1
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Cangialosi D, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Comment on “Anomalous structural recovery in the near glass transition range in a polymer glass: Data revisited in light of temperature variability in vacuum oven‐based experiments”. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC‐UPV/EHU) Sebastián Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología (UPV/EHU) San Sebastián Spain
| | - Angel Alegría
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología (UPV/EHU) San Sebastián Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center San Sebastián Spain
| | - Juan Colmenero
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC‐UPV/EHU) Sebastián Spain
- Departamento de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física, Química y Tecnología (UPV/EHU) San Sebastián Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center San Sebastián Spain
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2
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Böhmer T, Gabriel JP, Zeißler R, Richter T, Blochowicz T. Glassy dynamics in polyalcohols: intermolecular simplicity vs. intramolecular complexity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18272-18280. [PMID: 35880532 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01969h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using depolarized light scattering, we have recently shown that structural relaxation in a broad range of supercooled liquids follows, to good approximation, a generic line shape with high-frequency power law ω-1/2. We now continue this study by investigating a systematic series of polyalcohols (PAs), frequently used as model-systems in glass-science, i.a., because the width of their respective dielectric loss spectra varies strongly along the series. Our results reveal that the microscopic origin of the observed relaxation behavior varies significantly between different PAs: while short-chained PAs like glycerol rotate as more or less rigid entities and their light scattering spectra follow the generic shape, long-chained PAs like sorbitol display pronounced intramolecular dynamic contributions on the time scale of structural relaxation, leading to systematic deviations from the generic shape. Based on these findings we discuss an important limitation for observing the generic shape in a supercooled liquid: the dynamics that is probed needs to reflect the intermolecular dynamic heterogeneity, and must not be superimposed by effects of intramolecular dynamic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Böhmer
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Jan Philipp Gabriel
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rolf Zeißler
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Timo Richter
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Thomas Blochowicz
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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3
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Mansuri A, Münzner P, Feuerbach T, Vermeer AWP, Hoheisel W, Böhmer R, Thommes M, Gainaru C. The relaxation behavior of supercooled and glassy imidacloprid. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174502. [PMID: 34742219 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing dielectric spectroscopy, oscillatory shear rheology, and calorimetry, the present work explores the molecular dynamics of the widely used insecticide imidacloprid above and below its glass transition temperature. In its supercooled liquid regime, the applied techniques yield good agreement regarding the characteristic structural (alpha) relaxation times of this material. In addition, the generalized Gemant-DiMarzio-Bishop model provides a good conversion between the frequency-dependent dielectric and shear mechanical responses in its viscous state, allowing for an assessment of imidacloprid's molecular hydrodynamic radius. In order to characterize the molecular dynamics in its glassy regime, we employ several approaches. These include the application of frequency-temperature superposition (FTS) to its isostructural dielectric and rheological responses as well as use of dielectric and calorimetric physical aging and the Adam-Gibbs-Vogel model. While the latter approach and dielectric FTS provide relaxation times that are close to each other, the other methods predict notably longer times that are closer to those reflecting a complete recovery of ergodicity. This seemingly conflicting dissimilarity demonstrates that the molecular dynamics of glassy imidacloprid strongly depends on its thermal history, with high relevance for the use of this insecticide as an active ingredient in technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mansuri
- INVITE GmbH, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - P Münzner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Feuerbach
- Chair of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - R Böhmer
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Thommes
- Chair of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Gainaru
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Monnier X, Marina S, Lopez de Pariza X, Sardón H, Martin J, Cangialosi D. Physical Aging Behavior of a Glassy Polyether. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:954. [PMID: 33804594 PMCID: PMC8003685 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to provide insights on recent findings indicating the presence of multiple equilibration mechanisms in physical aging of glasses. To this aim, we have investigated a glass forming polyether, poly(1-4 cyclohexane di-methanol) (PCDM), by following the evolution of the enthalpic state during physical aging by fast scanning calorimetry (FSC). The main results of our study indicate that physical aging persists at temperatures way below the glass transition temperature and, in a narrow temperature range, is characterized by a two steps evolution of the enthalpic state. Altogether, our results indicate that the simple old-standing view of physical aging as triggered by the α relaxation does not hold true when aging is carried out deep in the glassy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain;
| | - Sara Marina
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (S.M.); (X.L.d.P.); (H.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Xabier Lopez de Pariza
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (S.M.); (X.L.d.P.); (H.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Haritz Sardón
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (S.M.); (X.L.d.P.); (H.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Jaime Martin
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. de Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain; (S.M.); (X.L.d.P.); (H.S.); (J.M.)
