1
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Hatch HW, Shen VK, Corti DS. Theory and Monte Carlo simulation of the ideal gas with shell particles in the canonical, isothermal-isobaric, grand canonical, and Gibbs ensembles. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:084106. [PMID: 39171706 DOI: 10.1063/5.0224305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Theories of small systems play an important role in the fundamental understanding of finite size effects in statistical mechanics, as well as the validation of molecular simulation results as no computer can simulate fluids in the thermodynamic limit. Previously, a shell particle was included in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble in order to resolve an ambiguity in the resulting partition function. The shell particle removed either redundant volume states or redundant translational degrees of freedom of the system and yielded quantitative differences from traditional simulations in this ensemble. In this work, we investigate the effect of including a shell particle in the canonical, grand canonical, and Gibbs ensembles. For systems comprised of a pure component ideal gas, analytical expressions for various thermodynamic properties are obtained. We also derive the Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation acceptance criteria for these ensembles with shell particles, and the results of the simulations of an ideal gas are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. The system size dependence of various important ensemble averages is also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W Hatch
- Chemical Informatics Research Group, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8380, USA
| | - Vincent K Shen
- Chemical Informatics Research Group, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8380, USA
| | - David S Corti
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2100, USA
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2
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Härtel A, Bültmann M, Coupette F. Anomalous Underscreening in the Restricted Primitive Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:108202. [PMID: 36962045 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.108202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Underscreening is a collective term for charge correlations in electrolytes decaying slower than the Debye length. Anomalous underscreening refers to phenomenology that cannot be attributed alone to steric interactions. Experiments with concentrated electrolytes and ionic fluids report anomalous underscreening, which so far has not been observed in simulation. We present Molecular Dynamics simulation results exhibiting anomalous underscreening that can be connected to cluster formation. A theory that accounts for ion pairing confirms the trend. Our results challenge the classic understanding of dense electrolytes impacting the design of technologies for energy storage and conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Härtel
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Bültmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Coupette
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Agrawal NR, Wang R. Self-Consistent Description of Vapor-Liquid Interface in Ionic Fluids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:228001. [PMID: 36493445 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.228001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inhomogeneity of ion correlation widely exists in many physicochemical, soft matter, and biological systems. Here, we apply the modified Gaussian renormalized fluctuation theory to study the classic example of the vapor-liquid interface of ionic fluids. The ion correlation is decomposed into a short-range contribution associated with the local electrostatic environment and a long-range contribution accounting for the spatially varying ionic strength and dielectric permittivity. For symmetric salt, both the coexistence curve and the interfacial tension predicted by our theory are in quantitative agreement with simulation data reported in the literature. Furthermore, we provide the first theoretical prediction of interfacial structure for asymmetric salt, highlighting the importance of capturing local charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil R Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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4
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Durelle M, Charton S, Gobeaux F, Chevallard C, Belloni L, Testard F, Trépout S, Carriere D. Coexistence of Transient Liquid Droplets and Amorphous Solid Particles in Nonclassical Crystallization of Cerium Oxalate. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8502-8508. [PMID: 36066503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization from solution often occurs via "nonclassical" routes; that is, it involves transient, non-crystalline states like reactant-rich liquid droplets and amorphous particles. However, in mineral crystals, the well-defined thermodynamic character of liquid droplets and whether they convert─or not─into amorphous phases have remained unassessed. Here, by combining cryo-transmission electron microscopy and X-ray scattering down to a 250 ms reaction time, we unveil that crystallization of cerium oxalate involves a metastable chemical equilibrium between transient liquid droplets and solid amorphous particles: contrary to the usual expectation, reactant-rich droplets do not evolve into amorphous solids. Instead, at concentrations above 2.5 to 10 mmol L-1, both amorphous and reactant-rich liquid phases coexist for several tens of seconds and their molar fractions remain constant and follow the lever rule in a multicomponent phase diagram. Such a metastable chemical equilibrium between solid and liquid precursors has been so far overlooked in multistep nucleation theories and highlights the interest of rationalizing phase transformations using multicomponent phase diagrams not only when designing and recycling rare earths materials but also more generally when describing nonclassical crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Durelle
