1
|
Chen W, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Yang G, Li Y, Xu L, Yang M, Wu B, Pan Y, Xu Y, Liu Q, Chen C, Peng F, Wang S, Zou Y. Catalyst Selection over an Electrochemical Reductive Coupling Reaction toward Direct Electrosynthesis of Oxime from NO x and Aldehyde. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6294-6306. [PMID: 38377334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous electrochemical coupling reactions, which enable the green synthesis of complex organic compounds, will be a crucial tool in synthetic chemistry. However, a lack of informed approaches for screening suitable catalysts is a major obstacle to its development. Here, we propose a pioneering electrochemical reductive coupling reaction toward direct electrosynthesis of oxime from NOx and aldehyde. Through integrating experimental and theoretical methods, we screen out the optimal catalyst, i.e., metal Fe catalyst, that facilitates the enrichment and C-N coupling of key reaction intermediates, all leading to high yields (e.g., ∼99% yield of benzaldoxime) for the direct electrosynthesis of oxime over Fe. With a divided flow reactor, we achieve a high benzaldoxime production of 22.8 g h-1 gcat-1 in ∼94% isolated yield. This work not only paves the way to the industrial mass production of oxime via electrosynthesis but also offers references for the catalyst selection of other electrochemical coupling reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yandong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangxing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Leitao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuping Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhi Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuqin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
MOHAMED IBRAHIM ABDISALAM, Morisset S, Baouche S, Dulieu F. Desorption of physisorbed molecular oxygen from coronene films and graphite surfaces. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194307. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0087870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a study on the adsorption and desorption of molecular oxygen (O2) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and on coronene films deposited on it. To this end, DFT calculations were performed and experiments were made using the FORMOLISM device, which combines ultra-high vacuum, cryogenics, atomic or molecular beam and mass spectrometry techniques. We first studied the desorption kinetics of dioxygen (O2) on a coronene film and on graphite at 15K, using the TPD (Themally Programmed Desorption) technique. We observed that the desorption of O2 occurs at a lower temperature on coronene than on graphite. We deduce the binding energies which are 12.5 kJ/mol on graphite and 10.6 kJ/mol on coronene films (preexponentiel factor of 6.88x10^14 s^-1) . The graphite surfaces partially covered with coronene show both adsorption energies. These results are in good agreement with theoretical calculations, using as surfaces graphene and coronene adsorbed on graphene. It appears that O2 is better bound parallel to the surface and has a preference for the inner sites of the coronene
Collapse
|
3
|
Bergantini A, de Barros ALF, Toribio NN, Rothard H, Boduch P, da Silveira EF. Infrared Spectroscopic Study on Swift-Ion Irradiation of Solid N 2O-H 2O Samples: Synthesis of N-O Bearing Species in Astrophysical Ices. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2007-2017. [PMID: 35302766 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As of early 2022, only six species bearing an N-O bond have been detected toward cold molecular clouds and regions of star formation. It is not clear yet if the small number of N-O bond species found in the interstellar medium so far stems from physical and technological limitations of astronomical detection techniques, or whether in fact molecules that bear an N-O bond are for some reason rare in these objects of the interstellar medium. Astronomical N-O bearing molecules are important because they are part of astrochemical models which propose that they are precursors of hydroxylamine (NH2OH), a species linked to the formation of prebiotic amino acids in space. The aim of this study is the better understanding of the open question of the interstellar synthesis of N-O bearing species. We have analyzed by infrared spectroscopy an astrophysically relevant polar ice mixture of N2O:H2O processed by 90 MeV 136Xe23+ ions, which can mimic the physicochemical processes triggered by cosmic rays in water-covered interstellar ice grains. The results show the formation of N2O3 and of H2O2, but no HN-O species of any kind were detected. Such findings are discussed in light of recent studies from our group and from the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bergantini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Avenida Maracanã 229, 20271-110, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Ferreira de Barros
- Department of Physics, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Avenida Maracanã 229, 20271-110, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Naomi Nitahara Toribio
- Department of Physics, Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Avenida Maracanã 229, 20271-110, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hermann Rothard
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/UNICAEN/Normandie Université), CIMAP-CIRIL-Ganil, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, CS 65133, Caen 14076 Cedex 5, France
| | - Philippe Boduch
