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Holmes-Ross HL, Gascooke JR, Lawrance WD. Correlated Product Distributions in the Photodissociation of à State NO–CH 4 and NO–N 2 van der Waals Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7981-7996. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather L. Holmes-Ross
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia5001, Australia
| | - Jason R. Gascooke
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia5001, Australia
| | - Warren D. Lawrance
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia5001, Australia
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2
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Parsons BF, Rivera MR, Onder MK. NO (A) Rotational State Distributions from Photodissociation of the N 2-NO Complex. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5729-5737. [PMID: 35994689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have recorded the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectrum for NO (A) products from photodissociation of the N2-NO complex. We made measurements at excitation energies ranging from 28 to 758 cm-1 above the threshold to produce NO (A) + N2 (X) products, and the resulting spectra reveal the NO (A) rotational states formed during dissociation, allowing us to determine the rotational state distribution. At the lowest available energies, 28 and 50 cm-1 above threshold, we observed contributions from NO (A) rotational states that exceed the available energy and must originate from excitation due to hotbands of the complex. At all higher energies, we did not observe any energetically disallowed NO (A) rotational states, and for all available energies above 259 cm-1 the observed rotational transitions do not extend to the maximum allowed by energy conservation. Furthermore, the observed distributions were typically biased toward low rotational states, in contrast with expectations from vibrational predissociation. From the rotational state distributions, we determined the average fraction of energy partitioned into NO (A) rotation, fNO rot, ave, to be 0.088 at the highest available energy, and this fraction increased as the available energy decreased. By combining the average NO (A) rotational energy along with the average center-of-mass translational energy from our previous work, we determined the average rotational energy for the undetected N2 (X) photoproduct. The results showed that the N2 fragment has a higher average rotational energy relative to the NO fragment. Finally, we found that the NO (A) rotational state distribution was colder than expected for a statistical dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley F Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - Marcos R Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - Michael K Onder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
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3
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Parsons BF, Draney AW, Warder HJ, Rivera MR, Onder MK. Anisotropy Measurements from the Near-Threshold Photodissociation of the N 2-NO Complex. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1386-1392. [PMID: 35179379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have used velocity map ion imaging to measure the angular anisotropy of the NO (A) products from the photodissociation of the N2-NO complex. Our experiment ranged from 108 to 758 cm-1 above the threshold energy to form NO (A) + N2 (X) products, and these measurements reveal, for the first time, a strong angular anisotropy from photodissociation. At 108 cm-1 above the photodissociation threshold, we observed NO (A) photoproducts recoil preferentially perpendicular to the laser polarization axis with an average anisotropy parameter, β = -0.25; however, as the available energy was increased, the anisotropy increased, and at 758 cm-1 above the threshold energy, we found an average β = +0.28. The observed changes in the angular anisotropy of the NO (A) photoproduct are qualitatively similar to those observed for the photodissociation of the Ar-NO complex and likely result from changes in the region of the excited state potential energy surface accessed during the electronic excitation. At the lowest available energy, we also noted a large contribution from hotband excitation; however, this contribution decreased as the available energy increased. The outsized contribution at the lowest available energy may result from hotbands having better Franck-Condon overlap with the excited electronic state near threshold. Finally, we contrast the experimental center of mass translational energy distribution with a statistical energy distribution determined from phase space theory. The experimental and statistical distributions show pronounced disagreement, particularly at low kinetic energies, with the experimental one showing less dissociation resulting in high rotational levels of the fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley F Parsons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - Adrian W Draney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - Hunter J Warder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - Marcos R Rivera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - Michael K Onder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
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4
