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Wang T, Yang T, Xiao C, Yang X. Vibration to Vibration: Product Energy Distribution of F + HD Crossed Molecular Beam Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3180-3185. [PMID: 38626324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the F + HD(v = 1, j = 0) → HF + D reaction using the crossed molecular beam technique combined with the D atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight spectroscopy. By detecting the products at various scattering angles for different collision energies in the range of 0.8-1.2 kcal/mol, we observed the forward-scattering products of HF(v' = 4) and determined the threshold energy for the opening of this reaction channel. Similar experiments were conducted for the F + HD(v = 0, j = 0) → HF + D reaction within the range of 1.1-1.6 kcal/mol, where forward-scattering products of HF(v' = 3) were observed, and the threshold energy for this reaction channel was determined as well. Furthermore, we measured the differential cross-sections for the F + HD → HF + D reaction in both the vibrational ground state and the excited state of HD and analyzed the vibrational quantum-state distribution of the HF products. It was found that the population of vibrational quantum states of the HF products increases synchronously with the excitation of the reactant HD vibrationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tiangang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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2
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Mondal S, Pan H, Liu K. Stretching-mode specificity in the Cl + CH 3D( v1-I, v1-II, and v4 = 1; | jK〉) reactions: dependency on the initial | jK〉 selectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:24050-24061. [PMID: 36168830 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The title reactions were studied at a collisional energy of 5.4 kcal mol-1 in a crossed-beam product-imaging experiment. The dynamics attributes of the dominant ground-state CH2D(00) and the accompanied C-D bend-excited CH2D(61) products were imaged in reactions with totally 16 ro-vibrationally selected states of the CH3D(vi, |jK〉) reagents. We found that all three vibrational excitations yielded marked |jK〉-dependent rate-enhancements in forming the (00, 0/1)s product pairs. Furthermore, for a given rotational |jK〉-mode, a vibrational-mode propensity of v4 > v1-I > v1-II in rate promotion and a clear manifestation of the Fermi-phase-induced interference effect of the latter two were observed. Compared to the reactivity of the rotationless state |jK〉 = |00〉, a minute rotational-excitation of all three stretch-excited CH3D(vi = 1) reagents could yield significantly higher reaction rates for the product pair (00, 0)s, but not so for (00, 1)s. The signals in forming the (61, 0)s pair were clearly notable but smaller than that of the ground-state reaction product pair, (00, 0)g. An opposite propensity of v1-II ≈ v1-I > v4 with a milder dependency on the initial |jK〉-states was observed. The angular distributions of the (00, 0)s pairs were nearly identical for all ro-vibrationally excited reagents, displaying the typical trait for a direct abstraction of the rebound mechanism. Similar distributions were found for the (61, 0)s pairs; yet, both pairs deviated substantially from the peripheral feature of the ground-state reaction pair of (00, 0)g. Those of the (00, 1)s pairs in reactions with v4-excitation featured a prominent forward-peaking distribution-suggestive of a time-delayed, resonance-mediated pathway, again with little dependency on the initial |jK〉-states. As for the reactions with the two Fermi-dyads, v1-I and v1-II, albeit showing globally similar distributions to that for v4, a substantial variation with the initial rotational-mode excitation could be discerned in the forward-peaking features. To unravel the impact of the Fermi-phase on the |jK〉-dependent attributes, we adopted a comparative approach by contrasting the observations in reactions with the Fermi-dyad reagents (the superposition states) to those with the pure-state reagents. Remarkable distinctions are unveiled and elucidated with the unexplained results explicitly pointed out, which call for future theoretical investigations for deeper understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohidul Mondal
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei, 10699, Taiwan.