- Centre de Recherche sur les Ions, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CEA/CNRS/ENSICAEN/UNICAEN/Normandie Université), CIMAP-CIRIL-Ganil, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, CS 65133, Caen 14076 Cedex 5, France
| | - Enio Frota da Silveira
- Department of Physics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, 22451-900, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Congiu E, Sow A, Nguyen T, Baouche S, Dulieu F. A new multi-beam apparatus for the study of surface chemistry routes to formation of complex organic molecules in space. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:124504. [PMID: 33379980 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A multi-beam ultra-high vacuum apparatus is presented. In this article, we describe the design and construction of a new laboratory astrophysics experiment-VErs de NoUvelles Synthèses (VENUS)-that recreates the solid-state non-energetic formation conditions of complex organic molecules in dark clouds and circumstellar environments. The novel implementation of four operational differentially pumped beam lines will be used to determine the feasibility and the rates for the various reactions that contribute to formation of molecules containing more than six atoms. Data are collected by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry. The gold-coated sample holder reaches temperatures between 7 K and 400 K. The apparatus was carefully calibrated and the acquisition system was developed to ensure that experimental parameters are recorded as accurately as possible. A great effort has been made to have the beam lines converge toward the sample. Experiments have been developed to check the beam alignment using reacting systems of neutral species (NH3 and H2CO). Preliminary original results were obtained for the {NO + H} system, which shows that chemistry occurs only in the very first outer layer of the deposited species, that is, the chemical layer and the physical layer coincide. This article illustrates the characteristics, performance, and future potential of the new apparatus in view of the forthcoming launch of the James Webb Space Telescope. We show that VENUS will have a major impact through its contributions to surface science and astrochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Congiu
- CY Cergy Paris Université, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000 Cergy, France
| | - A Sow
- CY Cergy Paris Université, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000 Cergy, France
| | - T Nguyen
- CY Cergy Paris Université, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000 Cergy, France
| | - S Baouche
- CY Cergy Paris Université, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000 Cergy, France
| | - F Dulieu
- CY Cergy Paris Université, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000 Cergy, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dulieu F, Nguyen T, Congiu E, Baouche S, Taquet V. Efficient formation route of the prebiotic molecule formamide on interstellar dust grains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Dulieu
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - T Nguyen
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - E Congiu
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - S Baouche
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, LERMA, F-95000, Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - V Taquet
- Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, Firenze, I-50125, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsegaw YA, Góbi S, Förstel M, Maksyutenko P, Sander W, Kaiser RI. Formation of Hydroxylamine in Low-Temperature Interstellar Model Ices. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7477-7493. [PMID: 28892389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yetsedaw A. Tsegaw
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl
für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Langlois GG, Li W, Gibson KD, Sibener SJ. Capture of Hyperthermal CO2 by Amorphous Water Ice via Molecular Embedding. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:12238-44. [PMID: 26275022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present the first study detailing the capture and aggregation of hyperthermal CO2 molecules by amorphous solid water (ASW) under ultra-high vacuum conditions at 125 K, near the amorphous/crystalline transition. Using time-resolved in situ reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), CO2 molecules with translational energies above 3.0 eV are observed to directly embed underneath the vacuum-solid interface to become absorbed within the ice films despite an inability to adsorb at 125 K; this behavior is not observed for crystalline films. Upon embedding, the mobility of CO2 within 125 K amorphous ice and the strength of its intermolecular interactions result in its segregation into clusters within the ice films. Tracing the kinetics of CO2 embedding events under different energetic conditions allows for elucidation of the underlying dynamics, and we draw comparison with other projectiles we have studied to promote generalized conclusions in regard to empirical prediction of a projectile's embedding probability. Through application of a classical model of the entrance barrier for projectiles colliding with amorphous ice, we provide direct evidence for a unified connection between embedding probability and projectile momentum; an account of all embedding data measured by our group traces a unified barrier model. This work highlights the interplay between translational energy and momentum accommodation during collisions with ice in high speed gas flows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant G Langlois
