1
|
Bahadur R, Wijerathne B, Vinu A. Multiple Heteroatom Doped Nanoporous Biocarbon for Supercapacitor and Zinc-ion Capacitor. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400999. [PMID: 38973030 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of nanoporous carbon for energy storage has seen a significant rise due to its exciting properties such as high surface area, hierarchical porosity and exceptional electrochemical properties. These unique advantages of exceptional surface and electrochemical properties of these porous carbon nanostructures can be coupled with the individual doping of heteroatoms such as S, N, O, and B for achieving high energy storage capacity and stability. Herein, we integrated the synthesis of carbon nitride (CN) and borocarbonitride (BCN) with solid state activation for introducing multiple heteroatoms (B, N, O, and S) onto the nanoporous carbon frameworks. The produced materials exhibit abundance of micro and mesoporosity, a high surface area of 2909 m2 g-1, and a pore volume of 0.87 cm3 g-1. Also, it offers an exceptional capacitance of 233.5 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 with 3 M KOH as electrolyte. Further, the optimised material was explored as cathode in zinc ion capacitor which delivers an energy and power density of 50.4 Wh kg-1 and 400 W kg-1 respectively in addition to high cyclability. Studies on the formation of the intermediate phases during charging/discharging of the cell through ex situ characterization result in some useful insights into the stability of ZIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Bahadur
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| | - Binodhya Wijerathne
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seymour J, Gousseva E, Large A, Held G, Hein D, Wartner G, Quevedo W, Seidel R, Kolbeck C, Clarke CJ, Fogarty R, Bourne R, Bennett R, Palgrave R, Hunt PA, Lovelock KRJ. Resonant Electron Spectroscopy: Identification of Atomic Contributions to Valence States. Faraday Discuss 2022; 236:389-411. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Valence electronic structure is crucial for understanding and predicting reactivity. Valence non-resonant X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NRXPS) provides a direct method for probing the overall valence electronic structure. However, it is...
Collapse
|
3
|
Fogarty RM, Palgrave RG, Bourne RA, Handrup K, Villar-Garcia IJ, Payne DJ, Hunt PA, Lovelock KRJ. Electron spectroscopy of ionic liquids: experimental identification of atomic orbital contributions to valence electronic structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18893-18910. [PMID: 31441923 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02200g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The atomic contributions to valence electronic structure for 37 ionic liquids (ILs) are identified using a combination of variable photon energy XPS, resonant Auger electron spectroscopy (RAES) and a subtraction method. The ILs studied include a diverse range of cationic and anionic structural moieties. We introduce a new parameter for ILs, the energy difference between the energies of the cationic and anionic highest occupied fragment orbitals (HOFOs), which we use to identify the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The anion gave rise to the HOMO for 25 of the 37 ILs studied here. For 10 of the ILs, the energies of the cationic and anionic HOFOs were the same (within experimental error); therefore, it could not be determined whether the HOMO was from the cation or the anion. For two of the ILs, the HOMO was from the cation and not from the anion; consequently it is energetically more favourable to remove an electron from the cation than the anion for these two ILs. In addition, we used a combination of area normalisation and subtraction of XP spectra to produce what are effectively XP spectra for individual ions; this was achieved for 10 cations and 14 anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard A Bourne
- Institute of Process Research and Development, Schools of Chemistry and Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | | | | | - David J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wood KN, Christensen ST, Nordlund D, Dameron AA, Ngo C, Dinh H, Gennett T, O'Hayre R, Pylypenko S. Spectroscopic investigation of nitrogen‐functionalized carbon materials. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N. Wood
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois Street Golden CO 80401 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | | | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Rd Menlo Park CA 94023 USA
| | | | - Chilan Ngo
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry Colorado School of Mines 1012 14th Street Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Huyen Dinh
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Thomas Gennett
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Pkwy Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Ryan O'Hayre
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Colorado School of Mines 1500 Illinois Street Golden CO 80401 USA
| | - Svitlana Pylypenko
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry Colorado School of Mines 1012 14th Street Golden CO 80401 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Legall H, Stiel H, Beck M, Leupold D, Gruszecki WI, Lokstein H. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) of pigment-protein complexes: peridinin-chlorophyll a protein (PCP) of Amphidinium carterae. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL METHODS 2007; 70:369-76. [PMID: 17011037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peridinin-chlorophyll a protein (PCP) is a unique water soluble antenna complex that employs the carotenoid peridinin as the main light-harvesting pigment. In the present study the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectrum of PCP was recorded at the carbon K-edge. Additionally, the NEXAFS spectra of the constituent pigments, chlorophyll a and peridinin, were measured. The energies of the lowest unoccupied molecular levels of these pigments appearing in the carbon NEXAFS spectrum were resolved. Individual contributions of the pigments and the protein to the measured NEXAFS spectrum of PCP were determined using a "building block" approach combining NEXAFS spectra of the pigments and the amino acids constituting the PCP apoprotein. The results suggest that absorption changes of the pigments in the carbon near K-edge region can be resolved following excitation using a suitable visible pump laser pulse. Consequently, it may be possible to study excitation energy transfer processes involving "optically dark" states of carotenoids in pigment-protein complexes by soft X-ray probe optical pump double resonance spectroscopy (XODR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Legall
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Str. 2a, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schnadt J, Henningsson A, Andersson MP, Karlsson PG, Uvdal P, Siegbahn H, Brühwiler PA, Sandell A. Adsorption and Charge-Transfer Study of Bi-isonicotinic Acid on In Situ-Grown Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0344491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Schnadt
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anders Henningsson
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Martin P. Andersson
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Patrik G. Karlsson
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Per Uvdal
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Hans Siegbahn
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Paul A. Brühwiler
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anders Sandell
- Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Box 530, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden, Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, University of Lund, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden, and EMPA, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schnadt J, O’Shea JN, Patthey L, Kjeldgaard L, Åhlund J, Nilson K, Schiessling J, Krempaský J, Shi M, Karis O, Glover C, Siegbahn H, Mårtensson N, Brühwiler PA. Excited-state charge transfer dynamics in systems of aromatic adsorbates on TiO2 studied with resonant core techniques. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1586692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|