| | - Huilin Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei, 10699, Taiwan. .,Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei, 10699, Taiwan. .,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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3
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Mondal S, Liu K. Imaging the Mode-Specificity in Cl + CH 3D( v1-I, v1-II, v4 = 1; | jK⟩ = |10⟩) → CH 2D(4 1) + HCl( v). J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2825-2831. [PMID: 35499972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a crossed-beam imaging experiment on the title reactions at two collisional energies (Ec) of 5.3 and 10 kcal mol-1. Both the integral cross sections relative to the ground-state reactivity and the differential cross sections were measured and compared. We found that one-quantum excitations of the CH3-stretching vibrations of the CH3D reagent exerted profound mode-specificity in forming the umbrella-mode-excited CH2D(41) products with the vibrational efficacy of v4 > v1-I > v1-II at both Ec values. The concomitantly formed HCl(v) coproducts were vibrationally cold. Interestingly, the branching ratios of (v = 1)/(v = 0) appeared invariant to the initial stretch-modes of excitation at Ec = 5.3 kcal mol-1, yet exhibited a pronounced mode-specific dependency in the order of v1-II > v1-I > v4 at Ec = 10.3 kcal mol-1. This large and Ec-dependent disparity between the two Fermi-coupled reagents, v1-I and v1-II, is particularly significant and could be another facet─in addition to that in the recently reported vibrational enhancement factors─of the Fermi-phase-induced interference effect manifested in the product vibrational branching ratio. The pair-correlated angular distributions (vCH2D, vHCl)s = (41, 0)s in the three stretch-excited reactions were globally alike and resembled that of the ground-state reaction pair (00, 0)g, suggestive of a direct abstraction mechanism of the peripheral type. This is in sharp contrast to all other vibrationally excited pairs of (11, 0)s, (31, 0)s, and (61, 0)s previously reported in the CH2D + HCl isotopic channel, for which both the direct abstraction and a time-delayed resonance pathway partake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohidul Mondal
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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4
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Papp D, Czakó G. Vibrational mode-specific dynamics of the F( 2P 3/2) + C 2H 6 → HF + C 2H 5 reaction. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:154302. [PMID: 34686045 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the competing effect of vibrational and translational excitation and the validity of the Polanyi rules in the early- and negative-barrier F(2P3/2) + C2H6 → HF + C2H5 reaction by performing quasi-classical dynamics simulations on a recently developed full-dimensional multi-reference analytical potential energy surface. The effect of five normal-mode excitations of ethane on the reactivity, the mechanism, and the post-reaction energy flow is followed through a wide range of collision energies. Promoting effects of vibrational excitations and interaction time, related to the slightly submerged barrier, are found to be suppressed by the early-barrier-induced translational enhancement, in contrast to the slightly late-barrier Cl + C2H6 reaction. The excess vibrational energy mostly converts into ethyl internal excitation while collision energy is transformed into product separation. The substantial reaction energy excites the HF vibration, which tends to show mode-specificity and translational energy dependence as well. With increasing collision energy, direct stripping becomes dominant over the direct rebound and indirect mechanisms, being basically independent of reactant excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Papp
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Computational Reaction Dynamics Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor Czakó
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Computational Reaction Dynamics Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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5
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Papp D, Li J, Guo H, Czakó G. Vibrational mode-specificity in the dynamics of the Cl + C 2H 6 → HCl + C 2H 5 reaction. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:114303. [PMID: 34551541 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a detailed dynamics study on the mode-specificity of the Cl + C2H6 → HCl + C2H5 H-abstraction reaction. We perform quasi-classical trajectory simulations using a recently developed high-level ab initio full-dimensional potential energy surface by exciting five different vibrational modes of ethane at four collision energies. We find that all the studied vibrational excitations, except that of the CC-stretching mode, clearly promote the title reaction, and the vibrational enhancements are consistent with the predictions of the Sudden Vector Projection (SVP) model, with the largest effect caused by the CH-stretching excitations. Intramolecular vibrational redistribution is also monitored for the differently excited ethane molecule. Our results indicate that the mechanism of the reaction changes with increasing collision energy, with no mode-specificity at high energies. The initial translational energy mostly converts into product recoil, while a significant part of the excess vibrational energy remains in the ethyl radical. An interesting competition between translational and vibrational energies is observed for the HCl vibrational distribution: the effect of exciting the low-frequency ethane modes, having small SVP values, is suppressed by translational excitation, whereas a part of the excess vibrational energy pumped into the CH-stretching modes (larger SVP values) efficiently flows into the HCl vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Papp
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Computational Reaction Dynamics Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Gábor Czakó
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Computational Reaction Dynamics Research Group, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre and Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