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wenxin Li
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - K D Gibson
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - S J Sibener
- The James Franck Institute and Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago , 929 E. 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McGuire BA, Carroll PB, Dollhopf NM, Crockett NR, Corby JF, Loomis RA, M. Burkhardt A, Shingledecker C, Blake GA, Remijan AJ. CSO AND CARMA OBSERVATIONS OF L1157. I. A DEEP SEARCH FOR HYDROXYLAMINE (NH2OH). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/812/1/76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
He J, Vidali G, Lemaire JL, Garrod RT. FORMATION OF HYDROXYLAMINE ON DUST GRAINS VIA AMMONIA OXIDATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/799/1/49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
11
|
Siemer B, Roling S, Frigge R, Hoger T, Mitzner R, Zacharias H. Free-electron laser induced processes in thin molecular ice. Faraday Discuss 2014; 168:553-69. [PMID: 25302398 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Intermolecular reactions in and on icy films on silicate and carbonaceous grains constitute a major route for the formation of new molecular constituents in interstellar molecular clouds. In more diffuse regions and in protoplanetary discs, energetic radiation can trigger reaction routes far from thermal equilibrium. As an analog of interstellar ice-covered dust grains, highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) covered with D2O, NO, and H atoms is irradiated by ultrashort XUV pulses and the desorbing ionic and neutral products are analysed. The yields of several products show a nonlinear intensity dependence and thus enable the elucidation of reaction dynamics by two-pulse correlated desorption.
Collapse
|
12
|
Minissale M, Dulieu F. Influence of surface coverage on the chemical desorption process. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:014304. [PMID: 25005286 DOI: 10.1063/1.4885847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cold astrophysical environments, some molecules are observed in the gas phase whereas they should have been depleted, frozen on dust grains. In order to solve this problem, astrochemists have proposed that a fraction of molecules synthesized on the surface of dust grains could desorb just after their formation. Recently the chemical desorption process has been demonstrated experimentally, but the key parameters at play have not yet been fully understood. In this article, we propose a new procedure to analyze the ratio of di-oxygen and ozone synthesized after O atoms adsorption on oxidized graphite. We demonstrate that the chemical desorption efficiency of the two reaction paths (O+O and O+O2) is different by one order of magnitude. We show the importance of the surface coverage: for the O+O reaction, the chemical desorption efficiency is close to 80% at zero coverage and tends to zero at one monolayer coverage. The coverage dependence of O+O chemical desorption is proved by varying the amount of pre-adsorbed N2 on the substrate from 0 to 1.5 ML. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the different physical parameters that could play a role in the chemical desorption process: binding energy, enthalpy of formation, and energy transfer from the new molecule to the surface or to other adsorbates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Minissale
- LERMA, Université de Cergy Pontoise et Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8112 du CNRS. 5, mail Gay Lussac, 95031 Cergy Pontoise, France
| | - F Dulieu
- LERMA, Université de Cergy Pontoise et Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8112 du CNRS. 5, mail Gay Lussac, 95031 Cergy Pontoise, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Minissale M, Congiu E, Dulieu F. Oxygen diffusion and reactivity at low temperature on bare amorphous olivine-type silicate. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:074705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4864657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
14
|
Ioppolo S, Fedoseev G, Minissale M, Congiu E, Dulieu F, Linnartz H. Solid state chemistry of nitrogen oxides – Part II: surface consumption of NO2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8270-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54918f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient surface destruction mechanisms (NO2 + H/O/N), leading to solid H2O, NH2OH, and N2O, can explain the non-detection of NO2 in space.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ioppolo
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena, USA
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University Nijmegen
| | - G. Fedoseev
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Minissale
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - E. Congiu
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - F. Dulieu
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - H. Linnartz
