signals. In the TPEPICO study, the following 0 K onsets were determined for the various fragment ions: CoCONOPMe(3)(+), 8.30 +/- 0.05 eV; CoNOPMe(3)(+), 9.11 +/- 0.05 eV; CoPMe(3)(+) 10.80 +/- 0.05 eV; CoCONOPEt(3)(+), 8.14 +/- 0.05 eV; CoNOPEt(3)(+), 8.92 +/- 0.05 eV; and CoPEt(3)(+), 10.66 +/- 0.05 eV. These onsets were combined with the Co(+)-PR(3) (R = CH(3) and C(2)H(5)) bond dissociation energies of 2.88 +/- 0.11 and 3.51 +/- 0.17 eV, obtained from the TCID experiments, to derive the heats of formation of the neutral and ionic species. Thus, the Co(CO)(2)NOPR(3) (R = CH(3) and C(2)H(5)) 0 K heats of formation were found to be -350 +/- 13 and -376 +/- 18 kJ x mol(-)(1), respectively. These heats of formation were combined with the published heat of formation of Co(CO)(3)NO to determine the substitution enthalpies of the carbonyl to phosphine substitution reactions. Room-temperature values of the heats of formation are also given using the calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies. Analysis of the TCID experimental results provides indirectly the adiabatic ionization energies of the free phosphine ligands, P(CH(3))(3) and P(C(2)H(5))(3), of 7.83 +/- 0.03 and 7.50 +/- 0.03 eV, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Gengeliczki
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Ervin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Physics Program, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
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Baltzer P, Karlsson L, Wannberg B, Holland D, MacDonald M, Hayes M, Eland J. An experimental study of the valence shell photoelectron spectrum of the NO2 molecule. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bach RD, Ayala PY, Schlegel HB. A Reassessment of the Bond Dissociation Energies of Peroxides. An ab Initio Study. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961838i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Bach
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3489
| | - Philippe Y. Ayala
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3489
| | - H. B. Schlegel
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3489
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