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6
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Pan H, Wang F, Liu K. Multifaceted Stereoselectivity in Polyatomic Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6573-6584. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Pan
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, P. R. China 518055
| | - Fengyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China 200433
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian, P. R. China 116023
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
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7
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Pan H, Liu K. Active stereo-control of the Cl + CH 4(ν 3 = 1) reaction: a three-dimensional perspective. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10949-10956. [PMID: 32377655 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01502d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The transition state in Cl + CH4 is of Cl-H-C collinear geometry. As the reactant CH4 is vibrationally excited by a linearly polarized infrared (IR) light to the antisymmetric-stretching state of ν3 = 1, all four C-H bonds are collectively excited and any one of the H-atoms can be reactive. Yet, a strong alignment of the excited CH4(ν3 = 1), as evidenced from the striking stereo-specificity in the Cl + CH4 reaction, was clearly revealed in a previous, exploratory study. Reported here is the full account of that investigation at two collisional energies of Ec = 4.8 and 2.7 kcal mol-1, using a crossed molecular-beam, product-imaging approach. By active control of the polarization direction of an IR laser under judiciously chosen beam-geometries, a complete set of polarization-dependent differential cross sections is disentangled from the CH3(00) product images. To our surprise, the quantitative results appear nearly identical to those obtained for the isotope-substituted reaction of Cl + CHD3(ν1 = 1) → HCl(ν) + CD3(00). A detailed discussion is presented to elucidate the underlying physics for such an intriguing similarity in stereo-reactivity between a spherical-top and a symmetric-top reactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. and Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, CAS, Dalian 116023, P. R. China and Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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8
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Zou W, Tao Y, Kraka E. Describing Polytopal Rearrangements of Fluxional Molecules with Curvilinear Coordinates Derived from Normal Vibrational Modes: A Conceptual Extension of Cremer-Pople Puckering Coordinates. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3162-3193. [PMID: 32208729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work a new curvilinear coordinate system is presented for the comprehensive description of polytopal rearrangements of N-coordinate compounds (N = 4-7) and systems containing an N-coordinate subunit. It is based on normal vibrational modes and a natural extension of the Cremer-Pople puckering coordinates ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 1354) together with the Zou-Izotov-Cremer deformation coordinates ( J. Phys. Chem. A 2011, 115, 8731) for ring structures to N-coordinate systems. We demonstrate that the new curvilinear coordinates are ideal reaction coordinates describing fluxional rearrangement pathways by revisiting the Berry pseudorotation and the lever mechanism in sulfur tetrafluoride, the Berry pseudorotation and two Muetterties' mechanisms in pentavalent compounds, the chimeric pseudorotation in iodine pentafluoride, Bailar and Ray-Dutt twists in hexacoordinate tris-chelates as well as the Bartell mechanism in iodine heptafluoride. The results of our study reveal that this dedicated curvilinear coordinate system can be applied to most coordination compounds opening new ways for the systematic modeling of fluxional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Yunwen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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9
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Liu Y, Li J. An accurate potential energy surface and ring polymer molecular dynamics study of the Cl + CH4→ HCl + CH3reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:344-353. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05693a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermal rate coefficients for the Cl + CH4/CD4reactions were studied on a new full-dimensional accurate potential energy surface with the spin–orbit corrections considered in the entrance channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 401331
- China
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10
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Yang CH, Hu LL, Liu K. Imaging pair-correlated reaction cross sections in F + CH 3D(ν b = 0, 1) → CH 2D(ν 4 = 1) + HF(ν). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13934-13942. [PMID: 29989118 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The title reactions were studied in a crossed-beam experiment at collisional energies (Ec) from 0.5 to 4.7 kcal mol-1. The νb (ν4) vibrational mode denotes the bending (umbrella) motion of the CH3D reactant (CH2D product). Using a time-sliced, velocity-map imaging technique, we extracted the state-specific, pair-correlated integral and differential cross sections. As with other isotopically analogous ground-state reactions, an inverted vibrational population of the HF coproduct was observed. Both the step-like excitation function near the threshold and the oscillatory forward-backward peakings in the Ec-evolution of the two dominant pair-correlated angular distributions at lower Ec suggest a resonance-mediated, time-delay mechanism. As Ec increases, the angular distribution of the HF(ν = 2) product evolves into a smooth and broad swath in the backward hemisphere, indicative of a direct rebound mechanism. One quantum excitation of the bending modes of CH3D(νb = 1) promotes the reaction rate by two- to three-fold up to Ec = 2.1 kcal mol-1. Broadly speaking, all major findings are qualitatively in line with