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigacións Tecnolóxicas, Universidade da Coruña, Campus de Esteiro s/n, 15403 Ferrol, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain;
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Sebastián, Spain
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5
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Golovchak R, Brennan C, Fletcher J, Ignatova T, Jain H. Dynamics of structural relaxation in bioactive 45S5 glass. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:295401. [PMID: 32187590 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab80f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of physical aging in archetypic 45S5 bioactive silicate glass composition with different types of phase separation are studied in situ below the glass transition temperature (T g). The qualitative nature of aging is found to be almost independent of the structural differences on the micrometer scale. A well-expressed step-like behavior in the enthalpy recovery kinetics is observed for aging temperatures T a ∼ 0.90T g and T a ∼ 0.85T g, which, however, disappears when the aging occurs at T a ∼ 0.95T g. The overall kinetics are described by a stretched-exponential function with stretching exponent close to 3/7 at T a ∼ 0.95T g, and 1/3 when the aging temperature drops to ∼0.90T g and below. The values correlate well with the predictions of Phillips' diffusion-to-traps and percolating fractals models. Appearance of step-like behavior at larger departure from T g is attributed to the hierarchical scheme of approaching equilibrium based on an alignment-shrinkage mechanism of physical aging proposed earlier for chalcogenide glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Golovchak
- Department of Physics, Engineering and Astronomy, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, United States of America
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6
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Roed LA, Hecksher T, Dyre JC, Niss K. Generalized single-parameter aging tests and their application to glycerol. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:044501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5066387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Anita Roed
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Tina Hecksher
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jeppe C. Dyre
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kristine Niss
- Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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7
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Monnier X, Cangialosi D. Thermodynamic Ultrastability of a Polymer Glass Confined at the Micrometer Length Scale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:137801. [PMID: 30312075 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.137801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We employ fast scanning calorimetry to assess the thermodynamic state attained after a given cooling rate and the molecular mobility of glassy poly(4-tert-butylstyrene) confined at the micrometer length scale. We show that, for such a large confinement length scale, thermodynamic states with a fictive temperature (T_{f}) 80 K below the polymer glass transition temperature (T_{g}) are attained, which allows to bypass the geological timescales required for bulk glasses. Access to such states is promoted by a fast mechanism of equilibration. Importantly, the tremendous T_{f} decrease takes place while the molecular mobility remains bulklike, indicating marked decoupling between vitrification kinetics and molecular mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Monnier
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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8
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Zanotto ED, Mauro JC. Comment on "Glass Transition, Crystallization of Glass-Forming Melts, and Entropy" Entropy 2018, 20, 103. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20090703. [PMID: 33265792 PMCID: PMC7513222 DOI: 10.3390/e20090703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In a recent article, Schmelzer and Tropin [Entropy2018, 20, 103] presented a critique of several aspects of modern glass science, including various features of glass transition and relaxation, crystallization, and the definition of glass itself. We argue that these criticisms are at odds with well-accepted knowledge in the field from both theory and experiments. The objective of this short comment is to clarify several of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar D. Zanotto
- Department of Materials Engineering, Center for Research, Technology and Education in Vitreous Materials, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo 13.565-905, Brazil
- Correspondence: (E.D.Z.); (J.C.M.)
| | - John C. Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (E.D.Z.); (J.C.M.)
