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Craciunescu L, Liane EM, Kirrander A, Paterson MJ. Excited-state van der Waals potential energy surfaces for the NO A2Σ+ + CO2X1Σg+ collision complex. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:124303. [PMID: 38127380 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited state van der Waals (vdW) potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the NO A2Σ+ + CO2X1Σg+ system are thoroughly investigated using coupled cluster theory and complete active space perturbation theory to second order (CASPT2). First, it is shown that pair natural orbital coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples yields comparable accuracy compared to CCSD(T) for molecular properties and vdW-minima at a fraction of computational cost of the latter. Using this method in conjunction with highly diffuse basis sets and counterpoise correction for basis set superposition error, the PESs for different intermolecular orientations are investigated. These show numerous vdW-wells, interconnected for all geometries except one, with a maximum depth of up to 830 cm-1; considerably deeper than those on the ground state surface. Multi-reference effects are investigated with CASPT2 calculations. The long-range vdW-surfaces support recent experimental observations relating to rotational energy transfer due the anisotropy in the potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Craciunescu
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Eirik M Liane
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Kirrander
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QZ Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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2
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Guardado JL, Hood DJ, Luong K, Kidwell NM, Petit AS. Stereodynamic Control of Collision-Induced Nonadiabatic Dynamics of NO ( A2Σ +) with H 2, N 2, and CO: Intermolecular Interactions Drive Collision Outcomes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8803-8815. [PMID: 34606268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions, stereodynamics, and coupled potential energy surfaces (PESs) all play a significant role in determining the outcomes of molecular collisions. A detailed knowledge of such processes is often essential for a proper interpretation of spectroscopic observations. For example, nitric oxide (NO), an important radical in combustion and atmospheric chemistry, is commonly quantified using laser-induced fluorescence on the A2Σ+ ← X2Π transition band. However, the electronic quenching of NO (A2Σ+) with other molecular species provides alternative nonradiative pathways that compete with fluorescence. While the cross sections and rate constants of NO (A2Σ+) electronic quenching have been experimentally measured for a number of important molecular collision partners, the underlying photochemical mechanisms responsible for the electronic quenching are not well understood. In this paper, we describe the development of high-quality PESs that provide new physical insights into the intermolecular interactions and conical intersections that facilitate the branching between the electronic quenching and scattering of NO (A2Σ+) with H2, N2, and CO. The PESs are calculated at the EOM-EA-CCSD/d-aug-cc-pVTZ//EOM-EA-CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory, an approach that ensures a balanced treatment of the valence and Rydberg electronic states and an accurate description of the open-shell character of NO. Our PESs show that H2 is incapable of electronically quenching NO (A2Σ+) at low collision energies; instead, the two molecules will likely undergo scattering. The PESs of NO (A2Σ+) with N2 and CO are highly anisotropic and demonstrate evidence of electron transfer from NO (A2Σ+) into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the collision partner, that is, the harpoon mechanism. In the case of ON + CO, the PES becomes strongly attractive at longer intermolecular distances and funnels population to a conical intersection between NO (A2Σ+) + CO and NO (X2Π) + CO. In contrast, for ON + N2, the conical intersection is preceded by an ∼0.40 eV barrier. Overall, our work shines new light into the impact of coupled PESs on the nonadiabatic dynamics of open-shell systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Guardado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - David J Hood
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Kate Luong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
| | - Nathanael M Kidwell
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, United States
| | - Andrew S Petit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University-Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92834-6866, United States
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3
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Fletcher JD, Lanfri L, Ritchie GAD, Hancock G, Islam M, Richmond G. Time-resolved observations of vibrationally excited NO X 2Π ( v') formed from collisional quenching of NO A 2Σ + ( v = 0) by NO X 2Π: evidence for the participation of the NO a 4Π state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:20478-20488. [PMID: 34498634 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03360c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved observations have been made of the formation of vibrationally excited NO X 2Π (v') following collisional quenching of NO A 2Σ+ (v = 0) by NO X 2Π (v = 0). Two time scales are observed, namely a fast production rate consistent with direct formation from the quenching of the electronically excited NO A state, together with a slow component, the magnitude and rate of formation of which depend upon NO pressure. A reservoir state formed by quenching of NO A 2Σ+ (v = 0) is invoked to explain the observations, and the available evidence points to this state being the first electronically excited state of NO, a 4Π. The rate constant for quenching of the a 4Π state to levels v' = 11-16 by NO is measured as (8.80 ± 1.1) × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K where the error quoted is two standard deviations, and from measurements of the increased formation of high vibrational levels of NO(X) by the slow process we estimate a lower limit for the fraction of self-quenching collisions of NO A 2Σ+ (v = 0) which lead to NO a 4Π as 19%.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Fletcher