previous results in the reactions of the F atom with other isotopologues. However, the rainbow feature recently observed in the CH2D(00) + HF(ν = 3) product channel is entirely absent. A possible rationale is put forward, which reinforces the previous reactive rainbow conjecture and calls for future theoretical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsin Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-wei Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Feng-yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-sha Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-sheng Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Ausfelder F, McKendrick KG. The Dynamics of Reactions of O(3P) Atoms with Saturated Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967400103165164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We review the experimental and theoretical work which has been carried out on the dynamics of reactions of O(3P) with saturated hydrocarbons and related systems. We concentrate primarily on gas phase reactions, but also cover in less detail the more limited work on condensed phase and interfacial reactions. Although O(3P) + saturated alkane reactions are the primary focus, the dominant features of their dynamics are compared and contrasted with those of unsaturated alkanes, functionalised alkanes, and inorganic hydrides (including silanes, germanes, H2S, and hydrogen halides). The principal experimental techniques are reviewed. The experimentally determined quantities are identified, including excitation functions, OH rovibrational and fine-structure partitioning, the rather limited equivalent results for the organic radical co-product, and differential cross-sections. The dynamical conclusions that have been inferred are discussed and compared with the predictions of various levels of theory from semi-empirical models through to rigorous ab initio treatments. For many organic systems, most of the evidence points to OH being formed via a direct abstraction mechanism in which the O(3P) atom attacks along an isolated C–H bond. Outstanding problems with this basic interpretation and gaps in the current knowledge base are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ausfelder
- Department of Chemisty, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
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13
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Migliorini D, Nattino F, Tiwari AK, Kroes GJ. HOD on Ni(111): Ab Initio molecular dynamics prediction of molecular beam experiments. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:244706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5059357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Migliorini
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Nattino
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ashwani K. Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Pan H, Tkac O, Liu K. Rotational-mode specific effects on the stereo-requirement in the reaction of prealigned-CHD3(v1 = 1; |JK = |10 or |1 ± 1) with the chlorine atom. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:244307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5037892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ondrej Tkac
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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15
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Abstract
The dynamics of chemical reactions in liquid solutions are now amenable to direct study using ultrafast laser spectroscopy techniques and advances in computer simulation methods. The surrounding solvent affects the chemical reaction dynamics in numerous ways, which include: (i) formation of complexes between reactants and solvent molecules; (ii) modifications to transition state energies and structures relative to the reactants and products; (iii) coupling between the motions of the reacting molecules and the solvent modes, and exchange of energy; (iv) solvent caging of reactants and products; and (v) structural changes to the solvation shells in response to the changing chemical identity of the solutes, on timescales which may be slower than the reactive events. This article reviews progress in the study of bimolecular chemical reaction dynamics in solution, concentrating on reactions which occur on ground electronic states. It illustrates this progress with reference to recent experimental and computational studies, and considers how the various ways in which a solvent affects the chemical reaction dynamics can be unravelled. Implications are considered for research in fields such as mechanistic synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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16
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Pandit S, Hornung B, Dunning GT, Preston TJ, Brazener K, Orr-Ewing AJ. Primary vs. secondary H-atom abstraction in the Cl-atom reaction with n-pentane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:1614-1626. [PMID: 27995254 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07164c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Velocity map imaging (VMI) measurements and quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations on a newly developed, global potential energy surface (PES) combine to reveal the detailed mechanisms of reaction of Cl atoms with n-pentane. Images of the HCl (v = 0, J = 1, 2 and 3) products of reaction at a mean collision energy of 33.5 kJ mol-1 determine the centre-of-mass frame angular scattering and kinetic energy release distributions. The HCl products form with relative populations of J = 0-5 levels that fit to a rotational temperature of 138 ± 13 K. Product kinetic energy release distributions agree well with those derived from a previous VMI study of the pentyl radical co-product [Estillore et al., J. Chem. Phys. 2010, 132, 164313], but the angular distributions show more pronounced forward scattering. The QCT calculations reproduce many of the experimental observations, and allow comparison of the site-specific dynamics of abstraction of primary and secondary H-atoms. They also quantify the relative reactivity towards Cl atoms of the three different H-atom environments in n-pentane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrangshu Pandit