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Parsons BF, Jayson CJ, Szpunar DE, Cook MM. Photodissociation of the N 2-NO Complex between 225.8 and 224.0 nm. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3406-3414. [PMID: 33852318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our primary goal was to measure the NO (A) photoproduct appearance energy and ground-state dissociation energy of the N2-NO complex. We recorded velocity map ion images of NO photofragments resulting from the dissociation of the N2-NO complex excited between ∼225.8 and 224.0 nm, which ranged from the photodissociation threshold to about 342 cm-1 above the threshold. In the experiment, one photon dissociated the complex through the N2 (X 1Σg+)-NO (A 2Σ+) ← N2 (X 1Σg+)-NO (X 2Π) transition, and a second photon nonresonantly ionized the NO (A) photoproduct. The lowest-energy photons near 225.8 nm did not have sufficient energy to photodissociate the lowest excited state of the complex; however, dissociation was observed with increasing photon energy. On the basis of the experiments, we determined the appearance energy for the NO (A) photoproduct to be 44 284.7 ± 2.8 cm-1. From the appearance energy and the NO A ← X origin band transition, we determined a ground-state dissociation energy of 85.8 ± 2.8 cm-1. As we increased the photon energy, the excess energy was partitioned into rotational modes of the diatomic products as well as product translational energy. We found good agreement between the average fraction of rotational energy and the predictions of a simple pseudo three atom impulsive model. Finally, at all photon energies, we observed some contribution from internally excited complexes in the resulting P(ET). The maximum internal energy of these complexes was consistent with the ground-state dissociation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley F Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - Cameron J Jayson
- Department of Chemistry, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States
| | - David E Szpunar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481, United States
| | - Mark M Cook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, 2101 Fourth Avenue, Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481, United States
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5
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State-to-state scattering of highly vibrationally excited NO at broadly tunable energies. Nat Chem 2020; 12:528-534. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Teplukhin A, Kendrick BK. Three-dimensional potential energy surfaces of ArNO (X̃ 2Π). J Chem Phys 2020; 152:114302. [PMID: 32199434 DOI: 10.1063/1.5145011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Until now, the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the ArNO complex found in the literature were two-dimensional, with the NO interatomic distance being fixed. In this work, we present the first accurate three-dimensional ground state X̃ 2Π PESs (both A' and A″) of ArNO computed at the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory. The equilibrium geometries and the well depths (De) are compared to several other electronic structure methods. We found that using the multireference method, MRCI-F12 makes the surfaces much shallower (by 25%) and the depth of the surfaces does not agree with experimental data. The explicitly correlated coupled-cluster method underestimates the well depth as well. Analytic representations for both A' and A″ surfaces were fit to 4380 ab initio points to within 2.71 cm-1. A three-dimensional Numerov propagator method in Delves coordinates is used to compute the bound state spectrum up to Jtot = 6.5. The recommended dissociation energies are D0 = 97.2 cm-1 for the adiabatic ground state and De = 133.7 (128.1) cm-1 for A' (A″).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Teplukhin
- Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Brian K Kendrick
- Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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7
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Hammami H, Ben Mohamed F, Mohamed D, Ben El Hadj Rhouma M, Al Mogren MM, Hochlaf M. One-electron pseudo-potential investigation of NO(X 2Π)–Ar n clusters ( n = 1,2,3,4). Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1337252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Hammami
- Laboratoire de Recherche d'Etude des Milieux Ionisés et Réactifs (EMIR), Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs, Université de Monastir, Tunisie
| | - F.E. Ben Mohamed
- Laboratoire de Recherche d'Etude des Milieux Ionisés et Réactifs (EMIR), Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs, Université de Monastir, Tunisie
| | - D. Mohamed
- Laboratoire de Recherche d'Etude des Milieux Ionisés et Réactifs (EMIR), Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs, Université de Monastir, Tunisie
| | - M. Ben El Hadj Rhouma
- Laboratoire de Recherche d'Etude des Milieux Ionisés et Réactifs (EMIR), Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs, Université de Monastir, Tunisie
| | - M. M. Al Mogren
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Hochlaf
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, Université Paris-Est, Marne-la-Vallée, France
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8
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Kłos J, Zhang SG, Meyer H. The near-IR spectrum of NO(X̃(2)Π)-Ne detected through excitation into the Ã-state continuum: A joint experimental and theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:114307. [PMID: 27004876 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present new measurements of the near IR spectrum of NO-Ne in the region of the first NO overtone transition. The IR absorption is detected by exciting the vibrationally excited complex to the Ã-state dissociation continuum. The resulting NO(A) fragment is subsequently ionized in the same laser pulse. Spectra of the two lowest bands, A and B, are recorded. The spectra are compared with calculated spectra based on bound states derived from a new set of high level ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs). For the calculation, the PESs are used with either fixed NO intermolecular distance or averaged for the vibrational states of NO (X̃, v = 0 or 2). Spectra based on the new PESs reproduce the experimental spectra better than theoretical spectra based on the older PESs of M. H. Alexander et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 114, 5588 (2001)]. Especially, spectra based on the two different vibrationally averaged PESs show a marked improvement in comparison to the one based on the fixed internuclear NO-distance. A fitted set of spectroscopic constants allows to reproduce most of the finer details of the measured spectra. Monitoring simultaneously the NO fragment ion and the parent ion channels while scanning the UV wavelength through the NO A-X hot-band region enabled us to confirm the NO-Ne Ã-state dissociation limit of 44233 ± 5 cm(-1). These measurements also confirm the absence of a structured NO-Ne spectrum involving the Ã-state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-2021, USA
