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Smith JC, Reber AC, Khanna SN, Castleman AW. Boron substitution in aluminum cluster anions: magic clusters and reactivity with oxygen. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8485-92. [PMID: 24725222 DOI: 10.1021/jp501934t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the size-selective reactivity of AlnBm(-) clusters m = 1,2 with O2 to investigate the effect of congener substitution in energetic aluminum clusters. Mixed-metal clusters offer an additional strategy for tuning the electronic and geometric structure of clusters and by substituting an atom with a congener; we may investigate the effect of structural changes in clusters with similar electronic structures. Using a fast-flow tube mass spectrometer, we formed aluminum boride cluster anions and exposed them to molecular oxygen. We found multiple stable species with Al12B(-) and Al11B2(-) being highly resistant to reactivity with oxygen. These clusters behave in a similar manner as Al13(-), which has previously been found to be stable in oxygen because of its icosahedral geometry and its filled electronic shell. Al13(-) and Al12B(-) have icosahedral structures, while Al11B2(-) forms a distorted icosahedron. All three of these clusters have filled electronic shells, and Al12B(-) has a larger HOMO-LUMO gap due to its compact geometry. Other cluster sizes are investigated, and the structures of the AlnB(-) series are found to have endohedrally doped B atoms, as do many of the AlnB2(-) clusters. The primary etching products are found to be a loss of two Al2O molecules, with boron likely to remain in the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Smith
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University , 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Breuer L, Kucher A, Herder M, Wucher A, Winograd N. Formation of Neutral InmCn Clusters under C60 Ion Bombardment of Indium. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8542-52. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5024247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Breuer
- Chemistry Department, The Pennsylvania State University , 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Shin SK, Jeong DW, Kim KK, Roy M, Park SM. Laser Ablation of Ti in N 2Jet: Formation of TiN 2+. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.2.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Reber AC, Roach PJ, Woodward WH, Khanna SN, Castleman AW. Edge-Induced Active Sites Enhance the Reactivity of Large Aluminum Cluster Anions with Alcohols. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8085-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3047196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C. Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
23284, United States
| | - Patrick J. Roach
- Department
of Chemistry and
Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - W. Hunter Woodward
- Department
of Chemistry and
Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
23284, United States
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Department
of Chemistry and
Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Dong F, Heinbuch S, Xie Y, Rocca JJ, Bernstein ER. Experimental and theoretical study of neutral AlmCn and AlmCnHx clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2569-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b922026g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Reber AC, Khanna SN, Roach PJ, Woodward WH, Castleman AW. Spin Accommodation and Reactivity of Aluminum Based Clusters with O2. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:16098-101. [DOI: 10.1021/ja075998d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur C. Reber
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Shiv N. Khanna
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Patrick J. Roach
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - William H. Woodward
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - A. Welford Castleman
- Contribution from the Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, and Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Roach PJ, Reber AC, Woodward WH, Khanna SN, Castleman AW. Al4H7(-) is a resilient building block for aluminum hydrogen cluster materials. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:14565-9. [PMID: 17823245 PMCID: PMC1976228 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706613104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation and oxygen etching of Al(n)H(m)(-) clusters are characterized in a flow reactor experiment with first-principles theoretical investigations to demonstrate the exceptional stability of Al(4)H(7)(-). The origin of the preponderance of Al(4)H(7)(-) in the mass spectra of hydrogenated aluminum anions and its resistance to O(2) etching are discussed. Al(4)H(7)(-) is shown to have the ability to bond with ionic partners to form stable hydrides through addition of an alkali atom [XAl(4)H(7) (X = Li-Cs)]. An intuitive model that can predict the existence of stable hydrogenated cluster species is proposed. The potential synthetic utility of the superatom assemblies built on these units is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Roach
- *Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and
| | - A. C. Reber
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - W. H. Woodward
- *Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and
| | - S. N. Khanna
- Department of Physics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - A. W. Castleman
- *Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; and
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He SG, Xie Y, Guo Y, Bernstein ER. Formation, detection, and stability studies of neutral vanadium sulfide clusters. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:194315. [PMID: 17523812 DOI: 10.1063/1.2730828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral vanadium sulfide clusters are generated by the reaction of seeded hydrogen sulfide in a helium carrier gas with laser ablated vanadium metal within a supersonic nozzle. The exiting clusters are expanded into a vacuum in a molecular beam and are ionized by both ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum UV (VUV) laser radiation. The generated ions are detected by a time of flight mass spectrometer. With single photon ionization (SPI) employing VUV (118 nm) radiation, sulfur rich clusters (V(m)S(n), n>m+1) and hydrogen containing clusters (V(m)S(n)H(x), x>0) are observed. With multiphoton ionization (MPI) through nanosecond UV (193 nm) radiation, these sulfur rich and hydrogen containing clusters cannot be observed, indicating severe fragmentation generated by MPI and the importance of SPI in determining the neutral vanadium sulfide cluster distribution. With MPI through femtosecond UV (226 nm) radiation, a few sulfur rich and hydrogen containing clusters are detected, but most clusters observed by SPI are still undetected even by femtosecond MPI. Density functional theory calculations are applied to optimize energies and structures of the clusters with m=1-3 and n=0-7. The experimental results are well interpreted based on the calculations. The calculated and experimental results for vanadium sulfides are compared with those of vanadium oxides in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Gui He
