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Huang TP, Chen HF, Liu MC, Chin CH, Durrant MC, Lee YY, Wu YJ. Direct infrared observation of hydrogen chloride anions in solid argon. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:114301. [PMID: 28938810 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To facilitate direct spectroscopic observation of hydrogen chloride anions (HCl-), electron bombardment of CH3Cl diluted in excess Ar during matrix deposition was used to generate this anion. Subsequent characterization were performed by IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Moreover the band intensity of HCl- decays slowly when the matrix sample is maintained in the dark for a prolonged time. High-level ab inito calculation suggested that HCl- is only weakly bound. Atom-in-molecule charge analysis indicated that both atoms of HCl- are negatively charged and the Cl atom is hypervalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ping Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chen Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Marcus C Durrant
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Yin-Yu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jong Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
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Grabowski SJ, Ugalde JM, Andrada DM, Frenking G. Comparison of Hydrogen and Gold Bonding in [XHX](-) , [XAuX](-) , and Isoelectronic [NgHNg](+) , [NgAuNg](+) (X=Halogen, Ng=Noble Gas). Chemistry 2016; 22:11317-28. [PMID: 27381200 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ levels have been carried out for the title compounds. The electronic structures were analyzed with a variety of charge and energy partitioning methods. All molecules possess linear equilibrium structures with D∞h symmetry. The total bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the strongly bonded halogen anions [XHX](-) and [XAuX](-) decrease from [FHF](-) to [IHI](-) and from [FAuF](-) to [IAuI](-) . The BDEs of the noble gas compounds [NgHNg](+) and [NgAuNg](+) become larger for the heavier atoms. The central hydrogen and gold atoms carry partial positive charges in the cations and even in the anions, except for [IAuI](-) , in which case the gold atom has a small negative charge of -0.03 e. The molecular electrostatic potentials reveal that the regions of the most positive or negative charges may not agree with the partial charges of the atoms, because the spatial distribution of the electronic charge needs to be considered. The bonding analysis with the QTAIM method suggests a significant covalent character for the hydrogen bonds to the noble gas atoms in [NgHNg](+) and to the halogen atoms in [XHX](-) . The covalent character of the bonding in the gold systems [NgAuNg](+) and [XAuX](-) is smaller than in the hydrogen compound. The energy decomposition analysis suggests that the lighter hydrogen systems possess dative bonds X(-) →H(+) ←X(-) or Ng→H(+) ←Ng while the heavier homologues exhibit electron sharing through two-electron, three-center bonds. Dative bonds X(-) →Au(+) ←X(-) and Ng→Au(+) ←Ng are also diagnosed for the lighter gold systems, but the heavier compounds possess electron-shared bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir J Grabowski
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. .,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. .,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 1, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. .,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 1, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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Sebald P, Oswald R, Botschwina P, Kawaguchi K. Rovibrational states of ClHCl− isotopologues up to high J: a joint theoretical and spectroscopic investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:6737-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Jacox ME, Thompson WE. Infrared Spectra of Products of the Reaction of H Atoms with O2 Trapped in Solid Neon: HO2, HO2+, HOHOH–, and H2O(HO). J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:9380-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310849s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn E. Jacox
- Sensor
Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
20899-8441, United States
| | - Warren E. Thompson
- Sensor
Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
20899-8441, United States
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Thompson WE, Jacox ME. The infrared spectra of the NH3-dn+ cations trapped in solid neon. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1349087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fridgen TD, Zhang XK, Parnis JM, March RE. Isomerization and Fragmentation Products of CH2Cl2 and Other Dihalomethanes in Rare-Gas Matrices: An Electron Bombardment Matrix-Isolation FTIR Spectroscopic Study. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993162u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Travis D. Fridgen
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8, and Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Xiaokui K. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8, and Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - J. Mark Parnis
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8, and Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Raymond E. March
- Department of Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada K9J 7B8, and Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Lugez CL, Jacox ME, Johnson RD. Vibrational spectra of molecular ions isolated in solid neon. XV. Infrared spectroscopic evidence for NeHF+ and HFFH+. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Lugez CL, Jacox ME, Johnson RD. Matrix isolation study of the interaction of excited neon atoms with CCl4: Infrared spectra of the ion products and of Cl2CCl⋅⋅Cl. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lugez CL, Forney D, Jacox ME, Irikura KK, Thompson WE. Infrared spectra of molecular ions derived from the hydrogen and methyl halides trapped in solid neon. J Mol Struct 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(98)00455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lugez CL, Irikura KK, Jacox ME. Experimental and ab initio study of the infrared spectra of ionic species derived from PF5, PF3, and F3PO and trapped in solid neon. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Grutter M, Freivogel P, Forney D, Maier JP. Diffusion of mass-selected carbon atoms and molecules in argon and neon matrices. J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.474245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lugez CL, Jacox ME, Thompson WE. The vibrational spectra of molecular ions isolated in solid neon. XIII. Ions derived from HBr and HI. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Jacox ME, Irikura KK, Thompson WE. Matrix isolation study of the interaction of excited neon atoms with BCl3: Infrared spectra of BCl+3, BCl+2, and BCl−3. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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