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Yang H, Hu YF, Yuan YQ, Li QY, Xi SG, Li YY, Yang J, Lin W. Structural and electronic configuration of medium-sized strontium doped magnesium Sr mMg n clusters and their anions. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04116a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Typical stable structures are employed to reflect the bonding characteristics of clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Yan Fei Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yu Quan Yuan
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Qing Yang Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Song Guo Xi
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Yuan Yuan Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong 643000, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Physics, Chengdu Experimental Foreign Languages School, Chengdu 611134, China
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2
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Wu D, Du Q, Wu X, Shi R, Sai L, Liang X, Huang X, Zhao J. Evolution of atomic structures of SnN, SnN−, and SnNCl− clusters (N = 4–20): Insight from ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:174304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5095437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification By Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification By Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification By Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ruili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification By Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Linwei Sai
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification By Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification By Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
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Tsunoyama H, Shibuta M, Nakaya M, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Encapsulating Si 16 Cage Superatoms. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1735-1745. [PMID: 29715011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoclusters, aggregates of several to hundreds of atoms, have been one of the central issues of nanomaterials sciences owing to their unique structures and properties, which could be found neither in nanoparticles with several nanometer diameters nor in organometallic complexes. Along with the chemical nature of each element, properties of nanoclusters change dramatically with size parameters, making nanoclusters strong potential candidates for future tailor-made materials; these nanoclusters are expected to have attractive properties such as redox activity, catalysis, and magnetism. Alloying of nanoclusters additionally gives designer functionality by fine control of their electronic structures in addition to size parameters. Among binary nanoclusters, binary cage superatoms (BCSs) composed of transition metal (M) encapsulating silicon cages, M@Si16, have unique cage structures of 16 silicon atoms, which have not been found in elemental silicon nanoclusters, organosilicon compounds, and silicon based clathrates. The unique composition of these BCSs originates from the simultaneous satisfaction of geometric and electronic shell-closings in terms of cage geometry and valence electron filling, where a total of 68 valence electrons occupy the superatomic orbitals of (1S)2(1P)6(1D)10(1F)14(2S)2(1G)18(2P)6(2D)10 for M = group 4 elements in neutral ground state. The most important issue for M@Si16 BCSs is fine-tuning of their characters by replacement of the central metal atoms, M, based on one-by-one adjustment of valence electron counts in the same structure framework of Si16 cage; the replacement of M yields a series of M@Si16 BCSs, based on their superatomic characteristics. So far, despite these unique features probed in the gas-phase molecular beam and predicted by quantum chemical calculations, M@Si16 have not yet been isolated. In this Account, we have focused on recent advances in synthesis and characterizations of M@Si16 BCSs (M = Ti and Ta). A series of M@Si16 BCSs (M = groups 3 to 5) was found in gas-phase molecular beam experiments by photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry: formation of halogen-, rare-gas-, and alkali-like superatoms was identified through one-by-one tuning of number of total valence electrons. Toward future functional materials in the solid state, we have developed an intensive, size-selected nanocluster source based on high-power impulse magnetron sputtering coupled with a mass spectrometer and a soft-landing apparatus. With scanning probe microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy, the structure of surface-immobilized BCSs has been elucidated; BCSs can be dispersed in an isolated form using C60 fullerene decoration of the substrate. The intensive nanocluster source also enables the synthesis of BCSs in the 100-mg scale by coupling with a direct liquid-embedded trapping method into organic dispersants, enabling their structure characterization as a highly symmetric "metal-encapsulating tetrahedral silicon-cage" (METS) structure with Frank-Kasper geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Akutsu M, Koyasu K, Atobe J, Miyajima K, Mitsui M, Tsunoyama H, Nakajima A. Geometric and electronic properties of Si-atom doped Al clusters: robustness of binary superatoms against charging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20401-20411. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemically stabilized binary superatoms are formed with Si-atom doping into Al superatoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Akutsu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Junko Atobe