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1872 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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Lightstone JM, Mann HA, Wu M, Johnson PM, White MG. Gas-Phase Production of Molybdenum Carbide, Nitride, and Sulfide Clusters and Nanocrystallites. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027674b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James M. Lightstone
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 and Chemistry Department, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11974
| | - Heather A. Mann
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 and Chemistry Department, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11974
| | - Ming Wu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 and Chemistry Department, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11974
| | - Philip M. Johnson
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 and Chemistry Department, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11974
| | - Michael G. White
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973 and Chemistry Department, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11974
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Leskiw BD, Knappenberger KL, Castleman AW. Relaxation dynamics of the electronically excited vanadium Met–Car cluster. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1512653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kooi S, Castleman A. Dehydrogenation of ammonia by early transition metals: formation of metal nitride clusters. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Auberry KJ, Byun YG, Jacobson DB, Freiser BS. Kinetics of Metallocarbohedrenes: An FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Study of the Association Reactions of Ti8C12+ with Polar and Nonpolar Molecules. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp991806s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken J. Auberry
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Yong Gwan Byun
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Denley B. Jacobson
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Ben S. Freiser
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Sumathi R, Hendrickx M. Density Functional Study on the Structures and Energies of the Ti2C2 Cluster. J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982776g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sumathi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Hendrickx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Sakurai H, Castleman AW. Titanium−Carbon Clusters: New Evidence for High Stability of Neutral Met-Cars. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp970947w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Brenner JR, Marshall CL, Nieman GC, Parks EK, Riley SJ, Ellis L, Tomczyk NA, Winans RE. Structural Characterization of Rhodium-Containing Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Catalysts Derived from a Laser Vaporization Cluster Source. J Catal 1997. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.1997.1522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Byun YG, Lee SA, Kan SZ, Freiser BS. Reactivities of Metallocarbohedrenes: Nb8C12+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp961166i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. G. Byun
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - S. A. Lee
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - S. Z. Kan
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Ben S. Freiser
- H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Cartier SF, May BD, Castleman AW. Formation, Structure, and Stabilities of Metallocarbohedrenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9534388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. F. Cartier
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - B. D. May
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - A. W. Castleman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Lu W, Huang R, Ding J, Yang S. Generation of fullerenes and metal–carbon clusters in a pulsed arc cluster ion source (PACIS). J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Byun YG, Freiser BS. Reactivities of Metallo−Carbohedrenes: Evidence That V8C12+ Has Td or D2d Symmetry. J Am Chem Soc 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ja952787c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. G. Byun
- Contribution from the H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Ben S. Freiser
- Contribution from the H. C. Brown Laboratory of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Brock LR, Duncan MA. Near-Threshold Photoionization to Probe Neutral “Met-Car” Clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953421p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Brock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Cartier SF, May BD, Castleman AW. The delayed ionization and atomic ion emission of binary metal metallocarbohedrenes TixMyC12 (M=Zr, Nb; 0⩽y⩽4; x+y=8). J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Pilgrim J, Duncan M. Photochemical cleavage of metal—carbon nanocrystals and their reconstruction into met—cars clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(94)04058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Chen H, Feyereisen M, Long XP, Fitzgerald G. Stability, bonding, and geometric structure of Ti8C12, Ti8N12, V8C12, and Zr8C12. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1993; 71:1732-1735. [PMID: 10054484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.71.1732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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28
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Chen ZY, Castleman AW. Growth of titanium nitride: From clusters to microcrystals. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.464669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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