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ. Montpellier, 30207 Marcoule, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Charton
- CEA, DES, ISEC, DMRC, Univ. Montpellier, 30207 Marcoule, France
| | - Frédéric Gobeaux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Corinne Chevallard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Luc Belloni
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Fabienne Testard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sylvain Trépout
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMS2016, Inserm US43, Université Paris-Saclay, Multimodal Imaging Center, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - David Carriere
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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The Dukhin number as a scaling parameter for selectivity in the infinitely long nanopore limit: Extension to multivalent electrolytes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Bültmann M, Härtel A. The primitive model in classical density functional theory: beyond the standard mean-field approximation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:235101. [PMID: 35294927 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac5e7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The primitive model describes ions by point charges with an additional hard-core interaction. In classical density-functional theory (DFT) the mean-field electrostatic contribution can be obtained from the first order of a functional perturbation of the pair potential for an uncharged reference system of hard spheres. This mean-field electrostatic term particularly contributes at particle separations that are forbidden due to hard-core overlap. In this work we modify the mean-field contribution such that the pair potential is constant for distances smaller than the contact distance of the ions. We motivate our modification by the underlying splitting of the potential, which is similar to the splitting of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen potential and leads to higher-order terms in the respective expansion of the functional around the reference system. The resulting formalism involves weighted densities similar to the ones found in fundamental measure theory. To test our modifications, we analyze and compare density profiles, direct and total correlation functions, and the thermodynamic consistency of the functional via a widely established sum rule and the virial pressure formula for our modified functional, for established functionals, and for data from computer simulations. We found that our modifications clearly show improvements compared to the standard mean-field functional, especially when predicting layering effects and direct correlation functions in high concentration scenarios; for the latter we also find improved consistency when calculated via different thermodynamic routes. In conclusion, we demonstrate how modifications toward higher order corrections beyond mean-field functionals can be made and how they perform, by this providing a basis for systematic future improvements in classical DFT for the description of electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bültmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Härtel
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Forero-Martinez NC, Cortes-Huerto R, Benedetto A, Ballone P. Thermoresponsive Ionic Liquid/Water Mixtures: From Nanostructuring to Phase Separation. Molecules 2022; 27:1647. [PMID: 35268747 PMCID: PMC8912101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermodynamics, structures, and applications of thermoresponsive systems, consisting primarily of water solutions of organic salts, are reviewed. The focus is on organic salts of low melting temperatures, belonging to the ionic liquid (IL) family. The thermo-responsiveness is represented by a temperature driven transition between a homogeneous liquid state and a biphasic state, comprising an IL-rich phase and a solvent-rich phase, divided by a relatively sharp interface. Demixing occurs either with decreasing temperatures, developing from an upper critical solution temperature (UCST), or, less often, with increasing temperatures, arising from a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). In the former case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both positive, and enthalpy prevails at low T. In the latter case, the enthalpy and entropy of mixing are both negative, and entropy drives the demixing with increasing T. Experiments and computer simulations highlight the contiguity of these phase separations with the nanoscale inhomogeneity (nanostructuring), displayed by several ILs and IL solutions. Current applications in extraction, separation, and catalysis are briefly reviewed. Moreover, future applications in forward osmosis desalination, low-enthalpy thermal storage, and water harvesting from the atmosphere are discussed in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy C. Forero-Martinez
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 9, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Benedetto
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, 94568 Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.); (P.B.)
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, 94568 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Sciences, University of Roma Tre, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Ballone
- School of Physics, University College Dublin, 94568 Dublin, Ireland; (A.B.); (P.B.)
