1
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Kolek P, Andrzejak M, Uchacz T, Goclon J, Pogocki D, Kisała J, Bankiewicz B, Szlachcic P, Tulej M. LIF spectrum for the localised S 0 → S 1(ππ*) excitation in the H-bonded anthranilic acid dimer: Symmetry breaking or coupling of vibrations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124491. [PMID: 38823243 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of the π → π* excitation localised in one monomer on the equilibrium geometry and oscillations of the AA dimer. Several low-frequency vibrations appear in pairs in the LIF spectrum because oscillations involving intermolecular hydrogen bonds are coupled, generating approximately symmetric and antisymmetric combinations (especially the COOH rocking modes, LIF: 295 and 301 cm-1). Furthermore, quantitative evaluation based on the TDDFT(B3LYP) results indicates that a dozen among 90 intramolecular oscillations are strongly coupled. In contrast, most vibrations are decoupled or weakly coupled, since they involve remote parts of the monomers. This makes several single vibrations active in the LIF spectrum (including the bending mode of the NH···O intramolecular hydrogen bond associated the strongest vibronic band 442 cm-1), while the other in each pair remains inactive. The reason for decoupling of oscillations and symmetry breaking is that the π → π* electronic excitation is entirely localised within one of the monomers, which makes them no longer equivalent in terms of geometry and dynamics. Additionally, the excitation of one monomer induces strengthening and shortening by 6 pm of only one intermolecular hydrogen bond linking the carboxylic groups of both molecules. This causes the 1.7° in-plane distortion of the dimer and lowering of its symmetry to Cs group (from C2h for the S0 state). The distortion induces the activity of two low-frequency in-plane intermolecular vibrations, i.e. the geared oscillation (LIF: 58 cm-1) and the shearing motion (99 cm-1) of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Kolek
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, 1 Pigonia Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Marcin Andrzejak
- K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Uchacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Goclon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pogocki
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisała
- Institute of Biology University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia Street, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Szlachcic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, PL-31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Tulej
- Physics Institute, Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Kokkin DL, Reilly NJ, Ivanov M, Rathore R, Reid SA. Excitonic Coupling in Fluorene-Based Bichromophoric Systems: Vibrational Quenching and the Transition from Weak to Intermediate Coupling. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7198-7204. [PMID: 37594308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Excimeric systems (i.e., excited dimers) have well served as model compounds for the study of the delocalization of electronic energy over weakly interacting chromophores. However, there remain relatively few isolated systems in which such interactions can be studied experimentally at a level to afford detailed comparisons with theory. In this Article, we examine a series of covalently and noncovalently linked dimers of fluorene, as a model aromatic chromophore, where the formation of excimers requires a π-stacked, cofacial orientation at van der Waals contact. Building upon a series of seminal prior studies that examined vibronic quenching of the excitation interaction in van der Waals dimers, the key question that we sought to address here is whether a single quenching factor could reproduce experimental excitonic splittings across a series of covalently and noncovalently linked bichromophoric systems built from the same chromophore. In comparing experimentally measured excitonic splittings with calculated static splittings using time-dependent density functional methods, we find that all systems save one fall on a line with a slope of 0.080(8), reflecting a vibrational quenching of roughly 1 order of magnitude. The outlier, which shows a significantly reduced quenching factor, represents a cyclophane-linked system where the fluorene moieties are constrained in a cofacial arrangement. We argue that this system evidences the transition from the weak to intermediate coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian L Kokkin
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
| | - Neil J Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Maxim Ivanov
- Amgen Inc., 1 Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | | | - Scott A Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States
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3
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Humphries BS, Green D, Jones GA. The influence of a Hamiltonian vibration vs a bath vibration on the 2D electronic spectra of a homodimer. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084103. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0077404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We elucidate the influence of the system–bath boundary placement within an open quantum system, with emphasis on the two-dimensional electronic spectra, through the application of the hierarchical equations of motion formalism for an exciton system. We apply two different models, the Hamiltonian vibration model (HVM) and bath vibration model (BVM), to a monomer and a homodimer. In the HVM, we specifically include the vibronic states in the Hamiltonian capturing vibronic quenching, whereas in the BVM, all vibrational details are contained within the bath and described by an underdamped spectral density. The resultant spectra are analyzed in terms of energetic peak position and thermodynamic broadening precision in order to evaluate the efficacy of the two models. The HVM produces 2D spectra with accurate peak positional information, while the BVM is well suited to modeling dynamic peak broadening. For the monomer, both models produce equivalent spectra in the limit where additional damping associated with the underdamped vibration in the BVM approaches zero. This is supported by analytical results. However, for the homodimer, the BVM spectra are redshifted with respect to the HVM due to an absence of vibronic quenching in the BVM. The computational efficiency of the two models is also discussed in order to inform us of the most appropriate use of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben S. Humphries
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dale Green
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Garth A. Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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4
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Ray J, Ramesh SG. Excited-state proton transfer in the 2-aminopyridine dimer: A surface hopping study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7274-7292. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05517h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of the excited-state intermolecular proton transfer process in the 2-aminopyridine dimer. Prior experimental and theoretical studies on this doubly hydrogen bonded system have attributed an...