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Balázs Hornung
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Greg T Dunning
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Thomas J Preston
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Kristian Brazener
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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17
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Tsuneda T, Singh RK, Chattaraj PK. Diagrams for comprehensive molecular orbital-based chemical reaction analyses: reactive orbital energy diagrams. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14211-14222. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00461g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive orbital energy diagrams resting on the reactive orbital energy theory correct conventional frontier orbital diagrams and make it possible to perform comprehensive orbital-based analyses of reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsuneda
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center
- University of Yamanashi
- Kofu 400-0021
- Japan
| | - Raman Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Jagdam College
- Jai Prakash University
- Chapra
- Bihar-841301
| | - Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Theoretical Studies
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- India
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18
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Pan H, Mondal S, Yang CH, Liu K. Imaging characterization of the rapid adiabatic passage in a source-rotatable, crossed-beam scattering experiment. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013928. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sohidul Mondal
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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19
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Shen Z, Ma H, Zhang C, Fu M, Wu Y, Bian W, Cao J. Dynamical importance of van der Waals saddle and excited potential surface in C( 1D)+D 2 complex-forming reaction. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14094. [PMID: 28094253 PMCID: PMC5247604 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Encouraged by recent advances in revealing significant effects of van der Waals wells on reaction dynamics, many people assume that van der Waals wells are inevitable in chemical reactions. Here we find that the weak long-range forces cause van der Waals saddles in the prototypical C(1D)+D2 complex-forming reaction that have very different dynamical effects from van der Waals wells at low collision energies. Accurate quantum dynamics calculations on our highly accurate ab initio potential energy surfaces with van der Waals saddles yield cross-sections in close agreement with crossed-beam experiments, whereas the same calculations on an earlier surface with van der Waals wells produce much smaller cross-sections at low energies. Further trajectory calculations reveal that the van der Waals saddle leads to a torsion then sideways insertion reaction mechanism, whereas the well suppresses reactivity. Quantum diffraction oscillations and sharp resonances are also predicted based on our ground- and excited-state potential energy surfaces. It is commonly held that van der Waals wells are inevitable in chemical reactions. Here, the authors show that weak van der Waals forces in the entrance channel of a prototypical complex-forming reaction cause a van der Waals saddle instead, with different dynamical effects from a well at low collision energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingkai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wensheng Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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20
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Wang F, Liu K. Differential steric effects in Cl reactions with aligned CHD3(v1 = 1) by the R(0) and Q(1) transitions. II. Abstracting the unexcited D-atoms. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:144306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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21
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Wang F, Liu K. Differential steric effects in Cl reactions with aligned CHD3(v1 = 1) by the R(0) and Q(1) transitions. I. Attacking the excited C–H bond. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:144305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Departmemt of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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22
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Geweke J, Shirhatti PR, Rahinov I, Bartels C, Wodtke AM. Vibrational energy transfer near a dissociative adsorption transition state: State-to-state study of HCl collisions at Au(111). J Chem Phys 2016; 145:054709. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4959968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Geweke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck—EPFL Center for Molecular Nanoscience and Technology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pranav R. Shirhatti
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Igor Rahinov
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 4353701 Ra’anana, Israel
| | - Christof Bartels
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck—EPFL Center for Molecular Nanoscience and Technology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Liu K. Vibrational Control of Bimolecular Reactions with Methane by Mode, Bond, and Stereo Selectivity. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:91-111. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
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24
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Shin JY, Case AS, Crim FF. Comparative Study of Cl-Atom Reactions in Solution Using Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:3920-31. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Yoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Amanda S. Case
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - F. Fleming Crim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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25
