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Wang X, Wang Z, Gao P, Zhang C, Lv J, Wang H, Liu H, Wang Y, Ma Y. Data-driven prediction of complex crystal structures of dense lithium. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2924. [PMID: 37217498 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is a prototypical simple metal at ambient conditions, but exhibits remarkable changes in structural and electronic properties under compression. There has been intense debate about the structure of dense Li, and recent experiments offered fresh evidence for yet undetermined crystalline phases near the enigmatic melting minimum region in the pressure-temperature phase diagram of Li. Here, we report on an extensive exploration of the energy landscape of Li using an advanced crystal structure search method combined with a machine-learning approach, which greatly expands the scale of structure search, leading to the prediction of four complex Li crystal structures containing up to 192 atoms in the unit cell that are energetically competitive with known Li structures. These findings provide a viable solution to the observed yet unidentified crystalline phases of Li, and showcase the predictive power of the global structure search method for discovering complex crystal structures in conjunction with accurate machine learning potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Fenghao East Road 2, 100094, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- DP Technology, 100080, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
| | - Han Wang
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Fenghao East Road 2, 100094, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
- HEDPS, CAPT, College of Engineering, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Fenghao East Road 2, 100094, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Duan D, Liu Z, Lin Z, Song H, Xie H, Cui T, Pickard CJ, Miao M. Multistep Dissociation of Fluorine Molecules under Extreme Compression. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:225704. [PMID: 34152171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.225704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
All elements that form diatomic molecules, such as H_{2}, N_{2}, O_{2}, Cl_{2}, Br_{2}, and I_{2}, are destined to become atomic solids under sufficiently high pressure. However, as revealed by many experimental and theoretical studies, these elements show very different propensity and transition paths due to the balance of reduced volume, lone pair electrons, and interatomic bonds. The study of F under pressure can illuminate this intricate behavior since F, owing to its unique position on the periodic table, can be compared with H, with N and O, and also with other halogens. Nevertheless, F remains the only element whose solid structure evolution under pressure has not been thoroughly studied. Using a large-scale crystal structure search method based on first principles calculations, we find that, before reaching an atomic phase, F solid transforms first into a structure consisting of F_{2} molecules and F polymer chains and then into a structure consisting of F polymer chains and F atoms, a distinctive evolution with pressure that has not been seen in any other elements. Both intermediate structures are found to be metallic and become superconducting, a result that adds F to the elemental superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhengtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tian Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Maosheng Miao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Northridge, California 91220, USA
- Department of Earth Science, University of California Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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Shi J, Fonda E, Botti S, Marques MAL, Shinmei T, Irifune T, Flank AM, Lagarde P, Polian A, Itié JP, San-Miguel A. Halogen molecular modifications at high pressure: the case of iodine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3321-3326. [PMID: 33507189 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05942k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metallization and dissociation are key transformations in diatomic molecules at high densities particularly significant for modeling giant planets. Using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and atomistic modeling, we demonstrate that in halogens, the formation of a connected molecular structure takes place at pressures well below metallization. Here we show that the iodine diatomic molecule first elongates by ∼0.007 Å up to a critical pressure of Pc ∼ 7 GPa, developing bonds between molecules. Then its length continuously decreases with pressure up to 15-20 GPa. Universal trends in halogens are shown and allow us to predict for chlorine a pressure of 42 ± 8 GPa for molecular bond-length reversal. Our findings contribute to tackling the molecule invariability paradigm in diatomic molecular phases at high pressures and may be generalized to other abundant diatomic molecules in the universe, including hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Shi
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Lyon, France. and School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Emiliano Fonda
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Silvana Botti
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie und -Optik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility
| | - Miguel A L Marques
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, and Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Toru Shinmei
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Irifune
- Geodynamics Research Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan and Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Anne-Marie Flank
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Lagarde
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alain Polian
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France and IMPMC-CNRS UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, B115, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Paul Itié
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alfonso San-Miguel
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Lyon, France.