- Conway Institute for Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, 94568 Dublin, Ireland
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8
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Cats P, van Roij R. The differential capacitance as a probe for the electric double layer structure and the electrolyte bulk composition. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:104702. [PMID: 34525830 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we theoretically study the differential capacitance of an aqueous electrolyte in contact with a planar electrode, using classical density functional theory, and show how this measurable quantity can be used as a probe to better understand the structure and composition of the electric double layer at play. Specifically, we show how small trace amounts of divalent ions can influence the differential capacitance greatly and also how small ions dominate its behavior for high electrode potentials. In this study, we consider primitive model electrolytes and not only use the standard definition of the differential capacitance but also derive a new expression from mechanical equilibrium in a planar geometry. This expression reveals explicitly that the first layer of ions near the charged surface is key to its understanding. Our insights might be used as a guide in experiments to better understand the electrolyte-electrode interface as well as the (composition of the) bulk electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Cats
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
| | - René van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, Utrecht 3584 CC, The Netherlands
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9
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Cats P, Evans R, Härtel A, van Roij R. Primitive model electrolytes in the near and far field: Decay lengths from DFT and simulations. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:124504. [PMID: 33810662 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inspired by recent experimental observations of anomalously large decay lengths in concentrated electrolytes, we revisit the Restricted Primitive Model (RPM) for an aqueous electrolyte. We investigate the asymptotic decay lengths of the one-body ionic density profiles for the RPM in contact with a planar electrode using classical Density Functional Theory (DFT) and compare these with the decay lengths of the corresponding two-body correlation functions in bulk systems, obtained in previous Integral Equation Theory (IET) studies. Extensive Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to complement the DFT and IET predictions. Our DFT calculations incorporate electrostatic interactions between the ions using three different (existing) approaches: one is based on the simplest mean-field treatment of Coulomb interactions (MFC), while the other two employ the Mean Spherical Approximation (MSA). The MSAc invokes only the MSA bulk direct correlation function, whereas the MSAu also incorporates the MSA bulk internal energy. Although MSAu yields profiles that are in excellent agreement with MD simulations in the near field, in the far field, we observe that the decay lengths are consistent between IET, MSAc, and MD simulations, whereas those from MFC and MSAu deviate significantly. Using DFT, we calculated the solvation force, which relates directly to surface force experiments. We find that its decay length is neither qualitatively nor quantitatively close to the large decay lengths measured in experiments and conclude that the latter cannot be accounted for by the primitive model. The anomalously large decay lengths found in surface force measurements require an explanation that lies beyond primitive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cats
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Evans
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - A Härtel
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - R van Roij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Hatch HW, Hall SW, Errington JR, Shen VK. Improving the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations of ions using expanded grand canonical ensembles. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144109. [PMID: 31615250 PMCID: PMC7254863 DOI: 10.1063/1.5123683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While ionic liquids have promising applications as industrial solvents, predicting their fluid phase properties and coexistence remains a challenge. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation is an effective method for such predictions, but equilibration is hampered by the apparent requirement to insert and delete neutral sets of ions simultaneously in order to maintain charge neutrality. For relatively high densities and low temperatures, previously developed methods have been shown to be essential in improving equilibration by gradual insertion and deletion of these neutral sets of ions. We introduce an expanded ensemble approach which may be used in conjunction with these existing methods to further improve efficiency. Individual ions are inserted or deleted in one Monte Carlo trial rather than simultaneous insertion/deletion of neutral sets. We show how charge neutrality is maintained and show rigorous quantitative agreement between the conventional and the proposed expanded ensemble approaches, but with up to an order of magnitude increase in efficiency at high densities. The expanded ensemble approach is also more straightforward to implement than simultaneous insertion/deletion of neutral sets, and its implementation is demonstrated within open source software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold W. Hatch
- Chemical Informatics Research Group, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8380, USA
| | - Steven W. Hall
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Errington
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Vincent K. Shen
- Chemical Informatics Research Group, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8380, USA
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11
