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Rayment MH, Hogan SD. Electrostatic trapping vibrationally excited Rydberg NO molecules. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2160846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Rayment
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. D. Hogan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
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Barnum TJ, Clausen G, Jiang J, Coy SL, Field RW. Long-range model of vibrational autoionization in core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states of NO. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244303. [PMID: 34972375 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In high orbital angular momentum (ℓ ≥ 3) Rydberg states, the centrifugal barrier hinders the close approach of the Rydberg electron to the ion-core. As a result, these core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states can be well described by a simplified model in which the Rydberg electron is only weakly perturbed by the long-range electric properties (i.e., multipole moments and polarizabilities) of the ion-core. We have used a long-range model to describe the vibrational autoionization dynamics of high-ℓ Rydberg states of nitric oxide (NO). In particular, our model explains the extensive angular momentum exchange between the ion-core and the Rydberg electron that had been previously observed in vibrational autoionization of f (ℓ = 3) Rydberg states. These results shed light on a long-standing mechanistic question around these previous observations and support a direct, vibrational mechanism of autoionization over an indirect, predissociation-mediated mechanism. In addition, our model correctly predicts newly measured total decay rates of g (ℓ = 4) Rydberg states because for ℓ ≥ 4, the non-radiative decay is dominated by autoionization rather than predissociation. We examine the predicted NO+ ion rotational state distributions generated by vibrational autoionization of g states and discuss applications of our model to achieve quantum state selection in the production of molecular ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Barnum
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Gloria Clausen
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Coy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert W Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Rayment MH, Hogan SD. Quantum-state-dependent decay rates of electrostatically trapped Rydberg NO molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18806-18822. [PMID: 34612419 PMCID: PMC8900602 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) molecules travelling in pulsed supersonic beams have been prepared in long-lived Rydberg-Stark states by resonance-enhanced two-colour two-photon excitation from the X 2Π1/2 (v'' = 0, J'' = 3/2) ground state, through the A 2Σ+ (v' = 0, N' = 0, J' = 1/2) intermediate state. These excited molecules were decelerated from 795 ms-1 to rest in the laboratory-fixed frame of reference, in the travelling electric traps of a transmission-line Rydberg-Stark decelerator. The decelerator was operated at 30 K to minimise effects of blackbody radiation on the molecules during deceleration and trapping. The molecules were electrostatically trapped for times of up to 1 ms, and detected in situ by pulsed electric field ionisation. Measurements of the rate of decay from the trap were performed for states with principal quantum numbers between n = 32 and 50, in Rydberg series converging to the N+= 0, 1, and 2 rotational states of NO+. For the range of Rydberg states studied, the measured decay times of between 200 μs and 400 μs were generally observed to reduce as the value of n was increased. For some particular values of n deviations from this trend were seen. These observations are interpreted, with the aid of numerical calculations, to arise as a result of contributions to the decay rates, on the order of 1 kHz, from rotational and vibrational channel interactions. These results shed new light on the role of weak intramolecular interactions on the slow decay of long-lived Rydberg states in NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Rayment
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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González-Férez R, Shertzer J, Sadeghpour HR. Ultralong-Range Rydberg Bimolecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:043401. [PMID: 33576643 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.043401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We predict that ultralong-range Rydberg bimolecules form in collisions between polar molecules in cold and ultracold settings. The interaction of Λ-doublet nitric oxide (NO) with long-lived Rydberg NO(nf, ng) molecules forms ultralong-range Rydberg bimolecules with GHz energies and kilo-Debye permanent electric dipole moments. The Hamiltonian includes both the anisotropic charge-molecular dipole interaction and the electron-NO scattering. The rotational constant for the Rydberg bimolecules is in the MHz range, allowing for microwave spectroscopy of rotational transitions in Rydberg bimolecules. Considerable orientation of NO dipole can be achieved. The Rydberg molecules described here hold promise for studies of a special class of long-range bimolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario González-Férez
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, and Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Janine Shertzer
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA
- Department of Physics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA
| | - H R Sadeghpour
- ITAMP, Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA
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Barnum TJ, Herburger H, Grimes DD, Jiang J, Field RW. Preparation of high orbital angular momentum Rydberg states by optical-millimeter-wave STIRAP. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0017790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Barnum
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H. Herburger
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D. D. Grimes