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ioppolo S, McGuire BA, Allodi MA, Blake GA. THz and mid-IR spectroscopy of interstellar ice analogs: methyl and carboxylic acid groups. Faraday Discuss 2014; 168:461-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00154g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental problem in astrochemistry concerns the synthesis and survival of complex organic molecules (COMs) throughout the process of star and planet formation. While it is generally accepted that most complex molecules and prebiotic species form in the solid phase on icy grain particles, a complete understanding of the formation pathways is still largely lacking. To take full advantage of the enormous number of available THz observations (e.g.,Herschel Space Observatory, SOFIA, and ALMA), laboratory analogs must be studied systematically. Here, we present the THz (0.3–7.5 THz; 10–250 cm−1) and mid–IR (400–4000 cm−1) spectra of astrophysically-relevant species that share the same functional groups, including formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH), and acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and acetone ((CH3)2CO), compared to more abundant interstellar molecules such as water (H2O), methanol (CH3OH), and carbon monoxide (CO). A suite of pure and mixed binary ices are discussed. The effects on the spectra due to the composition and the structure of the ice at different temperatures are shown. Our results demonstrate that THz spectra are sensitive to reversible and irreversible transformations within the ice caused by thermal processing, suggesting that THz spectra can be used to study the composition, structure, and thermal history of interstellar ices. Moreover, the THz spectrum of an individual species depends on the functional group(s) within that molecule. Thus, future THz studies of different functional groups will help in characterizing the chemistry and physics of the interstellar medium (ISM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ioppolo
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena, USA
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University Nijmegen
| | - B. A. McGuire
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena, USA
| | - M. A. Allodi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena, USA
| | - G. A. Blake
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena, USA
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- California Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Minissale M, Fedoseev G, Congiu E, Ioppolo S, Dulieu F, Linnartz H. Solid state chemistry of nitrogen oxides – Part I: surface consumption of NO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8257-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54917h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NO2 is efficiently formed in the solid state via NO + O/O2/O3 reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Minissale
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - G. Fedoseev
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E. Congiu
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - S. Ioppolo
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena, USA
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University Nijmegen
| | - F. Dulieu
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - H. Linnartz
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Congiu E, Minissale M, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Cazaux S, Manicò G, Pirronello V, Dulieu F. Efficient diffusive mechanisms of O atoms at very low temperatures on surfaces of astrophysical interest. Faraday Discuss 2014; 168:151-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At the low temperatures of interstellar dust grains, it is well established that surface chemistry proceeds via diffusive mechanisms of H atoms weakly bound (physisorbed) to the surface. Until recently, however, it was unknown whether atoms heavier than hydrogen could diffuse rapidly enough on interstellar grains to react with other accreted species. In addition, models still require simple reduction as well as oxidation reactions to occur on grains to explain the abundances of various molecules. In this paper we investigate O-atom diffusion and reactivity on a variety of astrophysically relevant surfaces (water ice of three different morphologies, silicate, and graphite) in the 6.5–25 K temperature range. Experimental values were used to derive a diffusion law that emphasizes that O atoms diffuse by quantum mechanical tunnelling at temperatures as low as 6.5 K. The rates of diffusion on each surface, based on modelling results, were calculated and an empirical law is given as a function of the surface temperature. The relative diffusion rates are kH2Oice > ksil > kgraph ≫ kexpected. The implications of efficient O-atom diffusion over astrophysically relevant time-scales are discussed. Our findings show that O atoms can scan any available reaction partners (e.g., either another H atom, if available, or a surface radical like O or OH) at a faster rate than that of accretion. Also, as dense clouds mature, H2 becomes far more abundant than H and the O : H ratio grows, and the reactivity of O atoms on grains is such that O becomes one of the dominant reactive partners together with H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Congiu
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Marco Minissale
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Saoud Baouche
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Henda Chaabouni
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Audrey Moudens
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | | | - Giulio Manicò
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia
- Università di Catania
- 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Valerio Pirronello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia
- Università di Catania
- 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - François Dulieu