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5
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Goswami S, Mundakkathparambil Parameswaran A, Köppel H. A quantum dynamical investigation of the excitation transfer in two doubly hydrogen-bonded molecular dimers. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1762011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugata Goswami
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - H. Köppel
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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6
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Kidwell NM, Nebgen B, Slipchenko LV, Zwier TS. The effects of site asymmetry on near-degenerate state-to-state vibronic mixing in flexible bichromophores. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084313. [PMID: 31470719 DOI: 10.1063/1.5107423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael M. Kidwell
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - Benjamin Nebgen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA
| | | | - Timothy S. Zwier
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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7
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Goswami S, Kopec S, Köppel H. Vibronic Coupling and Excitation Transfer in Hydrogen-Bonded Molecular Dimers: A Quantum Dynamical Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5491-5503. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugata Goswami
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kopec
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Horst Köppel
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Ge Q, Head-Gordon M. Energy Decomposition Analysis for Excimers Using Absolutely Localized Molecular Orbitals within Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory and Configuration Interaction with Single Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:5156-5168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Ge
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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9
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Lee TS, Lin YL, Kim H, Pensack RD, Rand BP, Scholes GD. Triplet Energy Transfer Governs the Dissociation of the Correlated Triplet Pair in Exothermic Singlet Fission. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4087-4095. [PMID: 29976063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission is a spin-allowed process of exciton multiplication that has the potential to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. The majority of studies to date have emphasized understanding the first step of singlet fission, where the correlated triplet pair is produced. Here, we examine separation of correlated triplet pairs. We conducted temperature-dependent transient absorption on 6,3-bis(tri isopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pn) films, where singlet fission is exothermic. We evaluated time constants to show that their temperature dependence is inconsistent with an exclusively thermally activated process. Instead, we found that the trends can be modeled by a triplet-triplet energy transfer. The fitted reorganization energy and electronic coupling agree closely with values calculated using density matrix renormalization group quantum-chemical theory. We conclude that dissociation of the correlated triplet pair to separated (but spin-entangled) triplet excitons in TIPS-Pn occurs by triplet-triplet energy transfer with a hopping time constant of approximately 3.5 ps at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia S Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - YunHui L Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Hwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Ryan D Pensack
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry , Princeton University , Princeton , New Jersey 08544 , United States
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10
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Bouchet A, Klyne J, Ishiuchi SI, Dopfer O, Fujii M, Zehnacker A. Stereochemistry-dependent structure of hydrogen-bonded protonated dimers: the case of 1-amino-2-indanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12430-12443. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00787j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stereochemistry effects on the structure of molecular aggregates are studied in the prototypical 1-amino-2-indanol. Conformer-selective IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy reveals how stereochemistry shapes its dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Bouchet
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Johanna Klyne
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Shun-ichi Ishiuchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Anne Zehnacker
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay (ISMO)
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91405 Orsay
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11
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Xie Y, Jiang S, Zheng J, Lan Z. Construction of Vibronic Diabatic Hamiltonian for Excited-State Electron and Energy Transfer Processes. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:9567-9578. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Shengshi Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens & Technical Textiles, College of Textiles & Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy
and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Mata RA, Suhm MA. Benchmarking Quantum Chemical Methods: Are We Heading in the Right Direction? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11011-11018. [PMID: 28452424 PMCID: PMC5582598 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Theoreticians and experimentalists should work together more closely to establish reliable rankings and benchmarks for quantum chemical methods. Comparison to carefully designed experimental benchmark data should be a priority. Guidelines to improve the situation for experiments and calculations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. Mata
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 637077GöttingenGermany
| | - Martin A. Suhm
- Institut für Physikalische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstrasse 637077GöttingenGermany
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13
