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Cyriac J, Pradeep T, Kang H, Souda R, Cooks RG. Low-Energy Ionic Collisions at Molecular Solids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5356-411. [DOI: 10.1021/cr200384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Cyriac
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
| | - T. Pradeep
- DST Unit of
Nanoscience, Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - H. Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-747,
Republic of Korea
| | - R. Souda
- International
Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - R. G. Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United
States
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2
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Vázquez SA, Morris JR, Rahaman A, Mazyar OA, Vayner G, Addepalli SV, Hase WL, Martínez-Núñez E. Inelastic Scattering Dynamics of Ar from a Perfluorinated Self-Assembled Monolayer Surface. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:12785-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076431m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saulo A. Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and High Performance Computing Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - John R. Morris
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and High Performance Computing Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Asif Rahaman
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and High Performance Computing Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Oleg A. Mazyar
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and High Performance Computing Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Grigoriy Vayner
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and High Performance Computing Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Srirangam V. Addepalli
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and High Performance Computing Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - William L. Hase
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and High Performance Computing Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
| | - Emilio Martínez-Núñez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, and High Performance Computing Center, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409
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3
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Gou F, Gleeson MA, Kleyn AW. Theoretical modeling of energy redistribution and stereodynamics in CF scattering from Si(100) under grazing incidence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:5522-34. [PMID: 17136267 DOI: 10.1039/b611739b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have simulated CF scattering from Si(100) using the molecular dynamics method. Translational energy loss spectra are presented. The shape of the energy loss distribution as a result of internal energy release is analyzed. At the classical turning point, the internal energy of the molecule is mainly in the form of rotational energy. The strong rotational excitation results in additional molecule-surfaces interactions during the latter half of the collision. These additional collisions permit some molecules that initially gain internal energy exceeding the bond strength to ultimately survive the collision process via rotational de-excitation. The rotational motion exhibited by surviving molecules is determined by the combination of the molecular axis orientation and the local surface structure during the collision process. The rotation planes of the surviving molecules are preferentially aligned with the surface normal (cartwheel-like and propeller-like motions). In this study, propeller-like motion of the surviving molecules is predicted. The majority of surviving molecules exhibit a cartwheel-like motion. However, molecules that gain a propeller-like rotation exhibit a much better alignment of their planes-of-rotation compared with molecules exhibiting cartwheel-like motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Gou
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jasík J, Zabka J, Feketeova L, Ipolyi I, Märk TD, Herman Z. Collisions of Slow Polyatomic Ions with Surfaces: Dissociation and Chemical Reactions of C2H2+•, C2H3+, C2H4+•, C2H5+, and Their Deuterated Variants C2D2+• and C2D4+• on Room-Temperature and Heated Carbon Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:10208-15. [PMID: 16833313 DOI: 10.1021/jp053064a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of C2Hn+ (n = 2-5) hydrocarbon ions and some of their isotopic variants with room-temperature and heated (600 degrees C) highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces was investigated over the range of incident energies 11-46 eV and an incident angle of 60 degrees with respect to the surface normal. The work is an extension of our earlier research on surface interactions of CHn+ (n = 3-5) ions. Mass spectra, translational energy distributions, and angular distributions of product ions were measured. Collisions with the HOPG surface heated to 600 degrees C showed only partial or substantial dissociation of the projectile ions; translational energy distributions of the product ions peaked at about 50% of the incident energy. Interactions with the HOPG surface at room temperature showed both surface-induced dissociation of the projectiles and, in the case of radical cation projectiles C2H2+* and C2H4+*, chemical reactions with the hydrocarbons on the surface. These reactions were (i) H-atom transfer to the projectile, formation of protonated projectiles, and their subsequent fragmentation and (ii) formation of a carbon chain build-up product in reactions of the projectile ion with a terminal CH3-group of the surface hydrocarbons and subsequent fragmentation of the product ion to C3H3+. The product ions were formed in inelastic collisions in which the translational energy of the surface-excited projectile peaked at about 32% of the incident energy. Angular distributions of reaction products showed peaking at subspecular angles close to 68 degrees (heated surfaces) and 72 degrees (room-temperature surfaces). The absolute survival probability at the incident angle of 60 degrees was about 0.1% for C2H2+*, close to 1% for C2H4+* and C2H5+, and about 3-6% for C2H3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Jasík