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Ken Miyajima
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Masaaki Mitsui
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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Li Y, Lyon JT, Woodham AP, Fielicke A, Janssens E. The Geometric Structure of Silver-Doped Silicon Clusters. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:328-36. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Hao FY, Su RZ, Cui JG. Geometric structures and electron affinities of chlorine-doped silicon clusters. Mol Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2010.497777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lyon JT, Gruene P, Fielicke A, Meijer G, Janssens E, Claes P, Lievens P. Structures of Silicon Cluster Cations in the Gas Phase. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:1115-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ja807518y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T. Lyon
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philipp Gruene
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - André Fielicke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerard Meijer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ewald Janssens
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Claes
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Lievens
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Magnetism & INPAC-Institute of Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Gruene P, Fielicke A, Meijer G, Janssens E, Ngan VT, Nguyen MT, Lievens P. Tuning the Geometric Structure by Doping Silicon Clusters. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:703-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lin L, Yang J, Ning H, Hao D, Fan H. Silicon–sodium binary clusters SinNa (n⩽10) and their anions: Structures, thermochemistry, and electron affinities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Hao FY, Zhao YF, Jing XG, Li XY, Liu FL. Geometrical and electronic structures of the Sn n Cl and Sn n Cl− (n = 1–6) clusters. Mol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970600628151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Y. Hao
- a Center for Condensed Matter Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. F. Zhao
- a Center for Condensed Matter Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - X. G. Jing
- a Center for Condensed Matter Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - X. Y. Li
- a Center for Condensed Matter Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - F. L. Liu
- a Center for Condensed Matter Science and Technology , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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Zubarev DY, Boldyrev AI, Li X, Cui LF, Wang LS. Chemical Bonding in Si52- and NaSi5- via Photoelectron Spectroscopy and ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:11385-94. [PMID: 16354025 DOI: 10.1021/jp0526748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations are used to investigate the electronic structure and chemical bonding of Si5(-) and Si5(2-) in NaSi5(-). Photoelectron spectra of Si5(-) and NaSi5(-) are obtained at several photon energies and are compared with theoretical calculations at four different levels of theory, TD-B3LYP, R(U)OVGF, UCCSD(T), and EOM-CCSD(T), all with 6-311+G(2df) basis sets. Excellent agreement is observed between experiment and theory, confirming the obtained ground-state structures for Si5(-) and Si5(2-), which are both found to be trigonal bipyramid with D3h symmetry at several levels of theory. Chemical bonding in Si5, Si5(-), and Si5(2-) is analyzed using NPA, molecular orbitals, ELF, and NICS indices. The bonding in Si5(2-) is compared with that in the isoelectronic and isostructural B5H5(2-) species, but they are found to differ due to the involvement of electron densities, which are supposed to be lone pairs in the skeletal bonding in Si5(2-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Yu Zubarev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, USA
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Kumar V, Esfarjani K, Kawazoe Y. Ab Initio Computer Simulations on Microclusters: Structures and Electronic Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-04812-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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LI GUOLIANG, LI QIANSHU, XU WENGUO, XIE YAOMING, SCHAEFER HENRYF. Structures, thermochemistry, and electron affinities of the disilicon fluorides, Si2Fn/Si2F−n(n= 1–6). Mol Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970110042811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Wang WN, Tang HR, Fan KN, Iwata S. A theoretical study of Si4H2 cluster with ab initio and density functional theory methods. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1316032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shvartsburg AA, Liu B, Jarrold MF, Ho KM. Modeling ionic mobilities by scattering on electronic density isosurfaces: Application to silicon cluster anions. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wang SF, Feng JK, Yu KQ, Cui M, Ren AM, Sun CC, Liu P, Gao Z, Kong FA. DFT studies of structures and vibrational spectra of silicon–sulfur clusters (SiS 2 ) n + (n=1–5). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(99)00328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Liu B, Lu ZY, Pan B, Wang CZ, Ho KM, Shvartsburg AA, Jarrold MF. Ionization of medium-sized silicon clusters and the geometries of the cations. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Negishi Y, Kawamata H, Hayakawa F, Nakajima A, Kaya K. The infrared HOMO–LUMO gap of germanium clusters. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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