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dulieu F, Congiu E, Noble J, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Minissale M, Cazaux S. How micron-sized dust particles determine the chemistry of our Universe. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1338. [PMID: 23439221 PMCID: PMC3581832 DOI: 10.1038/srep01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the environments where stars and planets form, about one percent of the mass is in the form of micro-meter sized particles known as dust. However small and insignificant these dust grains may seem, they are responsible for the production of the simplest (H(2)) to the most complex (amino-acids) molecules observed in our Universe. Dust particles are recognized as powerful nano-factories that produce chemical species. However, the mechanism that converts species on dust to gas species remains elusive. Here we report experimental evidence that species forming on interstellar dust analogs can be directly released into the gas. This process, entitled chemical desorption (fig. 1), can dominate over the chemistry due to the gas phase by more than ten orders of magnitude. It also determines which species remain on the surface and are available to participate in the subsequent complex chemistry that forms the molecules necessary for the emergence of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Dulieu
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, ENS, UPMC 8112 du CNRS, Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Minissale M, Congiu E, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Dulieu F, Accolla M, Cazaux S, Manicó G, Pirronello V. Quantum tunneling of oxygen atoms on very cold surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:053201. [PMID: 23952395 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Any evolving system can change state via thermal mechanisms (hopping a barrier) or via quantum tunneling. Most of the time, efficient classical mechanisms dominate at high temperatures. This is why an increase of the temperature can initiate the chemistry. We present here an experimental investigation of O-atom diffusion and reactivity on water ice. We explore the 6-25 K temperature range at submonolayer surface coverages. We derive the diffusion temperature law and observe the transition from quantum to classical diffusion. Despite the high mass of O, quantum tunneling is efficient even at 6 K. As a consequence, the solid-state astrochemistry of cold regions should be reconsidered and should include the possibility of forming larger organic molecules than previously expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Minissale
- Université de Cergy Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris, ENS, UPMC, UMR 8112 du CNRS 5, mail Gay Lussac, 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ioppolo S, Fedoseev G, Lamberts T, Romanzin C, Linnartz H. SURFRESIDE(2): an ultrahigh vacuum system for the investigation of surface reaction routes of interstellar interest. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:073112. [PMID: 23902049 DOI: 10.1063/1.4816135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new ultrahigh vacuum experiment is described to study atom and radical addition reactions in interstellar ice analogues for astronomically relevant temperatures. The new setup - SURFace REaction SImulation DEvice (SURFRESIDE(2)) - allows a systematic investigation of solid state pathways resulting in the formation of molecules of astrophysical interest. The implementation of a double beam line makes it possible to expose deposited ice molecules to different atoms and/or radicals sequentially or at the same time. Special efforts are made to perform experiments under fully controlled laboratory conditions, including precise atom flux determinations, in order to characterize reaction channels quantitatively. In this way, we can compare and combine different surface reaction channels with the aim to unravel the solid state processes at play in space. Results are constrained in situ by means of a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a quadrupole mass spectrometer using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption, respectively. The performance of the new setup is demonstrated on the example of carbon dioxide formation by comparing the efficiency through two different solid state channels (CO + OH → CO2 + H and CO + O → CO2) for which different addition products are needed. The potential of SURFRESIDE(2) to study complex molecule formation, including nitrogen containing (prebiotic) compounds, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ioppolo
- Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Minissale M, Congiu E, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Dulieu F, Manicó G, Pirronello V. Formation of nitrogen oxides via NO+O2 gas–solid reaction on cold surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Chaabouni H, Minissale M, Manicò G, Congiu E, Noble JA, Baouche S, Accolla M, Lemaire JL, Pirronello V, Dulieu F. Water formation through O2 + D pathway on cold silicate and amorphous water ice surfaces of interstellar interest. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:234706. [PMID: 23267497 DOI: 10.1063/1.4771663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Chaabouni
- LERMA, UMR 8112 du CNRS, de l'Observatoire de Paris et de l'Université de Cergy Pontoise, 5 mail Gay Lussac, 95000 Cergy Pontoise Cedex, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fedoseev G, Ioppolo S, Lamberts T, Zhen JF, Cuppen HM, Linnartz H. Efficient surface formation route of interstellar hydroxylamine through NO hydrogenation. II. The multilayer regime in interstellar relevant ices. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:054714. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4738893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|