- V. Cermak Laboratory, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Laskin J, Futrell JH. Activation of large ions in FT-ICR mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2005; 24:135-167. [PMID: 15389858 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The advent of soft ionization techniques, notably electrospray and laser desorption ionization methods, has enabled the extension of mass spectrometric methods to large molecules and molecular complexes. This both greatly extends the applications of mass spectrometry and makes the activation and dissociation of complex ions an integral part of these applications. This review emphasizes the most promising methods for activation and dissociation of complex ions and presents this discussion in the context of general knowledge of reaction kinetics and dynamics largely established for small ions. We then introduce the characteristic differences associated with the higher number of internal degrees of freedom and high density of states associated with molecular complexity. This is reflected primarily in the kinetics of unimolecular dissociation of complex ions, particularly their slow decay and the higher energy content required to induce decomposition--the kinetic shift (KS). The longer trapping time of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) significantly reduces the KS, which presents several advantages over other methods for the investigation of dissociation of complex molecules. After discussing general principles of reaction dynamics related to collisional activation of ions, we describe conventional ways to achieve single- and multiple-collision activation in FT-ICR MS. Sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI)--the simplest and most robust means of introducing the multiple collision activation process--is discussed in greatest detail. Details of implementation of this technique, required control of experimental parameters, limitations, and examples of very successful application of SORI-CID are described. The advantages of high mass resolving power and the ability to carry out several stages of mass selection and activation intrinsic to FT-ICR MS are demonstrated in several examples. Photodissociation of ions from small molecules can be effected using IR or UV/vis lasers and generally requires tuning lasers to specific wavelengths and/or utilizing high flux, multiphoton excitation to match energy levels in the ion. Photodissociation of complex ions is much easier to accomplish from the basic physics perspective. The quasi-continuum of vibrational states at room temperature makes it very easy to pump relatively large amounts of energy into complex ions and infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) is a powerful technique for characterizing large ions, particularly biologically relevant molecules. Since both SORI-CID and IRMPD are slow activation methods they have many common characteristics. They are also distinctly different because SORI-CID is intrinsically selective (only ions that have a cyclotron frequency close to the frequency of the excitation field are excited), whereas IRMPD is not (all ions that reside on the optical path of the laser are excited). There are advantages and disadvantages to each technique and in many applications they complement each other. In contrast with these slow activation methods, the less widely appreciated activation method of surface induced dissociation (SID) appears to offer unique advantages because excitation in SID occurs on a sub-picosecond time scale, instantaneously relative to the observation time of any mass spectrometer. Internal energy deposition is quite efficient and readily adjusted by altering the kinetic energy of the impacting ion. The shattering transition--instantaneous decomposition of the ion on the surface--observed at high collision energies enables access to dissociation channels that are not accessible using SORI-CID or IRMPD. Finally, we discuss some approaches for tailoring the surface to achieve particular aims in SID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Fundamental Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 (K8-88), Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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6
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Shoji F. Evidence of dissociative collision induced diatomic and triatomic hydrogen ion formation from hydrocarbon ion interaction with silicon surface. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:7053-6. [PMID: 15473770 DOI: 10.1063/1.1802591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A singly charged hydrocarbon ion CH(x) (+) (x=0,1,2,3,4) was extracted from an electron bombardment type ion source using methane as the reagent gas and irradiated onto the Si(100) surface at glancing angle. Scattered ion spectrometry using an electrostatic energy analyzer revealed that H(+), H(2) (+), and H(3) (+) ions were clearly formed at the scattering angle of 15 degrees , associated with dissociative collisions of hydrocarbon ion species of incidence energy of 1000 eV. The formation of H(3) (+) was tentatively interpreted as resulting from combination of excited atomic hydrogen produced by dissociative collisions of CH(4) (+) ions with Si(100) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Shoji
- Graduate school of Engineering, Kyushu Kyoritsu University, Yahatanishi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8585, Japan.
