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Schürger P, Schaupp T, Kaiser D, Engels B, Engel V. Wave packet dynamics in an harmonic potential disturbed by disorder: Entropy, uncertainty, and vibrational revivals. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schürger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaupp
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dustin Kaiser
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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2
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Röder A, Petersen J, Issler K, Fischer I, Mitrić R, Poisson L. Exploring the Excited-State Dynamics of Hydrocarbon Radicals, Biradicals, and Carbenes Using Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Field-Induced Surface Hopping Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10643-10662. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Röder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jens Petersen
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevin Issler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lionel Poisson
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Zhang Y, Deb S, Jónsson H, Weber PM. Observation of Structural Wavepacket Motion: The Umbrella Mode in Rydberg-Excited N-Methyl Morpholine. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3740-3744. [PMID: 28742348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have observed time-resolved, structural dynamics of a coherent vibrational wavepacket in Rydberg-excited N-methyl morpholine, a molecule with 48 internal degrees of freedom. The molecular structure was established by associating the time-dependent Rydberg electron binding energy, obtained from time-resolved photoionization-photoelectron spectroscopy, to the molecular structure using self-interaction corrected density functional calculations. Optical excitation at 226 nm launches an oscillatory wavepacket in the amine umbrella coordinate with a 650 fs period. Even though the Franck-Condon excitation is at an angle of 17°, the wavepacket settles into an oscillation between 4° and -10° within a fraction of a vibrational period and then dephases with a time constant of 750 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Peter M Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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Li S, Long J, Ling F, Wang Y, Song X, Zhang S, Zhang B. Real-time visualization of the vibrational wavepacket dynamics in electronically excited pyrimidine via femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:044309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyou Long
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengzi Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinli Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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He ZG, Chen ZC, Yang DY, Dai DX, Wu GR, Yang XM. A New kHz Velocity Map Ion/Electron Imaging Spectrometer for Femtosecond Time-Resolved Molecular Reaction Dynamics Studies. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/30/cjcp1702018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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6
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Röder A, Humeniuk A, Giegerich J, Fischer I, Poisson L, Mitrić R. Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of the benzyl radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12365-12374. [PMID: 28453017 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01437f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a joint experimental and computational study of the nonradiative deactivation of the benzyl radical, C7H7, after UV excitation. Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging was applied to investigate the photodynamics of the radical. The experiments were accompanied by excited state dynamics simulations using surface hopping. Benzyl has been excited at 265 nm into the D-band (ππ*) and the dynamics was probed using probe wavelengths of 398 nm or 798 nm. At a probe wavelength of 398 nm a single time constant of around 70-80 fs was observed. When the dynamics was probed at 798 nm, a second time constant τ2 = 1.5 ps was visible, which can be attributed to further non-radiative deactivation to the lower-lying D1/D2 states.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Röder
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Schmitt HC, Flock M, Welz E, Engels B, Schneider H, Radius U, Fischer I. Electronic Structure and Excited-State Dynamics of an Arduengo-Type Carbene and its Imidazolone Oxidation Product. Chemistry 2017; 23:3084-3090. [PMID: 28071828 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We describe an investigation of the excited-state dynamics of isolated 1,3-di-tert-butyl-imidazoline-2-ylidene (tBu2 Im, C11 H20 N2 , m/z=180), an Arduengo-type carbene, by time- and frequency-resolved photoionization using a picosecond laser system. The energies of several singlet and triplet excited states were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The S1 state of the carbene deactivates on a 100 ps time scale possibly by intersystem crossing. In the experiments we observed an additional signal at m/z=196, that was assigned to the oxidation product 1,3-di-tert-butyl-imidazolone, tBu2 ImO. It shows a well-resolved resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectrum with an origin located at 36951 cm-1 . Several low-lying vibrational bands could be assigned, with a lifetime that depends strongly on the excitation energy. At the origin the lifetime is longer than 3 ns, but drops to 49 ps at higher excess energies. To confirm formation of the imidazolone we also performed experiments on benzimidazolone (BzImO) for comparison. Apart from a redshift for BzImO the spectra of the two compounds are very similar. The TD-DFT values display a very good agreement with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christian Schmitt
- Institute of Physical und Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Flock
- Institute of Physical und Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Welz
- Institute of Physical und Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institute of Physical und Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Schneider
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Fischer
