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Dantus M. Ultrafast studies of elusive chemical reactions in the gas phase. Science 2024; 385:eadk1833. [PMID: 39116221 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The chemical composition of the interstellar medium and planetary atmospheres is constantly in flux as atoms and molecules collide and interact with high-energy particles such as electrons, protons, and photons. These transformative processes ultimately lead to the coalescence of molecules and eventually the birth of stars. Our understanding of these chemical ecosystems relies on models that synthesize data from gas-phase experiments, providing insights into reaction cross sections. This Review examines efforts to delve into the fundamental bond-forming and bond-breaking dynamics that occur during bimolecular and electron-initiated reactions. These experiments involve clever approaches to establish a time reference and the collision geometry necessary for tracking atomic motion with femtosecond time resolution. Findings from these efforts enhance present models and improve predictions for molecule-molecule and electron-molecule collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Amaran S, Kosloff R, Tomza M, Skomorowski W, Pawłowski F, Moszynski R, Rybak L, Levin L, Amitay Z, Berglund JM, Reich DM, Koch CP. Femtosecond two-photon photoassociation of hot magnesium atoms: A quantum dynamical study using thermal random phase wavefunctions. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:164124. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4826350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane P. Koch
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40,
34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Moshe Shapiro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada V6T
1Z1, and Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel 76100
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Rybak L, Amitay Z, Amaran S, Kosloff R, Tomza M, Moszynski R, Koch CP. Femtosecond coherent control of thermal photoassociation of magnesium atoms. Faraday Discuss 2011; 153:383-94; discussion 395-413. [DOI: 10.1039/c1fd00052g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nuernberger P, Vogt G, Brixner T, Gerber G. Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2470-97. [PMID: 17508081 DOI: 10.1039/b618760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the progress in controlling quantum dynamical processes in the condensed phase with femtosecond laser pulses. Due to its high particle density the condensed phase has both high relevance and appeal for chemical synthesis. Thus, in recent years different methods have been developed to manipulate the dynamics of condensed-phase systems by changing one or multiple laser pulse parameters. Single-parameter control is often achieved by variation of the excitation pulse's wavelength, its linear chirp or its temporal subpulse separation in case of pulse sequences. Multiparameter control schemes are more flexible and provide a much larger parameter space for an optimal solution. This is realized in adaptive femtosecond quantum control, in which the optimal solution is iteratively obtained through the combination of an experimental feedback signal and an automated learning algorithm. Several experiments are presented that illustrate the different control concepts and highlight their broad applicability. These fascinating achievements show the continuous progress on the way towards the control of complex quantum reactions in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nuernberger
- Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
There has been much progress in the control of chemical reactions since methods of active control were first proposed by Brumer & Shapiro and by Tannor & Rice ten years ago. This chapter reviews both theoretical and experimental advances in the field. Control schemes based on quantum mechanical interference between competing paths and the manipulation of wave packets with tailored laser pulses are discussed. The theory of optimal control, the limitations of control theory applied to many-body dynamics, and the effects of constraints on the trajectory of the controlled observable are presented. Experimental progress in controlling the population of specific quantum states, in manipulating the dynamics of bound wave packets, and in the control of chemical reactions are reviewed, and current problems in the field are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gordon
- Department of Chemistry (m/c 111), University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7061, USA.
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Dantus M, Lozovoy VV. Experimental Coherent Laser Control of Physicochemical Processes. Chem Rev 2004; 104:1813-59. [PMID: 15080713 DOI: 10.1021/cr020668r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Gonzalez CR, Fernandez-Alberti S, Echave J, Chergui M. Vibrational coherence and nonadiabatic dynamics in the condensed phase. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1434996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Levine R. On the capture cross-section for charge neutralization, recombination, photoassociation and other barrierless reactions. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
This review focuses on the study of the dynamics of isolated molecules and their control using coherent nonlinear spectroscopic methods. Emphasis is placed on topics such as bound-to-free excitation and the study of concerted elimination reactions, free-to-bound excitation and the study of bimolecular reactions, and bound-to-bound excitation and the study of intramolecular rovibrational dynamics and coherence relaxation. For each case the detailed time-resolved information reveals possible strategies to control the outcome. Experimental results are shown for each of the reactions discussed. The methods discussed include pump-probe and four-wave mixing processes such as transient grating and photon echo spectroscopy. Off-resonance transient-grating experiments are shown to be ideal for the study of ground state dynamics, molecular structure, and the molecular response to strong field excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dantus
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Møller KB, Zewail AH. The concept of coherent resonances in the nuclear motion of bimolecular collisions: femtosecond probing and the classical picture. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Control of photoassociation yield: a quantum-dynamical study of the mercury system to explore the role of pulse duration from nanoseconds to femtoseconds. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Korolkov M, Schmidt B. Vibrationally state-selective laser pulse control of electronic branching in OH (X/A) photoassociation. Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(98)00219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Zhang Q, Marvet U, Dantus M. Femtosecond dynamics of photoinduced molecular detachment from halogenated alkanes. II. Asynchronous concerted elimination of I2 from CH2I2. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hashimoto N, Someda K, Yamanouchi K. Probing intramolecular vibrational energy re-distribution by using a pair of femtosecond-laser pulses: a theoretical model. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Backhaus P, Manz J, Schmidt B. Effect of Rotations and Shape Resonances on Photoassociation and Photoacceleration by Short Infrared Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9800057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Backhaus
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, WE 3, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Manz
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, WE 3, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Schmidt
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, WE 3, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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Marvet U, Zhang Q, Dantus M. Femtosecond Dynamics of Unimolecular and Unrestricted Bimolecular Reactions. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9732975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Una Marvet
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
| | - Qingguo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Fundamental Materials Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322
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