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Mata RA, Suhm MA. Quantenchemische Methoden im Leistungsvergleich: Stimmt die Richtung noch? Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A. Mata
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Martin A. Suhm
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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14
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Inokuchi Y, Kida M, Ebata T. Geometric and Electronic Structures of Dibenzo-15-Crown-5 Complexes with Alkali Metal Ions Studied by UV Photodissociation and UV–UV Hole-Burning Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:954-962. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Motoki Kida
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ebata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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15
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Miyazaki M, Fujii M. A structural study on the excimer state of an isolated benzene dimer using infrared spectroscopy in the skeletal vibration region. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22759-22776. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03480f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
IR spectroscopy on an isolated benzene excimer reveals that both the electronic and vibrational excitations are in resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujii
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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16
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Balmer FA, Kopec S, Köppel H, Leutwyler S. Excitonic Splitting and Vibronic Coupling Analysis of the m-Cyanophenol Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:73-87. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A. Balmer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Kopec
- Theoretische
Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Horst Köppel
- Theoretische
Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Leutwyler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse
3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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17
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Becucci M, Melandri S. High-Resolution Spectroscopic Studies of Complexes Formed by Medium-Size Organic Molecules. Chem Rev 2016; 116:5014-37. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Becucci
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and European Laboratory for
Nonlinear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sonia Melandri
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Francesco Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Dean JC, Oblinsky DG, Rather SR, Scholes GD. Methylene Blue Exciton States Steer Nonradiative Relaxation: Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Methylene Blue Dimer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:440-54. [PMID: 26781668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry and aggregation properties of methylene blue (MB) lead to its popular use in photodynamic therapy. The facile formation of strongly coupled "face-to-face" H-aggregates in concentrated aqueous solution, however, significantly changes its spectroscopic properties and photophysics. The photoinitiated dynamics of the simplest MB aggregate, MB2, was investigated over femtosecond to nanosecond time scales revealing sequential internal conversion events that fully relax the excited population. MB monomer dynamics were analyzed in tandem for a direct comparison. First, ultrafast internal conversion from the electric-dipole allowed upper exciton state to the lower forbidden exciton state was evaluated by use of broadband transient absorption (BBTA) and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a time resolution of ∼ 10 fs. Lineshape analysis of MB and MB2 2DES bands at 298 and 77 K show effectively no difference in the diagonal/antidiagonal line width ratio for the dimer, in marked contrast to the distinct reduction of the homogeneous line width for MB. This result is interpreted as ultrafast population relaxation imposing a limitation to the homogeneous line width, instead of pure dephasing as in the case of the monomer. Narrowband transient absorption was performed with the aid of target analysis, to model the dynamics at longer times. The MB dynamics were described by a sequential model featuring vibrational relaxation (1-10 ps) followed by intersystem crossing and internal conversion (τ ∼ 370 ps) leaving behind MB triplet species. Alternatively, the dimer dynamics were entirely quenched within ∼ 10 ps, yielding a ground state recovery time of 3-4 ps. Such fast and complete relaxation to the ground state demonstrates the effect of concentration quenching when monomers are brought into close proximity. The formation of exciton states introduces an initial energy funnel that eventually leads to population relaxation to the ground state, preventing even the dissociation of dimers despite having internal energies well above its binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Shahnawaz R. Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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19
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Kopec S, Köppel H. Theoretical analysis of the S2←S0 vibronic spectrum of the 2-pyridone dimer. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:024314. [PMID: 26772578 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between excitonic and vibronic coupling in hydrogen-bonded molecular dimers leads to complex spectral structures and other intriguing phenomena such as a quenching of the excitonic energy splitting. We recently extended our analysis from that of the quenching mechanism to the theoretical investigation of the complete vibronic spectrum for the ortho-cyanophenol dimer. We now apply the same approach to the vibronic spectrum of the 2-pyridone dimer and discuss the assignment of vibronic lines to gain insight into the underlying coupling mechanism. This is based on potential energy surfaces obtained at the RI-CC2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. They are used for the dynamical analysis in the framework of a multi-mode vibronic coupling approach. The theoretical results based on the quadratic vibronic coupling model are found to be in good agreement with the experimental resonant two-photon ionization spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Kopec