- Institute of Physical und Theoretical Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Kess M, Brüning C, Engel V. Multiple time scale population transfer-dynamics in coupled electronic states. Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Hemberger P, Köhler J, Fischer I, Piani G, Poisson L, Mestdagh JM. Femtosecond dynamics of cyclopropenylidene, c-C3H2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:6173-8. [PMID: 22173743 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23728h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of the B (1)B(1) state of isolated cyclopropenylidene, c-C(3)H(2), has been studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoionisation and photoelectron spectroscopy. The carbene was produced by flash pyrolysis of 3-chlorocycloprop-1-ene. The bands at 266.9 nm and 264.6 nm have been investigated. The excited state deactivates in a two step process. The first time constant of less than 50 fs corresponds most likely to a nonradiative transition to the A-state, the second one on the order of 200 fs describes the internal conversion to the electronic ground state. The data are compared to those measured for the chlorinated carbene c-C(3)HCl. In the photoelectron spectrum of c-C(3)H(2) resonances were observed which can be assigned to members of a Rydberg d-series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hemberger
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Schubert A, Engel V. Two-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy of coherent wave-packet motion. J Chem Phys 2012; 134:104304. [PMID: 21405162 DOI: 10.1063/1.3560165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically study two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopic signals obtained from femtosecond pulse interactions with diatomic molecules. The vibrational wave-packet dynamics is monitored in the signals. During the motion in anharmonic potentials the wave packets exhibit vibrational revivals and fractional revivals which are associated with particular quantum phases. The time-dependent phase changes are identified by inspection of the complex-valued 2D spectra. We use the Na(2) molecule as a numerical example and discuss various pulse sequences which yield information about vibrational level structure and phase relationships in different electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schubert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Wu G, Hockett P, Stolow A. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: from wavepackets to observables. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:18447-67. [PMID: 21947027 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp22031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) is a powerful tool for the study of intramolecular dynamics, particularly excited state non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules. Depending on the problem at hand, different levels of TRPES measurements can be performed: time-resolved photoelectron yield; time- and energy-resolved photoelectron yield; time-, energy-, and angle-resolved photoelectron yield. In this pedagogical overview, a conceptual framework for time-resolved photoionization measurements is presented, together with discussion of relevant theory for the different aspects of TRPES. Simple models are used to illustrate the theory, and key concepts are further amplified by experimental examples. These examples are chosen to show the application of TRPES to the investigation of a range of problems in the excited state dynamics of molecules: from the simplest vibrational wavepacket on a single potential energy surface; to disentangling intrinsically coupled electronic and nuclear motions; to identifying the electronic character of the intermediate states involved in non-adiabatic dynamics by angle-resolved measurements in the molecular frame, the most complete measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Wu
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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12
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BIXON M, JORTNER JOSHUA. Intramolecular coupling between non-penetrating high molecular Rydberg states. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/002689796173787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Stolow A. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: Non-adiabatic dynamics in polyatomic molecules. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235031000092448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- a Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences , National Research Council of Canada , 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa , Ontario , K1A 0R6 , Canada
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14
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Lausten R, Smirnova O, Sussman BJ, Gräfe S, Mouritzen AS, Stolow A. Time- and frequency-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy with sub-25fs laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:244310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2932101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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16
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Stolow A, Underwood JG. Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Dynamics in Polyatomic Molecules. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470259498.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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17
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Gräfe S, Kiefer W, Engel V. On the limitations of adiabatic population transfer between molecular electronic states induced by intense femtosecond laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:134306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2787586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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18
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Dai X, Leone SR. Control of wave packets in Li(2) by shaping the pump and probe pulses for a state-selected pump-probe analysis of the ionization continuum. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:014312. [PMID: 17627351 DOI: 10.1063/1.2745793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wave packet signals in Li(2) prepared by shaped pump pulses are also detected with state-selected shaped probe pulses in the ionization continuum. The results show that the final states are discrete Rydberg states instead of continuum states. Final autoionizing states in the continuum are observed and characterized. By selecting specific resonant rovibrational electronic transitions from the superposition states prepared in the wave packets to the final autoionizing states with the pulse shaping system, the modulation depths of the wave packet signals are increased by as much as 5.20+/-0.03 times. Control of the wave packets is also realized by shaping the probe pulses to select specific resonant transitions between the states in the wave packets and the highly excited Rydberg states. The detected amplitude ratio of one specific vibrational quantum beat to one specific rotational quantum beat can be decreased by ten times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcan Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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19