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9
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Perez-De-Eulate NG, Cangialosi D. Double Mechanism for Structural Recovery of Polystyrene Nanospheres. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Perez-De-Eulate
- Centro de Física
de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física
de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International
Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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10
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Cangialosi D. Glass Transition and Physical Aging of Confined Polymers Investigated by Calorimetric Techniques. RECENT ADVANCES, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64062-8.00013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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11
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Perez-De Eulate NG, Cangialosi D. The very long-term physical aging of glassy polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12356-12361. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01940a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamic state of polymer glasses aged over 30 years reveals the existence of a metastable state with partial equilibrium recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales
- 20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
- San Sebastián
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12
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Perez-de-Eulate NG, Di Lisio V, Cangialosi D. Glass Transition and Molecular Dynamics in Polystyrene Nanospheres by Fast Scanning Calorimetry. ACS Macro Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Perez-de-Eulate
- Centro de Física
de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Valerio Di Lisio
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Roma “la Sapienza”, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física
de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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13
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Boucher VM, Cangialosi D, Alegría A, Colmenero J. Complex nonequilibrium dynamics of stacked polystyrene films deep in the glassy state. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:203312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4977207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Sakatsuji W, Konishi T, Miyamoto Y. Origin of two maxima in specific heat in enthalpy relaxation under thermal history composed of cooling, annealing, and heating. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:062501. [PMID: 28085480 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The origin of two maxima in specific heat observed at the higher and the lower temperatures in the glass-transition region in the heating process has been studied for polymethyl methacrylate and polyvinyl chloride using differential scanning calorimetry, and the calculation was done using the phenomenological model equation under a thermal history of the typical annealing experiment composed of cooling, annealing, and heating. The higher maximum is observed above the glass-transition temperature, and it remains almost unchanged independent of annealing time t_{a}, while the lower one is observed above an annealing temperature T_{a} and shifts toward the higher one, increasing its magnitude with t_{a}. The analysis by the phenomenological model equation proposed in order to interpret the memory effect in the glassy state clarifies that under a typical annealing history, two maxima in specific heat essentially appear. The shift of the lower maximum toward higher temperatures from above T_{a} is caused by an increase in the amount of relaxation during annealing with t_{a}. The annealing temperature and the amount of relaxation during annealing play a major role in the determination of the number of maxima in the specific heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waki Sakatsuji
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Konishi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Golovchak R, Kozdras A, Shpotyuk O, Balitska V. Crossover between cooperative and fractal relaxation in complex glass-formers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:355101. [PMID: 27365336 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/35/355101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Kinetics of physical aging at different temperatures is studied in situ in arsenic selenide glasses using high-precision differential scanning calorimetry technique. A well-expressed step-like behaviour in the enthalpy recovery kinetics is recorded for low aging temperatures. These fine features disappear when the aging temperature (T a) approaches the glass transition temperature (T g). The overall kinetics is described by stretched exponential function with stretching exponent close to 3/5 at T a > ~0.95 T g almost independent on glass composition, and 3/7 when the aging temperature drops to ~0.9 T g. These values are consistent with the prediction of Phillips' diffusion-to-traps model. Further decrease in aging temperature to ~0.85 T g leads to the appearance of step-like behaviour and stretching exponent of 1/3 for the overall kinetics, which is the limiting value predicted by random walk on the fractal model. Such behavior is explained as crossover from homogeneous cooperative relaxation of non-percolating structural units to high-dimensional fractal relaxation within hierarchically-arranged two-stage physical aging model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Golovchak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN 37044, USA
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16
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Abstract
We compare dynamical heterogeneities in equilibrated supercooled liquids and in the nonequilibrium glassy state within the framework of the random first order transition theory. Fluctuating mobility generation and transport in the glass are treated by numerically solving stochastic continuum equations for mobility and fictive temperature fields that arise from an extended mode coupling theory containing activated events. Fluctuating spatiotemporal structures in aging and rejuvenating glasses lead to dynamical heterogeneity in glasses with characteristics distinct from those found in the equilibrium supercooled liquid. The non-Gaussian distribution of activation free energies, the stretching exponent β, and the growth of characteristic lengths are studied along with the four-point dynamical correlation function. Asymmetric thermodynamic responses upon heating and cooling are predicted to be the result of the heterogeneity and the out-of-equilibrium behavior of glasses below Tg. Our numerical results agree with experimental calorimetry. We numerically confirm the prediction of Lubchenko and Wolynes in the glass that the dynamical heterogeneity can lead to noticeably bimodal distributions of local fictive temperatures during some histories of preparation which explains in a unified way recent experimental observations that have been interpreted as coming from there being two distinct equilibration mechanisms in glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apiwat Wisitsorasak
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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17