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Lytle T, Chang LW, Markiewicz N, Perry SL, Sing CE. Designing Electrostatic Interactions via Polyelectrolyte Monomer Sequence. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:709-718. [PMID: 31041391 PMCID: PMC6487445 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Charged polymers are ubiquitous in biological systems because electrostatic interactions can drive complicated structure formation and respond to environmental parameters such as ionic strength and pH. In these systems, function emerges from sophisticated molecular design; for example, intrinsically disordered proteins leverage specific sequences of monomeric charges to control the formation and function of intracellular compartments known as membraneless organelles. The role of a charged monomer sequence in dictating the strength of electrostatic interactions remains poorly understood despite extensive evidence that sequence is a powerful tool biology uses to tune soft materials. In this article, we use a combination of theory, experiment, and simulation to establish the physical principles governing sequence-driven control of electrostatic interactions. We predict how arbitrary sequences of charge give rise to drastic changes in electrostatic interactions and correspondingly phase behavior. We generalize a transfer matrix formalism that describes a phase separation phenomenon known as "complex coacervation" and provide a theoretical framework to predict the phase behavior of charge sequences. This work thus provides insights into both how charge sequence is used in biology and how it could be used to engineer properties of synthetic polymer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler
K. Lytle
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Li-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachuestts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Natalia Markiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sarah L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachuestts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Clustering in complex ionic liquids in two dimensions. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Fetisov EO, Shah MS, Knight C, Tsapatsis M, Siepmann JI. Understanding the Reactive Adsorption of H 2 S and CO 2 in Sodium-Exchanged Zeolites. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:512-518. [PMID: 29131466 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purifying sour natural gas streams containing hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide has been a long-standing environmental and economic challenge. In the presence of cation-exchanged zeolites, these two acid gases can react to form carbonyl sulfide and water (H2 S+CO2 ⇌H2 O+COS), but this reaction is rarely accounted for. In this work, we carry out reactive first-principles Monte Carlo (RxFPMC) simulations for mixtures of H2 S and CO2 in all-silica and Na-exchanged forms of zeolite beta to understand the governing principles driving the enhanced conversion. The RxFPMC simulations show that the presence of Na+ cations can change the equilibrium constant by several orders of magnitude compared to the gas phase or in all-silica beta. The shift in the reaction equilibrium is caused by very strong interactions of H2 O with Na+ that reduce the reaction enthalpy by about 20 kJ mol-1 . The simulations also demonstrate that the siting of Al atoms in the framework plays an important role. The RxFPMC method presented here is applicable to any chemical conversion in any confined environment, where strong interactions of guest molecules with the host framework and high activation energies limit the use of other computational approaches to study reaction equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii O Fetisov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Mansi S Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - Christopher Knight
- Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois, 60439, USA
| | - Michael Tsapatsis
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
| | - J Ilja Siepmann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455, USA
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14
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Härtel A. Structure of electric double layers in capacitive systems and to what extent (classical) density functional theory describes it. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:423002. [PMID: 28898203 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing scientific interest is aimed at the properties and structure of electric double layers (EDLs), which are crucial for capacitive energy storage, water treatment, and energy harvesting technologies like supercapacitors, desalination devices, blue engines, and thermocapacitive heat-to-current converters. A promising tool to describe their physics on a microscopic level is (classical) density functional theory (DFT), which can be applied in order to analyze pair correlations and charge ordering in the primitive model of charged hard spheres. This simple model captures the main properties of ionic liquids and solutions and it predicts many of the phenomena that occur in EDLs. The latter often lead to anomalous response in the differential capacitance of EDLs. This work constructively reviews the powerful theoretical framework of DFT and its recent developments regarding the description of EDLs. It explains to what extent current approaches in DFT describe structural ordering and in-plane transitions in EDLs, which occur when the corresponding electrodes are charged. Further, the review briefly summarizes the history of modeling EDLs, presents applications, and points out limitations and strengths in present theoretical approaches. It concludes that DFT as a sophisticated microscopic theory for ionic systems is expecting a challenging but promising future in both fundamental research and applications in supercapacitive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Härtel
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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15
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16
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Burgos-Mármol JJ, Solans C, Patti A. Effective short-range Coulomb correction to model the aggregation behavior of ionic surfactants. J Chem Phys 2017; 144:234904. [PMID: 27334191 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a short-range correction to the Coulomb potential to investigate the aggregation of amphiphilic molecules in aqueous solutions. The proposed modification allows to quantitatively reproduce the distribution of counterions above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) or, equivalently, the degree of ionization, α, of the micellar clusters. In particular, our theoretical framework has been applied to unveil the behavior of the cationic surfactant C24H49N2O2 (+) CH3SO4 (-), which offers a wide range of applications in the thriving and growing personal care market. A reliable and unambiguous estimation of α is essential to correctly understand many crucial features of the micellar solutions, such as their viscoelastic behavior and transport properties, in order to provide sound formulations for the above mentioned personal care solutions. We have validated our theory by performing extensive lattice Monte Carlo simulations, which show an excellent agreement with experimental observations. More specifically, our coarse-grained model is able to reproduce and predict the complex morphology of the micelles observed at equilibrium. Additionally, our simulation results disclose the existence of a transition from a monodisperse to a bidisperse size distribution of aggregates, unveiling the intriguing existence of a second CMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Javier Burgos-Mármol