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Lucia Lanfri
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, INFIQC CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Grant A D Ritchie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Gus Hancock
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Meez Islam
- School of Science and Engineering, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BA, UK
| | - Graham Richmond
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
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4
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Blackshaw KJ, Quartey NK, Korb RT, Hood DJ, Hettwer CD, Kidwell NM. Imaging the nonreactive collisional quenching dynamics of NO (A 2Σ +) radicals with O 2 (X 3Σ g -). J Chem Phys 2019; 151:104304. [PMID: 31521090 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) radicals are ubiquitous chemical intermediates present in the atmosphere and in combustion processes, where laser-induced fluorescence is extensively used on the NO (A2Σ+ ← X2Π) band to report on fuel-burning properties. However, accurate fluorescence quantum yields and NO concentration measurements are impeded by electronic quenching of NO (A2Σ+) to NO (X2Π) with colliding atomic and molecular species. To improve predictive combustion models and develop a molecular-level understanding of NO (A2Σ+) quenching, we report the velocity map ion images and product state distributions of NO (X2Π, v″ = 0, J″, Fn, Λ) following nonreactive collisional quenching of NO (A2Σ+) with molecular oxygen, O2 (X3Σg -). A novel dual-flow pulse valve nozzle is constructed and implemented to carry out the NO (A2Σ+) electronic quenching studies and to limit NO2 formation. The isotropic ion images reveal that the NO-O2 system evolves through a long-lived NO3 collision complex prior to formation of products. Furthermore, the corresponding total kinetic energy release distributions support that O2 collision coproducts are formed primarily in the c1Σu - electronic state with NO (X2Π, v″ = 0, J″, Fn, Λ). The product state distributions also indicate that NO (X2Π) is generated with a propensity to occupy the Π(A″) Λ-doublet state, which is consistent with the NO π* orbital aligned perpendicular to nuclear rotation. The deviations between experimental results and statistical phase space theory simulations illustrate the key role that the conical intersection plays in the quenching dynamics to funnel population to product rovibronic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jacob Blackshaw
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - Naa-Kwarley Quartey
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - Robert T Korb
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - David J Hood
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - Christian D Hettwer
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - Nathanael M Kidwell
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
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5
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Winner JD, West NA, McIlvoy MH, Buen ZD, Bowersox RD, North SW. The role of near resonance electronic energy transfer on the collisional quenching of NO (A2Σ+) by C6H6 and C6F6 at low temperature. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Few J, Fletcher JD, Hancock G, Redmond JL, Ritchie GAD. An FTIR emission study of the products of NO A 2Σ + (v = 0, 1) + O 2 collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11289-11298. [PMID: 28418047 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00904f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collisional quenching of NO A2Σ+ (v = 0, 1) by O2 has been studied through the detection of vibrationally excited products by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy. Non-reactive quenching of NO A2Σ+ (v = 0) produces a vibrational distribution in NO X2Π which has been quantified for v = 2-22, and is found to be bimodal. The results are consistent with two quenching channels. The first forms the ground X3Σ or low-lying a 1Δg electronic state of O2 with a distribution including high vibrational levels of NO X2Π which is slightly hotter than statistical. Two possibilities are identified for the second channel. The first, with a similar quantum yield to that producing higher vibrational levels, forms a highly electronically excited state, such as O2 c1Σ, with low vibrational levels in NO X2Π which are inverted with a distribution resembling that resulting from a sudden or harpoon mechanism. The second is that ground state oxygen is formed with low vibrational energy partitioned into NO X2Π. In addition, vibrationally excited NO2 is observed, but at intensities which indicate that it is formed in low quantum yield. Quantitatively unobservable processes (defined as those which do not form ground state NO (v ≥ 2)) are found to have a branching ratio of at most 25 ± 5%. The results are compared with those of previous studies and the most consistent interpretation suggests that dissociation of O2 to form ground state O(3P) atoms and ground vibrational state NO X2Π (v = 0) is the main reactive process rather than NO2 formation. Qualitatively similar results are seen for the quenching of NO A2Σ+ (v = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Few
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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7
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Kopp MM, Mathieu O, Petersen EL. Rate Determination of the CO2
* Chemiluminescence Reaction CO + O + M ⇄ CO2
* + M. INT J CHEM KINET 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine M. Kopp
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843
| | - Olivier Mathieu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843
| | - Eric L. Petersen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843
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8