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Domcke W, Stock G. Theory of Ultrafast Nonadiabatic Excited-State Processes and their Spectroscopic Detection in Real Time. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141595.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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Hammond CJ, Reid KL, Ronayne KL. Observation of a simple vibrational wavepacket in a polyatomic molecule via time-resolved photoelectron velocity-map imaging: A prototype for time-resolved IVR studies. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:201102. [PMID: 16774305 DOI: 10.1063/1.2204596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have prepared a coherent superposition of the two components of a Fermi resonance in the S1 state of toluene at approximately 460 cm(-1) with a approximately 1 ps laser pulse and monitored time-resolved photoelectron velocity-map images. The photoelectron intensities oscillate with time in a manner that depends on their kinetic energy, even though full vibrational resolution in the cation is not achieved. Analysis of the time-dependent photoelectron spectra enables information on the composition of the S1 wavepacket to be deduced. Such an experiment, in which a whole set of partially dispersed cation vibrational states are detected simultaneously, suggests an efficient method of studying intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution processes in excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Hammond
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Stavros VG, Lau L, Strasser D, Leone SR. Coherent ultrafast photoelectron spectroscopy in Br2: An alternative method for measuring Δv≠0 transitions in Rydberg-to-Rydberg excitations. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:174307. [PMID: 16689571 DOI: 10.1063/1.2190218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A two-state vibrational wave packet is prepared in a low-lying 4d[12](1 or 2) Rydberg state of jet cooled Br(2) (4d, v(')=3 and v(')=4) by two-photon excitation with 266.5 nm pulses from an ultrafast laser. The wave packet is detected by autoionization following excitation with time-delayed 800 nm pulses to the n=8 (v(+)=4) and n=9 (v(+)=3) Rydberg states in the (2)Pi(12) angular momentum core state. Autoionization of each state occurs to the (2)Pi(32) state of the ion through spin-orbit ionization. Photoelectron spectroscopy is used to differentiate between the n=8 and n=9 ejected photoelectrons. Detection of the wave packet recurrences via the n=8 and n=9 Rydberg states reveals a pi phase-shift difference of the recurrences between the two final states. In each case, Delta v not equal 0 transitions are observed since wave packet recurrences are detected. By fitting the observed phase change of the recurrences with a simple model for the overlap amplitudes and assumptions about the potentials, we estimate, within the context of the model, that approximately 0.6% of the transitions may be attributed to Delta v= +/- 1 transitions between the initial Rydberg superposition state and the final Rydberg detection state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios G Stavros
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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22
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Katsuki H, Chiba H, Girard B, Meier C, Ohmori K. Visualizing Picometric Quantum Ripples of Ultrafast Wave-Packet Interference. Science 2006; 311:1589-92. [PMID: 16543456 DOI: 10.1126/science.1121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Interference fringes in vibrating molecules are a signature of quantum mechanics, but are often so short-lived and closely spaced that they elude visualization. We have experimentally visualized dynamical quantum interferences, which appear and disappear in less than 100 femtoseconds in the iodine molecule synchronously with the periodic crossing of two counterpropagating nuclear wave packets. The obtained images have picometer and femtosecond spatiotemporal resolution, representing a detailed picture of the quantum interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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23
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Neutral-to-ionic ZEKE transition dipole couplings beyond Koopmans’ picture: Application to femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Wang SM, Cong SL, Yuan KJ, Yu J. Probing wave packet dynamics of B2Π and C2Π states of NO molecule with time- and energy-resolved photoelectron spectra. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.11.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Meier C. Mixed quantum-classical treatment of vibrational decoherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:173003. [PMID: 15525072 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.173003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mixed quantum-classical method based on the Bohmian formulation of quantum mechanics [J. Chem. Phys. 113, 9369 (2000)]] is applied to study the process of vibrational decoherence of I2 in a dense helium environment. Specifically, the revival of vibrational wave packets, detectable by pump-probe spectroscopy, is a quantum phenomena which depends sensitively on the coherence between the vibrational levels excited by the pump pulse. The time-dependent pump-probe revival signal is a very sensitive way of detecting vibrational dephasing induced by an environment. The very good agreement between previous experimental signals and calculations presented in ths work confirms the theoretical approach and provides a promising basis for the prediction and interpretation of future experiments exploiting quantum revivals as a probe of decoherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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26