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Conxita Solans
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC-CSIC) and CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/ Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandro Patti
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill, Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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17
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Moučka F, Svoboda M, Lísal M. Modelling aqueous solubility of sodium chloride in clays at thermodynamic conditions of hydraulic fracturing by molecular simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:16586-16599. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02121f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To address the high salinity of flow-back water during hydraulic fracturing, we have studied the equilibrium partitioning of NaCl and water between the bulk phase and clay pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Moučka
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i
- 165 02 Prague 6-Suchdol
- Czech Republic
- Department of Physics
| | - Martin Svoboda
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i
- 165 02 Prague 6-Suchdol
- Czech Republic
- Department of Physics
| | - Martin Lísal
- Laboratory of Aerosols Chemistry and Physics
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS, v. v. i
- 165 02 Prague 6-Suchdol
- Czech Republic
- Department of Physics
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18
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Perera A. Charge ordering and scattering pre-peaks in ionic liquids and alcohols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1062-1073. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural properties of ionic liquids and alcohols are viewed under the charge ordering process as a common basis to explain the peculiarity of their radiation scattering properties, namely the presence, or absence, of a scattering pre-peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Perera
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée (UMR CNRS 7600)
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie
- Paris cedex 05
- France
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19
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Loubet B, Manghi M, Palmeri J. A variational approach to the liquid-vapor phase transition for hardcore ions in the bulk and in nanopores. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:044107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4959034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Loubet
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Manoel Manghi
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - John Palmeri
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
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20
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Nieto-Draghi C, Fayet G, Creton B, Rozanska X, Rotureau P, de Hemptinne JC, Ungerer P, Rousseau B, Adamo C. A General Guidebook for the Theoretical Prediction of Physicochemical Properties of Chemicals for Regulatory Purposes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13093-164. [PMID: 26624238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Nieto-Draghi
- IFP Energies nouvelles , 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - Guillaume Fayet
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2 , 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Benoit Creton
- IFP Energies nouvelles , 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau, 92852 Rueil-Malmaison, France
| | - Xavier Rozanska
- Materials Design S.A.R.L. , 18, rue de Saisset, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Patricia Rotureau
- INERIS, Parc Technologique Alata, BP2 , 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | | | - Philippe Ungerer
- Materials Design S.A.R.L. , 18, rue de Saisset, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Laboratoire de Chimie-Physique, Université Paris Sud , UMR 8000 CNRS, Bât. 349, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Institut de Recherche Chimie Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Chimie Paristech , 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France , 103 Boulevard Saint Michel, F-75005 Paris, France
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21
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22
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Rane KS, Errington JR. Understanding the influence of Coulomb and dispersion interactions on the wetting behavior of ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:174706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4900771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh S. Rane
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Errington
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, USA
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23
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Freed KF. Perturbative many-body expansion for electrostatic energy and field for system of polarizable charged spherical ions in a dielectric medium. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:034115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4890077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Jiang H, Adidharma H. Study of thermodynamic properties of symmetric and asymmetric electrolyte systems in mixture with neutral components: Monte Carlo simulation results and integral equation predictions. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2014.923572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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25
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Lamperski S, Waśko M, Henderson D. Solidification of the charged hard-sphere fluid. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.773432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Liu X, Crocker JC, Sinno T. Coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations of non-equilibrium systems. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:244111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4811656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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27
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Kiyohara K, Shioyama H, Sugino T, Asaka K, Soneda Y, Imoto K, Kodama M. Phase transition in porous electrodes. III. For the case of a two component electrolyte. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:234704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4809743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Rane KS, Errington JR. Using Monte Carlo Simulation to Compute Liquid–Vapor Saturation Properties of Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:8018-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404207x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh S. Rane
- Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. Errington
- Department of Chemical
and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New
York, Buffalo, New York 14260-4200, United States
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29
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Fantoni R, Pastore G. Monte Carlo simulation of the nonadditive restricted primitive model of ionic fluids: phase diagram and clustering. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:052303. [PMID: 23767536 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.052303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an accurate Monte Carlo calculation of the phase diagram and clustering properties of the restricted primitive model with nonadditive hard-sphere diameters. At high density the positively nonadditive fluid shows more clustering than in the additive model and the negatively nonadditive fluid shows less clustering than in the additive model; at low density the reverse scenario appears. A negative nonadditivity tends to favor the formation of neutrally charged clusters starting from the dipole. A positive nonadditivity favors the pairing of like ions at high density. The critical point of the gas-liquid phase transition moves at higher temperatures and higher densities for a negative nonadditivity and at lower temperatures and lower densities for a positive nonadditivity. The law of corresponding states does not seem to hold strictly. Our results can be used to interpret recent experimental works on room temperature ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Fantoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze dei Materiali e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Calle Larga S. Marta DD2137, I-30123 Venezia, Italy.
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30
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de Graaf J, Boon N, Dijkstra M, van Roij R. Electrostatic interactions between Janus particles. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:104910. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4751482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Rai N, Maginn EJ. Critical behaviour and vapour-liquid coexistence of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ionic liquidsvia Monte Carlo simulations. Faraday Discuss 2012; 154:53-69; discussion 81-96, 465-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00090j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zwanikken JW, Jha PK, de la Cruz MO. A practical integral equation for the structure and thermodynamics of hard sphere Coulomb fluids. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:064106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3624809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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34
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Siretskiy A, Elvingson C, Vorontsov-Velyaminov P, Khan MO. Method for sampling compact configurations for semistiff polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:016702. [PMID: 21867338 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.016702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sampling of compact configurations is crucial when investigating structural properties of semistiff polymers, like proteins and DNA, using Monte Carlo methods. A sampling scheme for a continuous model based on configuration biasing is introduced, tested, and compared with conventional methods. The proposed configuration biased Monte Carlo method, used together with the Wang-Landau sampling scheme, enables us to obtain any thermodynamic property within the statistical ensemble in use. Using the proposed method, it is possible to collect statistical data of interest for a wide range of compactions (from stretched up to several toroid loops) in a single computer experiment. A second-order-like stretched-toroid phase transition is observed for a semistiff polymer, and the critical temperature is estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Siretskiy
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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35
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Coslovich D, Hansen JP, Kahl G. Ultrasoft primitive model of polyionic solutions: Structure, aggregation, and dynamics. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:244514. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3602469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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CARVALHO RJFLEOTEDE, EVANS R. The screened Coulomb (Yukawa) charged hard sphere binary fluid. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/002689797170419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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SABIR AK, BHUIYAN LB, OUTHWAITE CW. Influence of ion size and valence on classical ionic criticality. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/002689798169087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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39
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Noon DP, Orkoulas G. Simulation of phase transitions via spatial updating and tempering. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/08927021003671574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Valeriani C, Camp PJ, Zwanikken JW, van Roij R, Dijkstra M. Computer simulations of the restricted primitive model at very low temperature and density. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2010; 22:104122. [PMID: 21389456 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/10/104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The problem of successfully simulating ionic fluids at low temperature and low density states is well known in the simulation literature: using conventional methods, the system is not able to equilibrate rapidly due to the presence of strongly associated cation-anion pairs. In this paper we present a numerical method for speeding up computer simulations of the restricted primitive model (RPM) at low temperatures (around the critical temperature) and at very low densities (down to 10(-10)σ(-3), where σ is the ion diameter). Experimentally, this regime corresponds to typical concentrations of electrolytes in nonaqueous solvents. As far as we are aware, this is the first time that the RPM has been equilibrated at such extremely low concentrations. More generally, this method could be used to equilibrate other systems that form aggregates at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Valeriani
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK.