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Sánchez-González R, Eveland WD, West NA, Mai CLN, Bowersox RDW, North SW. Low-temperature collisional quenching of NO A2Σ+(v′ = 0) by NO(X2Π) and O2 between 34 and 109 K. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:074313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4892980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sánchez-González
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3012 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - W. D. Eveland
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3012 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N. A. West
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3012 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - C. L. N. Mai
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3141 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R. D. W. Bowersox
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3141 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S. W. North
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3012 TAMU, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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9
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Few J, Hancock G. Rate constants for collisional quenching of NO (A(2)Σ(+), v = 0) by He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe, and infrared emission accompanying rare gas and impurity quenching. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:11047-53. [PMID: 24777304 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00740a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The quenching rates of NO (A(2)Σ(+), v = 0) with He, Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe have been studied at room temperature by measurements of the time dependence of the fluorescence decay following laser excitation. The rates are slow, with upper limits of rate constants determined as between 1.2 and 2.0 × 10(-14) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), considerably lower than those reported before in the literature. Such slow rates can be markedly influenced by impurities such as O2 and H2O which have quenching rate constants close to gas kinetic values. Time resolved Fourier transform infrared emission has been used to observe the products of the quenching processes with the rare gases and with impurities. For He, Ne Ar and Kr there is no difference within experimental error of the populations in NO (X(2)Π v ≥ 2) produced with and without rare gas present, but the low quantum yields of such quenching (of the order of 5% for an atmosphere of rare gas) preclude quantitative information on the quantum states being obtained. For quenching by Xe the collisional formation of electronically excited Xe atoms dominates the emission at early times. Vibrationally excited NO (X(2)Π, v) and products of reactive quenching are observed in the presence of O2 and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Few
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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10
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Burgos Paci MA, Few J, Gowrie S, Hancock G. Products of the quenching of NO A 2Σ+ (v = 0) by N2O and CO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:2554-64. [PMID: 23296078 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43878j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Collisional quenching of NO A (2)Σ(+) (v = 0) by N(2)O and CO(2) has been studied through measurements of vibrationally excited products by time resolved Fourier transform infrared emission. In both cases vibrationally excited NO X (2)Π (v) is seen and quantified in levels v≥ 2 with distributions which are close to statistical. However the quantum yields to produce these levels are markedly different for the two quenchers. For CO(2) such quenching accounts for only ca. 26% of the total: for N(2)O it is ca. 85%. Far more energy is seen in the internal modes of the CO(2) product than those of N(2)O. The results are rationalised in terms of cleavage of the N(2)-O bond being dominant in the latter case, with either a similar O atom production or a specific channel producing almost exclusively NO in low vibrational levels (v = 0,1) for quenching by CO(2). Minor reactive channels yielding NO(2) are seen in both cases, and O((1)D) is observed with low quantum yield in the reaction with N(2)O. The results are discussed in terms of previous models of the quenching processes, and are consistent with the very high yield of NO X (2)Π (v = 0) previously observed by laser induced fluorescence for quenching of NO A (2)Σ(+) (v = 0) by CO(2).
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11
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Zhang G, Jin Y. Photo-acoustic detection on electronic quenching rate constants of NO excited states. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2011; 78:1567-1571. [PMID: 21388865 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The electronic quenching rate constants of NO A(2)Σ (υ'=0, 1), E(2)Σ (υ'=2, 3, 4) and F(2)Δ (υ'=1, 2, 3) states by gas air are reported. The experiments were carried out by measuring the total fluorescence intensity of A(2)Σ (υ'=0, 1)→X(2)Π (υ″) transition at various air pressures. It gives the Stern-Volmer plots. The quenching rate constants of A(2)Σ (υ'=0, 1) states are obtained from the slope of Stern-Volmer plots and the known radiative lifetime. Based on the primary results of the work, we have measured the quenching rate constants of high excited E(2)Σ (υ'=2, 3, 4), F(2)Δ (υ'=1, 2, 3) states for the first time with the technique of photo-acoustic (PA) spectroscopy. It is shown that the electronic quenching rate constants of NO E (υ') and F (υ') states are in the order of 10(-10)cm(3)/molecules. They are much larger than those of A(2)Σ (υ') state, whose rate constants are in the order of 10(-13)cm(3)/molecules. For E (υ') and F (υ') states, it is also found that the quenching rate constants increase with the vibrational energy levels. Similar result has been reported also for A(2)Σ (υ'≥2) states in existing literatures. The agreement indicates the potential use of PA spectroscopy for measuring the electronic quenching rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyin Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China.