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4
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Olson MA, Bhatia S, Larson P, Militzer B. Prediction of chlorine and fluorine crystal structures at high pressure using symmetry driven structure search with geometric constraints. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:094111. [PMID: 32891084 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-pressure properties of fluorine and chlorine are not yet well understood because both are highly reactive and volatile elements, which have made conducting diamond anvil cell and x-ray diffraction experiments a challenge. Here, we use ab initio methods to search for stable crystal structures of both elements at megabar pressures. We demonstrate how symmetry and geometric constraints can be combined to efficiently generate crystal structures that are composed of diatomic molecules. Our algorithm extends the symmetry driven structure search method [R. Domingos et al., Phys. Rev. B 98, 174107 (2018)] by adding constraints for the bond length and the number of atoms in a molecule while still maintaining generality. As a method of validation, we have tested our approach for dense hydrogen and reproduced the known molecular structures of Cmca-12 and Cmca-4. We apply our algorithm to study chlorine and fluorine in the pressure range of 10 GPa-4000 GPa while considering crystal structures with up to 40 atoms per unit cell. We predict chlorine to follow the same series of phase transformations as elemental iodine from Cmca to Immm to Fm3¯m, but at substantially higher pressures. We predict fluorine to transition from a C2/c to Cmca structure at 70 GPa, to a novel orthorhombic and metallic structure with P42/mmc symmetry at 2500 GPa, and finally to its cubic analog form with Pm3¯n symmetry at 3000 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Olson
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shefali Bhatia
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Paul Larson
- Department of Mathematics, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
| | - Burkhard Militzer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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5
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Band gap closure, incommensurability and molecular dissociation of dense chlorine. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1134. [PMID: 30850606 PMCID: PMC6408506 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatomic elemental solids are highly compressible due to the weak interactions between molecules. However, as the density increases the intra- and intermolecular distances become comparable, leading to a range of phenomena, such as structural transformation, molecular dissociation, amorphization, and metallisation. Here we report, following the crystallization of chlorine at 1.15(30) GPa into an ordered orthorhombic structure (oC8), the existence of a mixed-molecular structure (mC8, 130(10)-241(10) GPa) and the concomitant observation of a continuous band gap closure, indicative of a transformation into a metallic molecular form around 200(10) GPa. The onset of dissociation of chlorine is identified by the observation of the incommensurate structure (i-oF4) above 200(10) GPa, before finally adopting a monatomic form (oI2) above 256(10) GPa.
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Abstract
Crystal structure prediction at high pressures unbiased by any prior known structure information has recently become a topic of considerable interest. We here present a short overview of recently developed structure prediction methods and propose current challenges for crystal structure prediction. We focus on first-principles crystal structure prediction at high pressures, paying particular attention to novel high pressure structures uncovered by efficient structure prediction methods. Finally, a brief perspective on the outstanding issues that remain to be solved and some directions for future structure prediction researches at high pressure are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yanming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Hejny C, Minkov VS. High-pressure crystallography of periodic and aperiodic crystals. IUCRJ 2015; 2:218-29. [PMID: 25866659 PMCID: PMC4392772 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514025482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
More than five decades have passed since the first single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments at high pressure were performed. These studies were applied historically to geochemical processes occurring in the Earth and other planets, but high-pressure crystallography has spread across different fields of science including chemistry, physics, biology, materials science and pharmacy. With each passing year, high-pressure studies have become more precise and comprehensive because of the development of instrumentation and software, and the systems investigated have also become more complicated. Starting with crystals of simple minerals and inorganic compounds, the interests of researchers have shifted to complicated metal-organic frameworks, aperiodic crystals and quasicrystals, molecular crystals, and even proteins and viruses. Inspired by contributions to the microsymposium 'High-Pressure Crystallography of Periodic and Aperiodic Crystals' presented at the 23rd IUCr Congress and General Assembly, the authors have tried to summarize certain recent results of single-crystal studies of molecular and aperiodic structures under high pressure. While the selected contributions do not cover the whole spectrum of high-pressure research, they demonstrate the broad diversity of novel and fascinating results and may awaken the reader's interest in this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clivia Hejny
- Mineralogy and Petrography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vasily S. Minkov
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 18 Kutateladze Street, Novosibirsk 630128, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogov Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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Steenbergen KG, Gaston N, Müller C, Paulus B. Method of increments for the halogen molecular crystals: Cl, Br, and I. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:124707. [PMID: 25273461 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Method of increments (MI) calculations reveal the n-body correlation contributions to binding in solid chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Secondary binding contributions as well as d-correlation energies are estimated and compared between each solid halogen. We illustrate that binding is entirely determined by two-body correlation effects, which account for >80% of the total correlation energy. One-body, three-body, and exchange contributions are repulsive. Using density-fitting (DF) local coupled-cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples for incremental calculations, we obtain excellent agreement with the experimental cohesive energies. MI results from DF local second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (LMP2) yield considerably over-bound cohesive energies. Comparative calculations with density functional theory and periodic LMP2 method are also shown to be less accurate for the solid halogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista G Steenbergen
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Gaston
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Carsten Müller
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Paulus
- Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang W, Oganov AR, Goncharov AF, Zhu Q, Boulfelfel SE, Lyakhov AO, Stavrou E, Somayazulu M, Prakapenka VB, Konopkova Z. Unexpected Stable Stoichiometries of Sodium Chlorides. Science 2013; 342:1502-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1244989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Hermann A, Hoffmann R, Ashcroft NW. Condensed astatine: monatomic and metallic. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:116404. [PMID: 24074111 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.116404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The condensed matter properties of the nominal terminating element of the halogen group with atomic number 85, astatine, are as yet unknown. In the intervening more than 70 years since its discovery significant advances have been made in substrate cooling and the other techniques necessary for the production of the element to the point where we might now enquire about the key properties astatine might have if it attained a condensed phase. This subject is addressed here using density functional theory and structural selection methods, with an accounting for relativistic physics that is essential. Condensed astatine is predicted to be quite different in fascinating ways from iodine, being already at 1 atm a metal, and monatomic at that, and possibly a superconductor (as is dense iodine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hermann
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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