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41
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Lomba E, Weis JJ. A computational study of electrolyte adsorption in a simple model for intercalated clays. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:104705. [PMID: 20232982 DOI: 10.1063/1.3357351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A pillared interlayered clay is represented by a two-dimensional quenched charged disordered medium, in which the pillar configuration is produced by the quench of a two-dimensional electrolyte and the subsequent removal of the anions (that act as a template). The cation charge is counterbalanced by a neutralizing background that is an ideal representation of the layer's negative charge in the experimental system. In this paper we investigate the adsorption of electrolyte particles in this charged disordered medium resorting both to the use of the replica Ornstein-Zernike equation in the hypernetted chain approximation and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The theoretical approach qualitatively reproduces the simulated behavior of the adsorbed fluids. Theoretical estimates of the material porosities obtained for various types of pillar distributions are in good agreement with the simulation. We investigate the influence of the matrix on correlation functions and adsorption isotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lomba
- Instituto de Química-Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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42
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Pryamtisyn V, Ganesan V, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Liu H, Kumar SK. Modeling the anisotropic self-assembly of spherical polymer-grafted nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2010; 131:221102. [PMID: 20001014 DOI: 10.1063/1.3267729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental results demonstrated that polymer grafted nanoparticles in solvents display self-assembly behavior similar to the microphase separation of block copolymers and other amphiphiles. We present a mean-field theory and complementary computer simulations to shed light on the parametric underpinnings of the experimental observations. Our theory suggests that such self-assembled structures occur most readily when the nanoparticle size is comparable to the radius of gyration of the polymer brush chains. Much smaller particle sizes are predicted to yield uniform particle dispersions, while larger particles are expected to agglomerate due to phase separation from the solvent. Selected aspects of our theoretical predictions are corroborated by computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pryamtisyn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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43
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Kuriabova T, Betterton MD, Glaser MA. Linear aggregation and liquid-crystalline order: comparison of Monte Carlo simulation and analytic theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02355h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Mebane DS, Maier J. DC conductivity and dielectric properties in silver chloride, revisited. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:2478-87. [DOI: 10.1039/b916791a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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45
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JIANG JW, BLUM L, BERNARD O, PRAUSNITZ JM. Thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria of charged hard sphere chain model for polyelectrolyte solutions. Mol Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110043414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. JIANG
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , 29208 , USA
| | - L. BLUM
- b Department of Physics , University of Puerto Rico , P.O. Box 23343, Rio Piedras , PR , 00931 , USA
| | - O. BERNARD
- c Laboratoire Liquides Ioniques et Interfaces Chargées, Boite postale 51, Université Pierre et Marie Curie , 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 , Paris Cedex 05 , France
| | - J. M. PRAUSNITZ
- d Department of Chemical Engineering , University of California, Berkeley and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , CA , 94720 , USA
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46
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Panagiotopoulos AZ. Charge correlation effects on ionization of weak polyelectrolytes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:424113. [PMID: 21715848 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/42/424113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ionization curves of weak polyelectrolytes were obtained as a function of the charge coupling strength from Monte Carlo simulations. In contrast to many earlier studies, the present work treats counterions explicitly, thus allowing the investigation of charge correlation effects at strong couplings. For conditions representing typical weak polyelectrolytes in water near room temperature, ionization is suppressed because of interactions between nearby dissociated groups, as also seen in prior work. A novel finding here is that, for stronger couplings, relevant for non-aqueous environments in the absence of added salt, the opposite behavior is observed-ionization is enhanced relative to the behavior of the isolated groups due to ion-counterion correlation effects. The fraction of dissociated groups as a function of position along the chain also behaves non-monotonically. Dissociation is highest near the ends of the chains for aqueous polyelectrolytes and highest at the chain middle segments for non-aqueous environments. At intermediate coupling strengths, dissociable groups appear to behave in a nearly ideal fashion, even though chain dimensions still show strong expansion effects due to ionization. These findings provide physical insights on the impact of competition between acid/base chemical equilibrium and electrostatic attractions in ionizable systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Z Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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47