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Meier C, Beswick JA. Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy of I2 in a dense rare gas environment: A mixed quantum/classical study of vibrational decoherence. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:4550-8. [PMID: 15332885 DOI: 10.1063/1.1774159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of decoherence of vibrational states of I2 in a dense helium environment is studied theoretically using the mixed quantum/classical method based on the Bohmian formulation of quantum mechanics [E. Gindensperger, C. Meier, and J. A. Beswick, J. Chem. Phys. 113, 9369 (2000)]. Specifically, the revival of vibrational wave packets is a quantum phenomena which depends sensitively on the coherence between the vibrational states excited by an ultrafast laser pulse. Its detection by a pump-probe setup as a function of rare gas pressure forms a very accurate way of detecting vibrational dephasing. Vibrational revivals of I2 in high pressure rare gas environments have been observed experimentally, and the very good agreement with the simulated spectra confirms that the method can accurately describe decoherence processes of quantum systems in interaction with an environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Meier
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agregats et Reactivite, UMR 5589, IRSAMC, Universite Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
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27
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Lohmüller T, Engel V, Beswick JA, Meier C. Fractional revivals in the rovibrational motion of I2. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:10442-9. [PMID: 15268072 DOI: 10.1063/1.1711809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivated by pump-probe experiments of I(2) in a room-temperature sample, the detection of fractional revivals is investigated using full-dimensional quantum wave packet calculations. It is shown that the structures observed in the pump-probe signal depend sensitively on the probe parameters employed and that the observed signal reflects a particular phase effect between fractional revivals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lohmüller
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada.
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Abstract
There has been much progress in the control of chemical reactions since methods of active control were first proposed by Brumer & Shapiro and by Tannor & Rice ten years ago. This chapter reviews both theoretical and experimental advances in the field. Control schemes based on quantum mechanical interference between competing paths and the manipulation of wave packets with tailored laser pulses are discussed. The theory of optimal control, the limitations of control theory applied to many-body dynamics, and the effects of constraints on the trajectory of the controlled observable are presented. Experimental progress in controlling the population of specific quantum states, in manipulating the dynamics of bound wave packets, and in the control of chemical reactions are reviewed, and current problems in the field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gordon
- Department of Chemistry (m/c 111), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
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30
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Arasaki Y, Takatsuka K, Wang K, McKoy V. Studies of electron transfer in NaI with pump–probe femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1609397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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31
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Davis AV, Wester R, Bragg AE, Neumark DM. Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of the photodissociation of I2−. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1536617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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32
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Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is emerging as a useful technique for investigating excited state dynamics in isolated polyatomic molecules. The sensitivity of photoelectron spectroscopy to both electronic configurations and vibrational dynamics makes it well suited to the study of ultrafast nonadiabatic processes. We review the conceptual interpretation of wavepacket dynamics experiments, emphasizing the role of the final state. We discuss the advantages of the molecular ionization continuum as the final state in polyatomic wavepacket experiments and show how the electronic structure of the continuum can be used to disentangle electronic from vibrational dynamics. We illustrate these methods with examples from diatomic wavepacket dynamics, internal conversion in polyenes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, excited state intramolecular proton transfer, and azobenzene photoiosomerization dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
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34
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Lee SH, Tang KC, Chen IC, Schmitt M, Shaffer JP, Schultz T, Underwood JG, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Substituent Effects in Molecular Electronic Relaxation Dynamics via Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy: ππ* States in Benzenes. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Huang Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Kuo-Chun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - I-Chia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - M. Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - J. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - T. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Jonathan G. Underwood
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - M. Z. Zgierski
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Albert Stolow
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC 30043, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 10764, and Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0R6
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35
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Seideman T. Time-resolved photoelectron angular distributions: concepts, applications, and directions. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2002; 53:41-65. [PMID: 11972002 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.53.082101.130051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The use of photoelectron angular distributions (PADs) as a probe in short-pulse, pump-probe scenarios is reviewed. We focus on concepts, on the insight that can be gained through theoretical analysis, on applications, and on future opportunities. Time-resolved PADs are sensitive to both the time-evolving rotational composition of wavepackets and their time-evolving electronic symmetry. The former feature renders this observable a potential probe of molecular structure, intensity effects, and rotational perturbations. The latter feature renders the PAD a potential probe of radiationless transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Seideman
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada.