| | - S G Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2451, USA
| | - H Meyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2451, USA
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9
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Holmes-Ross HL, Valenti RJ, Yu HG, Hall GE, Lawrance WD. Rotational and angular distributions of NO products from NO-Rg (Rg = He, Ne, Ar) complex photodissociation. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:044309. [PMID: 26827219 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of an investigation into the rotational and angular distributions of the NO à state fragment following photodissociation of the NO-He, NO-Ne, and NO-Ar van der Waals complexes excited via the à ← X̃ transition. For each complex, the dissociation is probed for several values of Ea, the available energy above the dissociation threshold. For NO-He, the Ea values probed were 59, 172, and 273 cm(-1); for NO-Ne they were 50 and 166 cm(-1); and for NO-Ar they were 44, 94, 194, and 423 cm(-1). The NO à state rotational distributions arising from NO-He are cold, with most products in low angular momentum states. NO-Ne leads to broader NO rotational distributions but they do not extend to the maximum possible given the energy available. In the case of NO-Ar, the distributions extend to the maximum allowed at that energy and show the unusual shapes associated with the rotational rainbow effect reported in previous studies. This is the only complex for which a rotational rainbow effect is observed at the chosen Ea values. Product angular distributions have also been measured for the NO à photodissociation product for the three complexes. NO-He produces nearly isotropic fragments, but the anisotropy parameter, β, for NO-Ne and NO-Ar photofragments shows a surprising change in sign from negative to positive as Ea increases within the unstructured excitation profile. Franck-Condon selection of a broader distribution of geometries including more linear geometries at lower excitation energies and more T-shaped geometries at higher energies can account for the changing recoil anisotropy. Two-dimensional wavepacket calculations are reported to model the rotational state distributions and the bound-continuum absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Holmes-Ross
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Rebecca J Valenti
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Hua-Gen Yu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Gregory E Hall
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Warren D Lawrance
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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10
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Ershova OV, Kłos J, Besley NA, Wright TG. Interaction of the NO 3pπ (C (2)Π) Rydberg state with RG (RG = Ne, Kr, and Xe): potential energy surfaces and spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:034311. [PMID: 25612713 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present new potential energy surfaces for the interaction of NO(C (2)Π) with each of Ne, Kr, and Xe. The potential energy surfaces have been calculated using second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, exploiting a procedure to converge the reference Hartree-Fock wavefunction for the excited states: the maximum overlap method. The bound rovibrational states obtained from the surfaces are used to simulate the electronic spectra and their appearance is in good agreement with available (2+1) REMPI spectra. We discuss the assignment and appearance of these spectra, comparing to that of NO-Ar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Ershova
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-2021, USA
| | - Nicholas A Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy G Wright
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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11
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Warehime M, Johnson ER, Kłos J. New XDM-corrected potential energy surfaces for Ar–NO(X2Π): A comparison with CCSD(T) calculations and experiments. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Warehime
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Erin R. Johnson
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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12
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Briggs EA, Besley NA. Modelling excited states of weakly bound complexes with density functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14455-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55361b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different dispersion correction parameters are required to describe the interaction when the molecule is in an excited Rydberg state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Briggs
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School of Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- University Park
- Nottingham, UK
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13
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Meyer H, Kłos J, Alexander MH. Near-IR spectrum of NO(X2Π)-Xe: a joint experimental-theoretical investigation. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11906-14. [PMID: 23731187 DOI: 10.1021/jp4031267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Employing the method of constant photon energy sum (CONPHOENERS) scans, we measure the near-IR spectrum of NO-Xe in the region of the first vibrational overtone of the NO monomer. Three bands are detected, which are assigned as the origin band located at 3722.60 cm(-1) and as bands with excitation of one quantum of z-axis rotation (3726.07 cm(-1)) and one quantum of bending vibration (3739.02 cm(-1)), respectively. The partially resolved rotational and electronic fine structures of the bands are analyzed with the help of a full quantum mechanical bound-state calculation using the ab initio potential energy surfaces of Kłos et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2012, 137, 014312/1-014312/14). We perform a linear least-squares fit to the calculated energy levels to determine a set of spectroscopic constants that describe not only the overall rotation of the complex but also the electrostatic splitting due to the sum potential and the P-type doubling due to the difference potential. Using these results as guidance, we are able to simulate the experimental spectra. The comparison with the results from the theoretical treatment confirms the high quality of the ab initio treatment. The position of the excited bands is predicted with sub-wavenumber accuracy. Also, the rotational constants for all bands are found within less than 5%. Some differences are found for the amount of P-type doubling, which is overestimated by the theoretical treatment. Constants for the electrostatic splitting are in reasonable agreement for the origin band. Larger deviations are found for the vibrationally excited band, which points toward some inaccuracies in the potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602-2451, United States
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14
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Ershova OV, Kłos J, Harris JP, Gardner AM, Tamé-Reyes VM, Andrejeva A, Alexander MH, Besley NA, Wright TG. Interaction of the NO 3 pπ Rydberg state with Ar: Potential energy surfaces and spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:214313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4808027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Cybulski H, Fernández B. Ab Initio Ground- and Excited-State Intermolecular Potential Energy Surfaces for the NO–Ne and NO–Ar van der Waals Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7319-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Cybulski
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center
for Research
in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Berta Fernández
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Center
for Research
in Biological Chemistry and Molecular Materials (CIQUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
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16
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Ershova OV, Besley NA. Can density functional theory describe the NO(X2Π)-Ar and NO(A2Σ+)-Ar van der Waals complexes? J Chem Phys 2012; 136:244313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4730302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Meyer H. The Ã-state dissociation continuum of NO-Ar and its near infrared spectrum. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:204308. [PMID: 22667561 DOI: 10.1063/1.4722885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
After preparing NO-Ar in a vibrational state correlating with the first overtone vibration in NO, we recorded its hot band UV spectrum by monitoring simultaneously the intensity in the NO(+) and the NO(+)-Ar ion channels. In this way, the bound as well as the continuous part of the electronic Ã←X̃ spectrum are observed directly. Below the dissociation threshold, the intensity is found exclusively in the NO(+)-Ar ion channel while above it is found in the NO fragment ion channel. We observe simultaneously intensity in both ion channels only for a very narrow frequency range near the dissociation threshold. Structures in the dissociation spectrum correlate well with the thresholds for production of NO(A) in different rotational states. At frequencies well above the dissociation threshold, NO-Ar is detected efficiently as a NO fragment. This fact has been exploited to record the near IR spectrum of NO-Ar with significantly increased sensitivity. The dissociation detected spectra are essentially identical to our previous constant photon energy sum (CONPHOENERS) scans [B. Wen, Y. Kim, H. Meyer, J. Kłos, and M. H. Alexander, J. Phys. Chem. A 112, 9483 (2008)]. Several hot band spectra have been remeasured with improved sensitivity enabling a comprehensive analysis yielding for the first time spectroscopic constants for levels associated with the potential surfaces of NO-Ar correlating with NO(v(NO) = 0 and 2). Since many NO-X complexes do not have a strong bound Ã-state spectrum, although they do have a Ã-state dissociation continuum, there is the possibility to record their near IR spectra by employing dissociation detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meyer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2451, USA
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18
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Hopkins WS, Lipciuc ML, Gardiner SH, Vallance C. RG+ formation following photolysis of NO–RG via the ÖX̃ transition: A velocity map imaging study. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:034308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3610415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Holmes-Ross HL, Lawrance WD. The binding energies of NO–Rg (Rg = He, Ne, Ar) determined by velocity map imaging. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:014302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3601924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Holmes-Ross HL, Lawrance WD. The dissociation of NO-Ar(A) from around threshold to 200 cm(-1) above threshold. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:014304. [PMID: 20614966 DOI: 10.1063/1.3458911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report an investigation of the dissociation of A state NO-Ar at energies from 23 cm(-1) below the dissociation energy to 200 cm(-1) above. The NO product rotational distributions show population in states that are not accessible with the energy available for excitation from the NO ground state. This effect is observed at photon energies from below the dissociation energy up to approximately 100 cm(-1) above it. Translational energy distributions, extracted from velocity map images of individual rotational levels of the NO product, reveal contributions from excitation of high energy NO-Ar X states at all the excess energies probed, although this diminishes with increasing photon energy and is quite small at 200 cm(-1), the highest energy studied. These translational energy distributions show that there are contributions arising from population in vibrational levels up to the X state dissociation energy. We propose that the reason such sparsely populated levels contribute to the observed dissociation is a considerable increase in the transition moment, via the Franck-Condon factor associated with these highly excited states, which arises because of the quite different geometries in the NO-Ar X and A states. This effect is likely to arise in other systems with similarly large geometry changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Holmes-Ross