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Jiménez-Ángeles F, Odriozola G, Lozada-Cassou M. Stability mechanisms for plate-like nanoparticles immersed in a macroion dispersion. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:424107. [PMID: 21715842 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/42/424107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An integral equation theory and Monte Carlo simulations are applied to study a model macroion solution confined between two parallel plates immersed in a 1:1 electrolyte and the macroions' counterions. We analyze the cases in which plates are: (a) uncharged; (b) when they are like-charged to the macroions; (c) when they are oppositely charged to the macroions. For all cases a long range oscillatory behavior of the induced charge density between the plates is found (implying an overcompensation/undercompensation of the plates' charge density) and a correlation between the confined and outside fluids. The behavior of the force is discussed in terms of the macroion and ion structure inside and outside the plates. A good agreement is found between theoretical and simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Jiménez-Ángeles
- Programa de Ingeniería Molecular, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Lázaro Cárdenas 152, 07730 México, DF, Mexico
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48
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Schröer W, Vale VR. Liquid-liquid phase separation in solutions of ionic liquids: phase diagrams, corresponding state analysis and comparison with simulations of the primitive model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:424119. [PMID: 21715854 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/42/424119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phase diagrams of ionic solutions of the ionic liquid C(18)mim(+)NTF(2)(-) (1-n-octadecyl-3-methyl imidazolium bistrifluormethylsulfonylimide) in decalin, cyclohexane and methylcyclohexane are reported and compared with that of solutions of other imidazolium ionic liquids with the anions NTF(2)(-), Cl(-) and BF4(-) in arenes, CCl(4), alcohols and water. The phase diagrams are analysed presuming Ising criticality and taking into account the asymmetry of the phase diagrams. The resulting parameters are compared with simulation results for equal-sized charged hard spheres in a dielectric continuum, the restricted primitive model (RPM) and the primitive model (PM) that allows for ions of different size. In the RPM temperature scale the critical temperatures vary almost linearly with the dielectric permittivity of the solvent. The RPM critical temperatures of the solutions in non-polar solvents are very similar, somewhat below the RPM value. Correlations with the boiling temperatures of the solvents and a dependence on the length of the side chain of the imidazolium cations show that dispersion interactions modify the phase transition, which is mainly determined by Coulomb forces. Critical concentrations, widths of the phase diagrams and the slopes of the diameter are different for the solutions in protic and aprotic solvents. The phase diagrams of the solutions in alcohols and water get a lower critical solution point when represented in RPM variables.
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49
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Martín-Betancourt M, Romero-Enrique JM, Rull LF. Liquid−Vapor Coexistence in a Primitive Model for a Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:9046-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903709k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Martín-Betancourt
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Area de Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado de Correos 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José M. Romero-Enrique
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Area de Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado de Correos 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis F. Rull
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Area de Física Teórica, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado de Correos 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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50
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Almarza NG. A cluster algorithm for Monte Carlo simulation at constant pressure. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:184106. [PMID: 19449907 DOI: 10.1063/1.3133328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an efficient algorithm to sample the volume in Monte Carlo simulations in the isobaric-isothermal ensemble. The method is designed to be applied in the simulation of hard-core models at high density. The algorithm is based in the generation of clusters of particles. At the volume change step, the distances between pairs of particles belonging to the same cluster do not change. This is done by rescaling the positions of the center of mass of each cluster instead of the position of each individual particle. We have tested the performance of the algorithm by simulating fluid and solid phases of hard spheres, finding that in both cases the algorithm is much more efficient than the standard procedure. Moreover, the efficiency of the method measured in terms of correlation "time" does not depend on the system size in contrast with the standard method, in which the sampling becomes rapidly inefficient as the system size increases. We have used the procedure to compute with high precision the equation of state of the face-centered-cubic phase of the hard sphere system for different system sizes. Using these results we have estimated the equation of state at the thermodynamic limit. The results are compared to different equations of state proposed in literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G Almarza
- Instituto de Quimica-Fisica Rocasolano (CSIC), C/Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain.
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