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7
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Jang I, Sinnott SB. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Chemical Modification of Polystyrene through CxFy+ Beam Deposition. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp049283y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inkook Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6400
| | - Susan B. Sinnott
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6400
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Laskin J, Futrell JH. Energy transfer in collisions of peptide ions with surfaces. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1589739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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9
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Shukla AK, Futrell JH, Sen AD. Dynamics of the dissociative and nondissociative scattering of hyperthermal CS2+ from a self-assembled fluoroalkyl monolayer surface on gold substrate. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1574311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Žabka J, Dolejšek Z, Herman Z. Energy Partitioning in Collisions of Slow Polyatomic Ions with Surfaces: Ethanol Molecular Ions on Surfaces Covered by Self-Assembled Monolayers (CF-SAM, CH-SAM, COOH-SAM). J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Žabka
- V. Čermák Laboratory, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dolejšek
- V. Čermák Laboratory, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Herman
- V. Čermák Laboratory, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, CZ-182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Hahn JR, Lee CW, Han SJ, Lahaye RJWE, Kang H. Low-Energy Cs+ Scattering from Water on Pt(111): A Kinetic Energy Analysis of the Cs+−Water Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0203402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Hahn
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - C. W. Lee
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - S.-J. Han
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - R. J. W. E. Lahaye
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - H. Kang
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Kwanak-ku, Seoul 151-742, South Korea, and Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
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12
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Roithová J, Žabka J, Dolejšek Z, Herman Z. Collisions of Slow Polyatomic Ions with Surfaces: Dissociation and Chemical Reactions of CD5+, CD4+•, CD3+, and Their Isotopic Variants on Room-Temperature and Heated Carbon Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025811z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- V. Čermák Laboratory, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Žabka
- V. Čermák Laboratory, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dolejšek
- V. Čermák Laboratory, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Herman
- V. Čermák Laboratory, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Hillenkamp M, Jester SS, Kappes MM. Probing surface properties with hyperthermal polyatomic ions: Scattering of C60+ from highly oriented pyrolitic graphite, Au (111), and n-alkylthiol self-assembled monolayers. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1461365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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14
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Rakov VS, Denisov EV, Laskin J, Futrell JH. Surface-Induced Dissociation of the Benzene Molecular Cation in Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010245d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sergey Rakov
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 (K8-84), Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Eduard. V. Denisov
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 (K8-84), Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Julia Laskin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 (K8-84), Richland, Washington 99352
| | - Jean H. Futrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, P.O. Box 999 (K8-84), Richland, Washington 99352
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Lourenço J, Carrapa R, Teodoro O, Moutinho A, Gleeson M, Los J, Kleyn A. Positive and negative ion emission from perfluorinated poly-ethers. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00119-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Los J, Gleeson MA, Koppers WR, Weeding TL, Kleyn AW. Inelastic scattering of molecules from a liquid polymer surface. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Hillenkamp M, Pfister J, Kappes MM, Webb RP. Glancing incidence scattering of hyperthermal He+, Xe+, and C60+ from graphite: Angular and velocity distributions of neutrals. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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18
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Pradeep T, Shen J, Evans C, Cooks RG. Reactive Ion Scattering from Surfaces Bearing Isomeric Chlorinated Adsorbates. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac990402t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jianwei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chris Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - R. G. Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Pradeep T, Evans C, Shen J, Cooks RG. Adsorbate Geometry Distinction in Arenethiols by Ion/Surface Reactive Collisions. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9903099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chris Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jianwei Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - R. Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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20
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Koppers WR, Gleeson MA, Lourenço J, Weeding TL, Los J, Kleyn AW. Dissociative scattering of fluorocarbon ions from a liquid surface at hyperthermal incident energies. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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21
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Hampe O, Gerhardt P, Gilb S, Kappes MM. Ion-pair formation in near-thermal energy collisions of sodium clusters with electron acceptors. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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de Maaijer-Gielbert J, Somogyi Á, Wysocki VH, Kistemaker PG, Weeding TL. Surface-induced dissociation of diphenyl ether. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(97)00292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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