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J. Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R. W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Grimes DD, Barnum TJ, Zhou Y, Colombo AP, Field RW. Coherent laser-millimeter-wave interactions en route to coherent population transfer. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:144201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David D. Grimes
- Department of Chemistry, Massaschusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Timothy J. Barnum
- Department of Chemistry, Massaschusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Anthony P. Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, Massaschusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massaschusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Araki M, Abe K, Furukawa H, Tsukiyama K. Far-infrared amplified emission from the v= 1 autoionizing Rydberg states of NO. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Minns R, Lazenby D, Hall F, Jones N, Patel R, Fielding H. A spectroscopic investigation of the ionisation and dissociation decay dynamics of Rydberg states of NO. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.865809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.S. Minns
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - D.T.C. Lazenby
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - F.H.J. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - N.J.A. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - R. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - H.H. Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
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Chao SD, Hayashi M, Lin SH, Schlag EW. On the Electric Field Effect on the Dynamics of High Rydberg States of Hydrogen Atom and the Model of ZEKE Spectroscopy. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.199800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ogi Y, Ando J, Nemoto M, Fujii M, Tono K, Tsukiyama K. Far infrared stimulated emission from the 8s and 8f Rydberg states of NO. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
▪ Abstract Significant advances in laser technology have led to an increasing interest in the time evolution of Rydberg wavepackets as a means to understanding, and ultimately controlling, quantum phenomena. Rydberg wavepackets in molecules are particularly interesting as they possess many of the dynamical complications of large molecules, such as nonadiabatic coupling between the various degrees of freedom, yet they remain tractable experimentally and theoretically. This review explains in detail how the method of interfering wavepackets can be applied to observe and control Rydberg wavepackets in molecules; it discusses the achievements to date and the possibilities for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.
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Kay JJ, Byun DS, Clevenger JO, Jiang X, Petrović VS, Seiler R, Barchi JR, Merer AJ, Field RW. "Spectrum-only" assignment of core-penetrating and core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states of calcium monofluoride. CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v04-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg states of calcium monofluoride in the n* = 1720 region have been observed by ionization-detected opticaloptical double-resonance spectroscopy via the D2Σ+ v = 1 intermediate state. All members of the six core-penetrating Rydberg series in the n* = 1720 region and several components of the 17f and 17g core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states have been assigned. While the assignment of core-penetrating Rydberg states is straightforward without use of an effective Hamiltonian model, "spectrum-only" assignment of core-nonpenetrating states is complicated because strong l-uncoupling causes the core-nonpenetrating states to evolve rapidly from Hund's case (b) to Hund's case (d) coupling. We describe "spectrum-only" assignment procedures, developed in the spirit of Gerhard Herzberg, that can be used to assign opticaloptical double-resonance spectra of core-penetrating and core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states using only information contained in the spectrum rather than predictions derived from an effective Hamiltonian model. The ambiguities that arise in the assignment of each class of states are discussed in detail.Key words: CaF, electric quadrupole moment, Rydberg states, laser spectroscopy.
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Minns RS, Verlet JRR, Watkins LJ, Fielding HH. Observation and control of dissociating and autoionizing Rydberg electron wave packets in NO. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1603218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Goodgame AL, Dickinson H, Mackenzie SR, Softley TP. The Stark effect in the v[sup +]=1 autoionizing Rydberg states of NO. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1450552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Murgu E, Martin JDD, Gallagher TF. Stabilization of predissociating nitric oxide Rydberg molecules using microwave and radio-frequency fields. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1400788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Li J, Liu Y, Dai X, Li L, Field RW. Relabeling and classification of the Rydberg states. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1361252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Fujii A, Kitamura Y, Mikami N. Vibrationally autoionizing Rydberg clusters: Spectroscopy and dynamics of pyrazine–Ar and –Xe clusters. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1315359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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Held A, Baranov LY, Selzle HL, Schlag EW. Lifetime control in Rydberg states using fast switching DC electric fields. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vrakking MJJ. Lifetimes of Rydberg states in ZEKE experiments. III. Calculations of the dc electric field dependence of predissociation lifetimes of NO. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.472592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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