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Nattino F, Migliorini D, Bonfanti M, Kroes GJ. Methane dissociation on Pt(111): Searching for a specific reaction parameter density functional. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:044702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4939520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nattino
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Migliorini
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Bonfanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Moussa AH, Shalaby M, Talaat H, El-Wallid Sedik S, El-Din Kamal MT. Quantum dynamical study of heavy-light-heavy reactions: application to the (Cl + CH4 → HCl + CH3) reaction. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476615070100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Jiang B, Yang M, Xie D, Guo H. Quantum dynamics of polyatomic dissociative chemisorption on transition metal surfaces: mode specificity and bond selectivity. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3621-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in quantum dynamical characterization of polyatomic dissociative chemisorption on accurate global potential energy surfaces are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
- Department of Chemical Physics
| | - Minghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
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28
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Hornung B, Harvey JN, Preston TJ, Dunning GT, Orr-Ewing AJ. Empirical Valence Bond Theory Studies of the CH4 + Cl → CH3 + HCl Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9590-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Hornung
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy N. Harvey
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium
| | - Thomas J. Preston
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Greg T. Dunning
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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29
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Yang J, Zhang D, Chen Z, Blauert F, Jiang B, Dai D, Wu G, Zhang D, Yang X. Effect of CH stretching excitation on the reaction dynamics of F + CHD3 → DF + CHD2. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:044316. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Florian Blauert
- Dynamics at Surfaces, Faculty of Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Song H, Guo H. Mode specificity in bond selective reactions F + HOD → HF + OD and DF + OH. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:174309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4919666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Song
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom;
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32
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Ohoyama H. Atomic Alignment Effect on Reactivity and on Product Alignment in the Energy-Transfer Reaction of Oriented Ar ( 3P 2, 4s [3/2] 2, MJ = 2) + Kr (4p 6, 1S 0) → Ar (3p 6, 1S 0) + Kr (5p [3/2] 2). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1820-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509989x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ohoyama
- Department
of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Science, Osaka University Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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33
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Liu K. Perspective: Vibrational-induced steric effects in bimolecular reactions. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:080901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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34
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Aoiz FJ, Brouard M, Gordon SDS, Nichols B, Stolte S, Walpole V. A new perspective: imaging the stereochemistry of molecular collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:30210-28. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The concept of the steric effect plays a central role in chemistry. This Perspective describes how the polarization of reactant molecules in space can be used to probe directly the steric effect, and highlights some of the new measurements that are made possible by coupling reactant orientation and alignment with ion imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. J. Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Complutense
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - M. Brouard
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - S. D. S. Gordon
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - B. Nichols
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | - S. Stolte
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - V. Walpole
- The Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
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35
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Guo H, Jiang B. The sudden vector projection model for reactivity: mode specificity and bond selectivity made simple. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3679-85. [PMID: 25393632 DOI: 10.1021/ar500350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: Mode specificity is defined by the differences in reactivity due to excitations in various reactant modes, while bond selectivity refers to selective bond breaking in a reaction. These phenomena not only shed light on reaction dynamics but also open the door for laser control of reactions. The existence of mode specificity and bond selectivity in a reaction indicates that not all forms of energy are equivalent in promoting the reactivity, thus defying a statistical treatment. They also allow the enhancement of reactivity and control product branching ratio. As a result, they are of central importance in chemistry. This Account discusses recent advances in our understanding of these nonstatistical phenomena. In particular, the newly proposed sudden vector projection (SVP) model and its applications are reviewed. The SVP model is based on the premise that the collision in many direct reactions is much faster than intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution in the