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, G.P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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21
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Castro-Palacio JC, Ishii K, Ayala-Mató F, Rubayo-Soneira J, Yamashita K. Argon Solid Response upon Rydberg Photoexcitation of the NO Chromosphore: Case of Using ab Initio Potential Energy Surfaces and Comparison to Similar Studied Systems. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9673-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jp101181v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Castro-Palacio
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Pinar del Río. Martí 270, Esq. 27 de Noviembre, Pinar del Río 20100, Cuba
| | - Keisaku Ishii
- Department of Chemical System Engineering. Graduate School of Engineering. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Fernando Ayala-Mató
- Departamento de Física General y Matemáticas. Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Quinta de los Molinos, Ave. Carlos III y Luaces, Plaza, C. Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Jesús Rubayo-Soneira
- Departamento de Física General y Matemáticas. Instituto Superior de Tecnologías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Quinta de los Molinos, Ave. Carlos III y Luaces, Plaza, C. Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering. Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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22
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Sumiyoshi Y, Endo Y. Intermolecular Potential Energy Surface between Ne and NO (2Πr). J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:4798-804. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909389q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sumiyoshi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yasuki Endo
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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23
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Castro-Palacio JC, Ishii K, Rubayo-Soneira J, Yamashita K. An ab initio study of the Ar–NO(A Σ2+) intermolecular potential. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:044506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3185347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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24
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Roeterdink WG, Strecker KE, Hayden CC, Janssen MHM, Chandler DW. Imaging the rotationally state-selected NO(A,n) product from the predissociation of the A state of the NO–Ar van der Waals cluster. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:134305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3078773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Kłos J, Alexander MH, Hernández-Lamoneda R, Wright TG. Interaction of NO(A Σ2+) with rare gas atoms: Potential energy surfaces and spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:244303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Holmes-Ross HL, Lawrance WD. Anomalous behaviour in NO–Ar (Ã) photodissociation near threshold: A significant contribution from thermally populated states. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Sumiyoshi Y, Endo Y. Intermolecular potential energy surface of Ar–NO. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:184309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2798760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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28
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Castro Palacio JC, Velazquez Abad L, Lombardi A, Aquilanti V, Rubayo Soneíra J. Normal and hyperspherical mode analysis of NO-doped Kr crystals upon Rydberg excitation of the impurity. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:174701. [PMID: 17492873 DOI: 10.1063/1.2730786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations and both normal mode and hyperspherical mode analyses of NO-doped Kr solid are carried out in order to get insights into the structural relaxation of the medium upon electronic excitation of the NO molecule. A combined study is reported on the time evolution of the cage radius and on the density of vibrational states, according to the hyperspherical and normal mode analyses. For the hyperspherical modes, hyper-radial and grand angular contributions are considered. For the normal modes, radial and tangential contributions are examined. Results show that the first shell radius dynamics is driven by modes with frequencies at approximately 47 and approximately 15 cm-1. The first one is related to the ultrafast regime where a large part of the energy is transmitted to the lattice and the second one to relaxation and slow redistribution of the energy. The density of vibrational states gamma(omega) is characterized by a broad distribution of bands peaking around the frequencies of approximately 13, approximately 19, approximately 25, approximately 31, approximately 37, approximately 47, and approximately 103 cm-1 (very small band). The dominant modes in the relaxation process were at 14.89, 23.49, and 53.78 cm-1; they present the largest amplitudes and the greatest energy contributions. The mode at 14.89 cm-1 is present in both the fit of the first shell radius and in the hyper-radial kinetic energy spectrum and resulted the one with the largest amplitude, although could not be revealed by the total kinetic energy power spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Castro Palacio
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Pinar del Río, Martí 270, Esquina 27 de Noviembre, Pinar del Río 20100, Cuba.