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Cangialosi D. Dynamics and thermodynamics of polymer glasses. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:153101. [PMID: 24675099 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/15/153101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The fate of matter when decreasing the temperature at constant pressure is that of passing from gas to liquid and, subsequently, from liquid to crystal. However, a class of materials can exist in an amorphous phase below the melting temperature. On cooling such materials, a glass is formed; that is, a material with the rigidity of a solid but exhibiting no long-range order. The study of the thermodynamics and dynamics of glass-forming systems is the subject of continuous research. Within the wide variety of glass formers, an important sub-class is represented by glass forming polymers. The presence of chain connectivity and, in some cases, conformational disorder are unfavourable factors from the point of view of crystallization. Furthermore, many of them, such as amorphous thermoplastics, thermosets and rubbers, are widely employed in many applications. In this review, the peculiarities of the thermodynamics and dynamics of glass-forming polymers are discussed, with particular emphasis on those topics currently the subject of debate. In particular, the following aspects will be reviewed in the present work: (i) the connection between the pronounced slowing down of glassy dynamics on cooling towards the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the thermodynamics; and, (ii) the fate of the dynamics and thermodynamics below Tg. Both aspects are reviewed in light of the possible presence of a singularity at a finite temperature with diverging relaxation time and zero configurational entropy. In this context, the specificity of glass-forming polymers is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cangialosi
- Materials Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabel 5 20018 San Sebastian, Spain
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18
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Ruta B, Baldi G, Monaco G, Chushkin Y. Compressed correlation functions and fast aging dynamics in metallic glasses. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:054508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4790131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Ruta B, Chushkin Y, Monaco G, Cipelletti L, Pineda E, Bruna P, Giordano VM, Gonzalez-Silveira M. Atomic-scale relaxation dynamics and aging in a metallic glass probed by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:165701. [PMID: 23215091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.165701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We use x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy to investigate the structural relaxation process in a metallic glass on the atomic length scale. We report evidence for a dynamical crossover between the supercooled liquid phase and the metastable glassy state, suggesting different origins of the relaxation process across the transition. Furthermore, using different cooling rates, we observe a complex hierarchy of dynamic processes characterized by distinct aging regimes. Strong analogies with the aging dynamics of soft glassy materials, such as gels and concentrated colloidal suspensions, point at stress relaxation as a universal mechanism driving the relaxation dynamics of out-of-equilibrium systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ruta
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP220, F-38043 Grenoble, France.
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20
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Rzoska SJ, Drozd-Rzoska A. Dual field nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy in a glass forming EPON 828 epoxy resin. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:035101. [PMID: 22142595 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/3/035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Results of the dual field nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy (NDS) studies in supercooled glass forming epoxy resin EPON 828 are presented. For the NDS, changes of dielectric permittivity induced by DC (rectangular) or AC (sine-wave) pulses of a strong electric field were probed by a weak radio frequency electric field. A clear stretched exponential (x < 1) decay after switching off the DC pulse and a single exponential decay (x = 1) after switching off the AC pulse were found. The same results are presented for preliminary studies in superpressed low molecular glass former di-isobutyl phthalate. This observation may be considered as an argument for the heterogeneous picture of supercooled glass forming materials. The temperature dependences of the stationary responses related to DC and AC strong electric field excitations are also shown. The sensitivity of the applied set up made it possible to detect NDS outputs even for electric fields E(strong) < 10 kV cm(-1), qualitatively weaker than in similar 'nonlinear, dielectric' experimental studies on glass forming materials carried out so far.
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21
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Li B, Chu TS, Han KL. Non-Born-Oppenheimer dynamics calculations using the coherent switching with decay of mixing method. J Comput Chem 2010; 31:362-70. [PMID: 19479734 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.21329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical investigation of the nonadiabatic processes that are involved in the full three-dimensional D+H(2), H+D(2), D(+)+H(2), and H(+)+D(2) reaction systems has been performed using the method of coherence switching with decay of mixing (CSDM) developed by Truhlar and coworkers. The electronic density matrix for each trajectory is fully coherent in the CSDM method, and a switching algorithm different to the original "decay of mixing" method is used to determine the pure state toward which the decoherent force drives the system. By solving the equations for the evolution of the electronic state populations along the semiclassical trajectory, the ensemble can present effective physical insight into nonadiabatic dynamics. The calculations for the D+H(2) and H+D(2) systems is based on the double many body expansion potential energy surface. The potential energy surface constructed by Kamisaka et al. is employed in the calculation of D(+)+H(2) and H(+)+D(2) reactions. The cross sections and the reaction probabilities for the total angular momentum J = 0 are calculated for all of these systems. The calculated results from the CSDM method are in good agreement with exact quantum mechanical calculations and experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Kearns KL, Still T, Fytas G, Ediger MD. High-modulus organic glasses prepared by physical vapor deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:39-42. [PMID: 20217693 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200901673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L Kearns
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Xia T, Xiao L, Orrit M. Micron-Sized Structure in a Thin Glycerol Film Revealed by Fluorescent Probes. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:15724-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9058388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ted Xia
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- Molecular Nano-Optics and Spins, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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24
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Abstract
Complex spatiotemporal structures develop during the process of aging glasses after cooling and of rejuvenating glasses on heating. The key to understanding these structures is the interplay between the activated reconfiguration events that generate mobility and the transport of mobility. These effects are both accounted for by combining the random first-order transition theory of activated events with mode coupling theory in an inhomogeneous setting. The predicted modifications by mobility transport of the time course of the aging regime are modest. In contrast, the rejuvenation process is strongly affected through the propagation of fronts of enhanced mobility originating from the initial reconfiguration events. The structures in a rejuvenating glass resemble flames. An analysis along the lines of combustion theory provides an estimate of the front propagation speed. Heterogeneous rejuvenation naturally should occur for glasses with free surfaces. The analogy with combustion also provides a way of looking at the uptake of diluents by glasses described by case II and super case II diffusion.