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12
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Settersten TB, Patterson BD, Carter CD. Collisional quenching of NO A 2Sigma+(v' = 0) between 125 and 294 K. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:204302. [PMID: 19485444 DOI: 10.1063/1.3138178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report measurements of the temperature-dependent cross sections for the quenching of fluorescence from the A (2)Sigma(+)(v(')=0) state of NO for temperatures between 125 and 294 K. Thermally averaged cross sections were measured for quenching by NO(X (2)Pi), N(2), O(2), and CO in a cryogenically cooled gas flow cell. Picosecond laser-induced fluorescence was time resolved, and the thermally averaged quenching cross sections were determined from the dependence of the fluorescence decay rate on the quencher-gas pressure. These measurements extend to lower temperature the range of previously published results for NO and O(2) and constitute the first reported measurements of the N(2) and CO cross sections for temperatures below 294 K. Between 125 and 294 K, a negative temperature dependence is observed for quenching by NO, O(2), and CO, implicating collision-complex formation in all three cases. Over the same temperature range, a constant, nonzero cross section is measured for quenching by N(2). Updated empirical models for the temperature dependence of the cross sections between 125 and 4500 K are recommended based on weighted least-squares fits to the current low-temperature results and previously published measurements at higher temperature. The results of over 250 measurements presented here indicate that the collisionless lifetime of NO A (2)Sigma(+)(v(')=0) is approximately 192 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Settersten
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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13
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Settersten TB, Patterson BD, Gray JA. Temperature- and species-dependent quenching of NO A 2Sigma+(v'=0) probed by two-photon laser-induced fluorescence using a picosecond laser. J Chem Phys 2007; 124:234308. [PMID: 16821919 DOI: 10.1063/1.2206783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report improved measurements of the temperature-dependent cross sections for the quenching of fluorescence from the A 2Sigma+(v'=0) state of NO. Cross sections were measured for gas temperatures ranging from 294 to 1300 K for quenching by NO(X (2)Pi), H(2)O, CO(2), O(2), CO, N(2), and C(2)H(2). The A 2Sigma+(v'=0) state was populated via two-photon excitation with a picosecond laser at 454 nm, and the decay rate of the fluorescence originating from A 2Sigma+(v'=0) was measured directly. Thermally averaged quenching cross sections were determined from the dependence of the fluorescence decay rate on the quencher gas pressure. Our measurements are compared to previous measurements and models of the quenching cross sections, and new empirical fits to the data are presented. Our new cross-section data enable predictions in excellent agreement with prior measurements of the fluorescence lifetime in an atmospheric-pressure methane-air diffusion flame. The agreement resolves discrepancies between the lifetime measurements and predictions based on the previous quenching models, primarily through improved models for the quenching by H(2)O, CO(2), and O(2) at temperatures less than 1300 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Settersten
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
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14
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Settersten TB, Patterson BD, Kronemayer H, Sick V, Schulz C, Daily JW. Branching ratios for quenching of nitric oxide A2Σ+(ν′ = 0) to X2Π(ν″ = 0). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:5328-38. [DOI: 10.1039/b608619e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Lee S, Luque J, Reppel J, Brown A, Crosley DR. Rotational energy transfer in NO (A 2Σ+,v′=0) by N2 and O2 at room temperature. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:1373-82. [PMID: 15260681 DOI: 10.1063/1.1756868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
State-to-state rotational energy transfer (RET) rate coefficients for NO (A 2Sigma+, v'=0, J=5.5, 11.5, 17.5) were measured for N2 and O2 at room temperature using a pump-probe method. The NO A 2Sigma+ state is prepared by 226 nm light and the RET is monitored by fluorescence from the D 2Sigma+ v'=0 state, following excitation by a time-delayed laser at approximately 1.1 microm. Additionally, total collisional removal and final state distributions were measured exciting in the Q1+P21 band head, to simulate an NO laser-induced fluorescence atmospheric monitoring scheme. Time-resolved modeling is used to understand relaxation mechanisms and predict relaxation times in ambient air. H2O at atmospherically relevant concentrations does not affect the degree of RET in ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonkyung Lee
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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17
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18