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Horst Köppel
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Ottiger P, Köppel H, Leutwyler S. Excitonic splittings in molecular dimers: why static ab initio calculations cannot match them. Chem Sci 2015; 6:6059-6068. [PMID: 29435210 PMCID: PMC5802277 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02546j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of research on molecular excitons, only few molecular dimers are available on which exciton and vibronic coupling theories can be rigorously tested. In centrosymmetric H-bonded dimers consisting of identical (hetero)aromatic chromophores, the monomer electronic transition dipole moment vectors subtract or add, yielding S0 → S1 and S0 → S2 transitions that are symmetry-forbidden or -allowed, respectively. Symmetry breaking by 12C/13C or H/D isotopic substitution renders the forbidden transition weakly allowed. The excitonic coupling (Davydov splitting) can then be measured between the S0 → S1 and S0 → S2 vibrationless bands. We discuss the mass-specific excitonic spectra of five H-bonded dimers that are supersonically cooled to a few K and investigated using two-color resonant two-photon ionization spectroscopy. The excitonic splittings Δcalc predicted by ab initio methods are 5-25 times larger than the experimental excitonic splittings Δexp. The purely electronic ab initio splittings need to be reduced ("quenched"), reflecting the coupling of the electronic transition to the optically active vibrations of the monomers. The so-called quenching factors Γ < 1 can be determined from experiment (Γexp) and/or calculation (Γcalc). The vibronically quenched splittings Γ·Δcalc are found to nicely reproduce the experimental exciton splittings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ottiger
- Dept. für Chemie und Biochemie , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 31 631 4479
| | - Horst Köppel
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut , Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 229 , D-69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Samuel Leutwyler
- Dept. für Chemie und Biochemie , Freiestrasse 3 , CH-3012 Bern , Switzerland . ; ; Tel: +41 31 631 4479
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21
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Zhugayevych A, Tretiak S. Theoretical Description of Structural and Electronic Properties of Organic Photovoltaic Materials. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:305-30. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Zhugayevych
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545;
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia 143025
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545;
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22
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Kopec S, Ottiger P, Leutwyler S, Köppel H. Analysis of the S2←S0 vibronic spectrum of the ortho-cyanophenol dimer using a multimode vibronic coupling approach. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:084308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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23
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Balmer FA, Ottiger P, Leutwyler S. Excitonic Splitting, Delocalization, and Vibronic Quenching in the Benzonitrile Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11253-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509626b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A. Balmer
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Ottiger
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Leutwyler
- Department
of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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24
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Corani A, Huijser A, Gustavsson T, Markovitsi D, Malmqvist PÅ, Pezzella A, d’Ischia M, Sundström V. Superior Photoprotective Motifs and Mechanisms in Eumelanins Uncovered. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11626-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ja501499q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Corani
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Annemarie Huijser
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustavsson
- CNRS, IRAMIS,
LIDYL, Laboratoire Francis Perrin, URA 2453, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dimitra Markovitsi
- CNRS, IRAMIS,
LIDYL, Laboratoire Francis Perrin, URA 2453, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Per-Åke Malmqvist
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Pezzella
- Department
of Chemistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department
of Chemistry Sciences, University of Naples Federico II Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Villy Sundström
- Department
of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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25
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Scholes GD, Smyth C. Perspective: Detecting and measuring exciton delocalization in photosynthetic light harvesting. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:110901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4869329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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26
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Fassioli F, Dinshaw R, Arpin PC, Scholes GD. Photosynthetic light harvesting: excitons and coherence. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20130901. [PMID: 24352671 PMCID: PMC3899860 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosynthesis begins with light harvesting, where specialized pigment-protein complexes transform sunlight into electronic excitations delivered to reaction centres to initiate charge separation. There is evidence that quantum coherence between electronic excited states plays a role in energy transfer. In this review, we discuss how quantum coherence manifests in photosynthetic light harvesting and its implications. We begin by examining the concept of an exciton, an excited electronic state delocalized over several spatially separated molecules, which is the most widely available signature of quantum coherence in light harvesting. We then discuss recent results concerning the possibility that quantum coherence between electronically excited states of donors and acceptors may give rise to a quantum coherent evolution of excitations, modifying the traditional incoherent picture of energy transfer. Key to this (partially) coherent energy transfer appears to be the structure of the environment, in particular the participation of non-equilibrium vibrational modes. We discuss the open questions and controversies regarding quantum coherent energy transfer and how these can be addressed using new experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, Ontario, CanadaM5S 3H6