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29
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Castro-Palacios JC, Rubayo-Soneira J, Ishii K, Yamashita K. Ab initio ground and excited state potential energy surfaces for NO-Kr complex and dynamics of Kr solids with NO impurity. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:134315. [PMID: 17430040 DOI: 10.1063/1.2715947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermolecular potentials for the NO(X 2Pi)-Kr and NO(A 2Sigma+)-Kr systems have been calculated using highly accurate ab initio calculations. The spin-restricted coupled cluster method for the ground 1 2A' state [NO(X 2Pi)-Kr] and the multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction method for the excited 2 2A' state [NO(A 2Sigma+)-Kr], respectively, were used. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) show two linear wells and one that is almost in the perpendicular position. An analytical representation of the PESs has been constructed for the triatomic systems and used to carry out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the NO-doped krypton matrix response after excitation of NO. MD results are shown comparatively for three sets of potentials: (1) anisotropic ab initio potentials [NO molecule direction fixed during the dynamics and considered as a point (its center of mass)], (2) isotropic ab initio potentials (isotropic part in a Legendre polynomial expansion of the PESs), and (3) fitted Kr-NO potentials to the spectroscopic data. An important finding of this work is that the anisotropic and isotropic ab initio potentials calculated for the Kr-NO triatomic system are not suitable for describing the dynamics of structural relaxation upon Rydberg excitation of a NO impurity in the crystal. However, the isotropic ab initio potential in the ground state almost overlaps the published experimental potential, being almost independent of the angle asymmetry. This fact is also manifested in the radial distribution function around NO. However, in the case of the excited state the isotropic ab initio potential differs from the fitted potentials, which indicates that the Kr-NO interaction in the matrix is quite different because of the presence of the surrounding Kr atoms acting on the NO molecule. MD simulations for isotropic potentials reasonably reproduce the experimental observables for the femtosecond response and the bubble size but do not match spectroscopic results. A general overall view of the results suggests that, when the Kr-NO interaction takes place inside the matrix, potentials are rather symmetric and less repulsive than those for the triatomic system.