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Potter AB, Dribinski V, Demyanenko AV, Reisler H. Exit channel dynamics in the ultraviolet photodissociation of the NO dimer: (NO)2→NO(A 2Σ+)+NO(X 2Π). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1606442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Bessler WG, Schulz C, Lee T, Jeffries JB, Hanson RK. Strategies for laser-induced fluorescence detection of nitric oxide in high-pressure flames. III. Comparison of A-X excitation schemes. APPLIED OPTICS 2003; 42:4922-4936. [PMID: 12952340 DOI: 10.1364/ao.42.004922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) has proven a reliable technique for nitric oxide (NO) diagnostics in practical combustion systems. However, a wide variety of different excitation and detection strategies are proposed in the literature without giving clear guidelines of which strategies to use for a particular diagnostic situation. We give a brief review of the high-pressure NO LIF diagnostics literature and compare strategies for exciting selected transitions in the A-X(0, 0), (0, 1), and (0, 2) bands using a different detection bandpass. The strategies are compared in terms of NO LIF signal strength, attenuation of laser and signal light in the hot combustion gases, signal selectivity against LIF interference from O2 and CO2, and temperature and pressure sensitivity of the LIF signal. The discussion is based on spectroscopic measurements in laminar premixed methane-air flames at pressures between 1 and 60 bars and on NO and O2 LIF spectral simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang G Bessler
- High Temperature Gasdynamics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-3032, USA
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Arusi-Parpar T, Heflinger D, Lavi R. Photodissociation followed by laser-induced fluorescence at atmospheric pressure and 24 degrees C: a unique scheme for remote detection of explosives. APPLIED OPTICS 2001; 40:6677-6681. [PMID: 18364979 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.006677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A unique scheme has been applied for sensitive remote detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapor trace amounts at atmospheric pressure and 24 degrees C. The detection concept is based on a single laser beam inducing a tandem process: photodissociation of TNT vapor followed by highly selective detection of its photofragments vibrationally excited NO, utilizing laser-induced fluorescence with the A2Sigma+(v' = 0) <-- X2Pi(v'' = 2) transition. A detection sensitivity of at least 8 parts in 10(9) of TNT vapor with a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 10 has been experimentally verified for an unfocused approximately 5-mJ laser beam, measured at a distance of approximately 15 cm from the TNT sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arusi-Parpar
- Non-Linear Optics Group, Electro-Optics Division, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne 81800, Israel
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21
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Production processes of H(D) atoms in the reactions of NO() with C2H2, C2H4, H2O, and their isotopic variants. Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(00)00184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Steffens KL, Crosley DR. Vibrational energy transfer in OH A 2Σ+ between 195 and 295 K. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Luque J, Crosley DR. Collisional Energy Transfer of NO D 2Σ+ (v‘ = 0) and A 2Σ+ (v‘ = 4) by O2, N2, Ar, and NO. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luque
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - David R. Crosley
- Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94025
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Luque J, Crosley DR. Transition probabilities and electronic transition moments of the A 2Σ+–X 2Π and D 2Σ+–X 2Π systems of nitric oxide. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Shu J, Bar I, Rosenwaks S. Dinitrobenzene detection by use of one-color laser photolysis and laser-induced fluorescence of vibrationally excited NO. APPLIED OPTICS 1999; 38:4705-4710. [PMID: 18323958 DOI: 10.1364/ao.38.004705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Trace concentrations of 1, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNB) are detected by a combination of laser photolysis and laser-induced fluorescence. A one-color laser is applied to induce DNB photodissociation and for subsequent detection of NO photofragments by excitation and emission through A(v' =0) <-- X(v" = 0 - 2) and A(v' =0) --> X(v" = 0,1) transitions, respectively. The resulting NO rovibrational excitation spectra serve as markers for the presence of DNB. The NO is produced in vibrational ground and excited states with peak height ratios of (v" = 0):(v" = 1):(v" = 2) = 1:0.5:0.13. The limits of detection of DNB mixed with 100 or 500 Torr of air with v" = 2 excitation at 248 nm are 13 and 11 parts in 10(9) by weight, respectively, for a 30-s integration time. The application of this scheme for DNB detection has the advantage that no ambient ground state NO interferes and that the fluorescence is collected at shorter wavelengths than the exciting radiation, precluding background fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shu
- Department of Physics, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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26
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Hwang ES, Lacoursière J, Copeland RA, Slanger TG. Collisional removal of NO (B 2Π, v=2 and 3) at 230 K. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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