reactants. In such a sudden limit, the coupling of a reactant mode with the reaction coordinate at the transition state, which dictates its ability to promote the reaction, is approximately quantified by the projection of the former onto the latter. The SVP model can be considered as a generalization of the venerable Polanyi's rules, which are based on the location of the barrier. The SVP model is instead based on properties of the saddle point and as a result capable of treating the translational, rotational, and multiple vibrational modes in reactions involving polyatomic reactants. In case of surface reactions, the involvement of surface atoms can also be examined. Taking advantage of microscopic reversibility, the SVP model has also been used to predict product energy disposal in reactions. This simple yet powerful rule of thumb has been successfully demonstrated in many reactions including uni- and bimolecular reactions in the gas phase and gas-surface reactions. The success of the SVP model underscores the importance of the transition state in controlling mode-specific and bond-selective chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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36
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Pan H, Yang J, Wang F, Liu K. Imaging the Stereodynamics of Cl + CH4(ν3 = 1): Polarization Dependence on the Rotational Branch and the Hyperfine Depolarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3878-3883. [PMID: 26278763 DOI: 10.1021/jz502088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The transition state in the Cl + CH4 reaction is of Cl-H-C collinear geometry, which serves as the bottleneck to reaction. When the reactant CH4 is antisymmetrically stretch-excited to ν3 = 1 by absorbing a linearly polarized photon, all four C-H bonds are collectively excited, and any one of the H atoms could be attacked by the Cl atom. At first sight, it is not obvious how an excited spherical-top molecule like CH4 is aligned and what consequences will be on chemical reactivity by polarizing the CH4 reagents. As shown here, an enormous steric effect on reactivity is observed, which depends sensitively on the selected rotational states. By exploiting various rotational branches in optical excitation, we quantify the degree of stereospecificity for a few lowest rovibrational states of the aligned CH4(ν3 = 1) reagents, as well as account for the hyperfine depolarization factor. This information lays the foundation for a full stereorequirement study of the Cl + CH4(ν3 = 1) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Pan
- †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
| | - Jiayue Yang
- †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
| | - Fengyan Wang
- †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
| | - Kopin Liu
- †Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences (IAMS), Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
- ‡Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617
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37
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Orr-Ewing AJ. Perspective: Bimolecular chemical reaction dynamics in liquids. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:090901. [PMID: 24606343 DOI: 10.1063/1.4866761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimolecular reactions in the gas phase exhibit rich and varied dynamical behaviour, but whether a profound knowledge of the mechanisms of isolated reactive collisions can usefully inform our understanding of reactions in liquid solutions remains an open question. The fluctuating environment in a liquid may significantly alter the motions of the reacting particles and the flow of energy into the reaction products after a transition state has been crossed. Recent experimental and computational studies of exothermic reactions of CN radicals with organic molecules indicate that many features of the gas-phase dynamics are retained in solution. However, observed differences may also provide information on the ways in which a solvent modifies fundamental chemical mechanisms. This perspective examines progress in the use of time-resolved infra-red spectroscopy to study reaction dynamics in liquids, discusses how existing theories can guide the interpretation of experimental data, and suggests future challenges for this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
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38
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Liu R, Wang F, Jiang B, Czakó G, Yang M, Liu K, Guo H. Rotational mode specificity in the Cl + CHD3 → HCl + CD3 reaction. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:074310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4892598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Joalland B, Shi Y, Estillore AD, Kamasah A, Mebel AM, Suits AG. Dynamics of chlorine atom reactions with hydrocarbons: insights from imaging the radical product in crossed beams. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9281-95. [PMID: 25076054 DOI: 10.1021/jp504804n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a comprehensive overview of our ongoing studies applying dc slice imaging in crossed molecular beams to probe the dynamics of chlorine atom reactions with polyatomic hydrocarbons. Our approach consists in measuring the full velocity-flux contour maps of the radical products using vacuum ultraviolet "soft" photoionization at 157 nm. Our overall goal is to extend the range of chemical dynamics investigations from simple triatomic or tetraatomic molecules to systematic investigations of a sequence of isomers or a homologous series of reactants of intermediate size. These experimental investigations are augmented by high-level ab initio calculations which, taken together, reveal trends in product energy and angular momentum partitioning and offer deep insight into the reaction mechanisms as a function of structure, bonding patterns, and kinematics. We explore these issues in alkanes, for which only direct reactive encounters are found, and in unsaturated hydrocarbons, for which an addition-elimination mechanism competes with direct abstraction. The results for alkene addition-elimination in particular suggest a new view of these reactions: The only pathway to HCl elimination is accessed by means of roaming excursions of the Cl atom from the strongly bound adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Joalland