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30
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Wang SS, Kong RH, Sheng LS, Hao LQ, Zhou SK, Wang ZY. Theoretical Study of RgNO (Rg=He, Ne, Ar and Kr) Complexes. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2007. [DOI: 10.1360/cjcp2007.20(2).113.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Dissociation of the NO–CH4 van der Waals complex: Binding energy and correlated motion of the molecular fragments. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Bergeron DE, Musgrave A, Gammon RT, Ayles VL, Silber JAE, Wright TG, Wen B, Meyer H. Electronic spectroscopy of the 3d Rydberg states of NO–Rg (Rg=Ne,Ar,Kr,Xe) van der Waals complexes. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:214302. [PMID: 16774402 DOI: 10.1063/1.2198200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have employed (2+1) resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy to record electronic absorption spectra of NO-Rg (Rg=Ne,Ar,Kr) van der Waals complexes. The nitric oxide molecule is the chromophore, and the excitation corresponds to an electron being promoted from the 2ppi* orbital to 3dsigma, 3dpi, and 3ddelta Rydberg states. We review the ordering of the 3dlambda states of NO and use this as a basis for discussing the 3d components in the NO-Rg complexes, in terms of the interactions between the Rydberg electron, the core, and the Rg atom. Predissociation of the H' 2Pi state occurs through the F2Delta state for NO-Ar and NO-Kr, and this will be considered. We shall also outline problems encountered when trying to record similar spectra for NO-Xe, related to the presence of atomic Xe resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis E Bergeron
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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33
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Musgrave A, Bergeron DE, Wheatley RJ, Wright TG. Electronic spectroscopy of the deuterated isotopomers of the NO∙methane molecular complex. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:204305. [PMID: 16351254 DOI: 10.1063/1.2125748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular complexes formed between a nitric oxide molecule and the various deuterated isotopomers of the methane molecule have been studied in a supersonic jet expansion. The electronic spectrum arising from the transition corresponding to a 3s<--pi* excitation (approximately A (2)Sigma(+)<-- approximately X (2)Pi) located on the NO chromophore has been recorded employing resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy, with each of CH(4), CH(3)D, CH(2)D(2), CHD(3), and CD(4) as the complexing partner. Rich spectra are obtained, whose appearance changes in a systematic way as the amount of deuteration increases. Unexpectedly, it was possible to record spectra not only in the parent mass channel, but also in various fragment channels; this also led to the identification of some O atom resonances; and their origin is discussed. Discussion is presented of the structure in the spectra, and its possible sources including hindered internal rotation of the methane and NO moieties, overall rotation of the complex, and tunneling. In addition, some guidance has been gleaned from ab initio calculations, and these are discussed in the light of the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Musgrave
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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34
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35
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Parsons BF, Chandler DW, Sklute EC, Li SL, Wade EA. Photodissociation Dynamics of ArNO Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047433z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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37
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38
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Naumkin FY, Mccourt FRW. Ab initio-based PES extrapolated using transferable atom–atom potentials, and predicted MW spectrum of the Ar–O2(X3Σg−) complex. Mol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970310001637944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Tsuji K, Arakawa N, Kawai A, Shibuya K. Spectroscopy and Predissociation of Acetylene in the np Gerade Rydberg States. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp015508i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Naoko Arakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Akio Kawai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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40
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Daire SE, Lozeille J, Gamblin SD, Lee EP, Wright TG. (1+1) REMPI spectroscopy and high-level ab initio study of the complex formed between NO and CO. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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41
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Jimenez S, Chergui M, Rojas-Lorenzo G, Rubayo-Soneira J. The medium response to an impulsive redistribution of charge in solid argon: Molecular dynamics simulations and normal mode analysis. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1352077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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42
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Monti O, Cruse H, Softley T, Mackenzie S. High resolution photoionisation spectroscopy of vibrationally excited Ar·NO. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)01359-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Lozeille J, Daire SE, Gamblin SD, Wright TG, Lee EPF. The Ã←X̃(1+1)REMPI spectrum and high-level ab initio calculations of the complex between NO and N2. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1326068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Fujii A, Kitamura Y, Mikami N. Vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg clusters: Spectroscopy and dynamics of pyrazine–Ar and –Xe clusters. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1315359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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45
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Lozeille J, Gamblin SD, Daire SE, Wright TG, Smith DM. The à 2Σ+ state of Ar⋅NO. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1312269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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46
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Further investigations of the Ã←X̃ transition of the Kr·NO and Xe·NO complexes using (1+1) REMPI spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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47
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Kim Y, Fleniken J, Meyer H, Alexander MH, Dagdigian PJ. A joint theoretical–experimental investigation of the lower bound states of the NO(X 2Π)–Ar complex. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Jeannin C, Portella-Oberli MT, Jimenez S, Vigliotti F, Lang B, Chergui M. Femtosecond dynamics of electronic `bubbles' in solid argon: viewing the inertial response and the bath coherences. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Alexander MH. A new, fully ab initio investigation of the ArNO(X 2Π) system. II. Bound states of the Ar–NO complex. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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50
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