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25
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Zondervan R, Kulzer F, Berkhout GCG, Orrit M. Local viscosity of supercooled glycerol near Tg probed by rotational diffusion of ensembles and single dye molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:12628-33. [PMID: 17488815 PMCID: PMC1937517 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0610521104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We probe the rotational diffusion of a perylene dye in supercooled glycerol, 5-25 K above the glass-transition temperature (T(g) = 190 K) at the ensemble and the single-molecule level. The single-molecule results point to a broad distribution of local viscosities that vary by a factor of five or more for different individual fluorophores at a given temperature. By following the same single molecules at various temperatures, we find that the distribution of local viscosities itself broadens upon approaching T(g). This spatial heterogeneity is found to relax extremely slowly, persisting over hours or even days. These results convey a picture of heterogeneous liquid pockets separated by solid-like walls, which exist already well above the viscosimetric glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Zondervan
- Molecular Nano–Optics and Spins, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Kulzer
- Molecular Nano–Optics and Spins, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorius C. G. Berkhout
- Molecular Nano–Optics and Spins, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- Molecular Nano–Optics and Spins, Huygens Laboratory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Hodge IM. Incorporation of nonlinear thermorheological complexity into the phenomenologies of structural relaxation. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:124503. [PMID: 16392494 DOI: 10.1063/1.2038847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A distribution of activation energies is introduced into the nonlinear Adam-Gibbs ("Hodge-Scherer") phenomenology for structural relaxation. The resulting dependencies of the stretched exponential beta parameter on thermodynamic temperature and fictive temperature (nonlinear thermorheological complexity) are derived. No additional adjustable parameters are introduced, and contact is made with the predictions of the random first-order transition theory of aging of Lubchenko and Wolynes [J. Chem. Physics121, 2852 (2004)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Hodge
- Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA.
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27
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Abstract
The random first-order transition theory of the dynamics of supercooled liquids is extended to treat aging phenomena in nonequilibrium structural glasses. A reformulation of the idea of "entropic droplets" in terms of libraries of local energy landscapes is introduced which treats in a uniform way the supercooled liquid (reproducing earlier results) and glassy regimes. The resulting microscopic theory of aging makes contact with the Nayaranaswamy-Moynihan-Tool nonlinear relaxation formalism and the Hodge-Scherer extrapolation of the Adam-Gibbs formula, but deviations from both approaches are predicted and shown to be consistent with experiment. The nonlinearity of glassy relaxation is shown to quantitatively correlate with liquid fragility. The residual non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of relaxation observed in quenched glasses is explained. The broadening of relaxation spectra in the nonequilibrium glass with decreasing temperature is quantitatively predicted. The theory leads to the prediction of spatially fluctuating fictive temperatures in the long-aged glassy state, which have non-Gaussian statistics. This can give rise to "ultraslow" relaxations in systems after deep quenches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Lubchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0371, USA
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28
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Crisanti A, Ritort F. Violation of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem in glassy systems: basic notions and the numerical evidence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/36/21/201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Zhu C, Kamisaka H, Nakamura H. New implementation of the trajectory surface hopping method with use of the Zhu–Nakamura theory. II. Application to the charge transfer processes in the 3D DH2+ system. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1446032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Wang CY, Ediger MD. Lifetime of spatially heterogeneous dynamic domains in polystyrene melts. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Wang CY, Ediger MD. How Long Do Regions of Different Dynamics Persist in Supercooled o-Terphenyl? J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984149x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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32
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Miller RS, MacPhail RA. Physical Aging in Supercooled Glycerol: Evidence for Heterogeneous Dynamics? J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971354o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S. Miller
- P. M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
| | - Richard A. MacPhail
- P. M. Gross Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0346
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