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36
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Ermoshin V, Erdmann M, Engel V. Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrences, normal modes and wave-packet revivals. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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37
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Ermoshin VA, Engel V, Kazansky AK. Phase and Energy Relaxation of Vibrational Motion and Its Manifestation in Femtosecond Pump−Probe Experiments on I2 in Rare Gas Environments. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp004408u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Ermoshin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - V. Engel
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A. K. Kazansky
- Fock Institute of Physics, The University of St. Petersburg, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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38
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Warmuth C, Tortschanoff A, Milota F, Leibscher M, Shapiro M, Prior Y, Averbukh IS, Schleich W, Jakubetz W, Kauffmann HF. Molecular quantum dynamics in a thermal system: Fractional wave packet revivals probed by random-phase fluorescence interferometry. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1369661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Arasaki Y, Takatsuka K, Wang K, McKoy V. Energy- and angle-resolved pump–probe femtosecond photoelectron spectroscopy: Molecular rotation. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1361067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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40
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Abstract
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) has become a powerful new tool in studying the dynamics of molecules and clusters. It has been applied to processes ranging from energy flow in electronically excited states of molecules to electron solvation dynamics in clusters. This review covers experimental and theoretical aspects of TRPES, focusing on studies of neutral and negatively charged species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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41
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Resch K, Blanchet V, Stolow A, Seideman T. Toward Polyatomic Wave Packet Decomposition: Final State Effects. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003666o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Resch
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Valérie Blanchet
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Albert Stolow
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Tamar Seideman
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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42
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Schick CP, Weber PM. Ultrafast Dynamics in the Three-Photon, Double-Resonance Ionization of Phenol via the S2 Electronic State. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003304g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn P. Schick
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn P. Schick
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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Schmitt M, Lochbrunner S, Shaffer JP, Larsen JJ, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Electronic continua in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. II. Corresponding ionization correlations. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1331637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Blanchet V, Zgierski MZ, Stolow A. Electronic continua in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. I. Complementary ionization correlations. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1331636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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46
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Althorpe SC, Seideman T. Predictions of rotation–vibration effects in time-resolved photoelectron angular distributions. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1315356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Ermoshin VA, Engel V, Meier C. Oscillatory pump–probe signals from delocalized wave packets. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1290699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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48
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Stavros VG, Fielding HH. Calculations of the dynamics of phase-locked vibrational wave packets in Na2+: Young’s double slit experiment in a molecule. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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49
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Arasaki Y, Takatsuka K, Wang K, McKoy V. Femtosecond energy- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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50
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Sorensen SL, Björneholm O, Hjelte I, Kihlgren T, Öhrwall G, Sundin S, Svensson S, Buil S, Descamps D, L’Huillier A, Norin J, Wahlström CG. Femtosecond pump–probe photoelectron spectroscopy of predissociative Rydberg states in acetylene. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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