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27
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Dean JC, Walsh PS, Biswas B, Ramachandran PV, Zwier TS. Single-conformation UV and IR spectroscopy of model G-type lignin dilignols: the β–O–4 and β–β linkages. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc53260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Ahrens J, Haberlag B, Scheja A, Tamm M, Bröring M. Conjugated BODIPY DYEmers by Metathesis Reactions. Chemistry 2013; 20:2901-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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García-Fernández P, Andjelković L, Zlatar M, Gruden-Pavlović M, Dreuw A. A simple monomer-based model-Hamiltonian approach to combine excitonic coupling and Jahn-Teller theory. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:174101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4827398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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30
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Buchanan EG, Walsh PS, Plusquellic DF, Zwier TS. Excitonic splitting and vibronic coupling in 1,2-diphenoxyethane: Conformation-specific effects in the weak coupling limit. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:204313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4807300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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31
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Schröter M, Kühn O. Interplay Between Nonadiabatic Dynamics and Frenkel Exciton Transfer in Molecular Aggregates: Formulation and Application to a Perylene Bismide Model. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7580-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp402587p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schröter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O. Kühn
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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32
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König C, Neugebauer J. Exciton Coupling Mechanisms Analyzed with Subsystem TDDFT: Direct vs Pseudo Exchange Effects. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3480-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin König
- Theoretische Organische
Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster,
Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische
Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches
Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster,
Germany
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33
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Röttger K, Schwalb NK, Temps F. Electronic Deactivation of Guanosine in Extended Hydrogen-Bonded Self-Assemblies. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2469-78. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3095193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Röttger
- Institut für
Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr.
40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina K. Schwalb
- Institut für
Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr.
40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Friedrich Temps
- Institut für
Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr.
40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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34
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Kistler KA, Spano FC, Matsika S. A Benchmark of Excitonic Couplings Derived from Atomic Transition Charges. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2032-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310603z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A. Kistler
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122,
United States
| | - Francis C. Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122,
United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122,
United States
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35
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Suhm MA, Kollipost F. Femtisecond single-mole infrared spectroscopy of molecular clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:10702-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51515j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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37
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Inokuchi Y, Kusaka R, Ebata T, Boyarkin OV, Rizzo TR. Laser Spectroscopic Study of Cold Host–Guest Complexes of Crown Ethers in the Gas Phase. Chemphyschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Inokuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi‐Hiroshima 739‐8526 (Japan)
| | - Ryoji Kusaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi‐Hiroshima 739‐8526 (Japan)
| | - Takayuki Ebata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi‐Hiroshima 739‐8526 (Japan)
| | - Oleg V. Boyarkin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015 (Switzerland)
| | - Thomas R. Rizzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015 (Switzerland)
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38
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Ottiger P, Leutwyler S. Excitonic splitting and coherent electronic energy transfer in the gas-phase benzoic acid dimer. J Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4767400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Kopec S, Ottiger P, Leutwyler S, Köppel H. Vibrational quenching of excitonic splittings in H-bonded molecular dimers: Adiabatic description and effective mode approximation. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:184312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4763979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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