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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40
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Preston TJ, Dunning GT, Orr-Ewing AJ, Vázquez SA. Direct and Indirect Hydrogen Abstraction in Cl + Alkene Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:5595-607. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5042734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Preston
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Greg T. Dunning
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Saulo A. Vázquez
- Departamento de Química
Física and Centro Singular de Investigación Química
Biológica y Materiales Moleculares, Campus Vida, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
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41
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Yang J, Zhang D, Jiang B, Dai D, Wu G, Zhang D, Yang X. How Is C-H Vibrational Energy Redistributed in F + CHD3(ν1 = 1) → HF + CD3? J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1790-1794. [PMID: 26273855 DOI: 10.1021/jz5007252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of CH stretching excitation on the F + CHD3 → HF + CD3 reaction are studied experimentally using crossed-beam and time-sliced velocity map imaging techniques at the collision energy of 9.0 kcal/mol. The fraction of the vibrationally excited CHD3 reagent in the crossed-beam region was determined accurately, allowing us to investigate quantitatively the effects of CH stretching excitation on the title reaction. Experimental data show that the vibrational energy in the excited CH bond of CHD3 is almost exclusively deposited into the HF product vibration, and hence, the HF products from the excited-state reaction are about one vibrational quantum hotter than those of the ground-state reaction, while the vibrational state distribution of the CD3 products is only slightly affected. The reaction is suppressed by the CH stretching excitation, and the overall reactivity of the vibrationally excited reaction is 74 ± 4% of that of the ground-state reaction for CD3(ν2 = 0, 1, 2, 3) product channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Yang
- †State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- †State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- †State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- †State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Guorong Wu
- †State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- †State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- †State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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Jiang B, Guo H. Mode Specificity, Bond Selectivity, and Product Energy Disposal in X + CH4/CHD3(X=H, F, O(3P), Cl, and OH) Hydrogen Abstraction Reactions: Perspective from Sudden Vector Projection Model. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Pan H, Yang J, Zhang D, Shuai Q, Dai D, Wu G, Jiang B, Yang X. Effect of antisymmetric C–H stretching excitation on the dynamics of O(1D) + CH4 → OH + CH3. J Chem Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4871135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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44
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Reactivity index based on orbital energies. J Comput Chem 2014; 35:1093-100. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Wang F, Lin JS, Liu K. How to measure a complete set of polarization-dependent differential cross sections in a scattering experiment with aligned reagents? J Chem Phys 2014; 140:084202. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4865673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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46
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Joalland B, Shi Y, Patel N, Van Camp R, Suits AG. Dynamics of Cl + propane, butanes revisited: a crossed beam slice imaging study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:414-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51785c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Wang T, Chen J, Yang T, Xiao C, Sun Z, Huang L, Dai D, Yang X, Zhang DH. Dynamical Resonances Accessible Only by Reagent Vibrational Excitation in the F + HD→HF + D Reaction. Science 2013; 342:1499-502. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1246546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Tiangang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Long Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- Center for Advanced Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Dong H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
- Center for Advanced Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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48
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Shan X, Remmert SM, Clary DC, Zhang B, Liu K. Crossed-beam and reduced dimensionality studies of the state-to-state integral cross sections of the Cl+HCD3(v)→HCl(v′)+CD3 reaction. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Lemeshko
- a ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
| | - Roman V. Krems
- c Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics , University of California , Santa Barbara , CA , 93106 , USA
- d Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , BC V6T 1Z1, Vancouver , Canada
| | - John M. Doyle
- b Physics Department , Harvard University , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Sabre Kais
- e Departments of Chemistry and Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN , 47907 , USA
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50
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Berke AE, Volpa EH, Annesley CJ, Crim FF. The influence of translational and vibrational energy on the reaction of Cl with CH3D. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:224306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4808378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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