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Fiedler J, Berland K, Borchert JW, Corkery RW, Eisfeld A, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Greve MM, Holst B, Jacobs K, Krüger M, Parsons DF, Persson C, Presselt M, Reisinger T, Scheel S, Stienkemeier F, Tømterud M, Walter M, Weitz RT, Zalieckas J. Perspectives on weak interactions in complex materials at different length scales. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2671-2705. [PMID: 36637007 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials consist of nanometer-sized quantum objects such as atoms, molecules, voids or nanoparticles embedded in a host material. These quantum objects can be exploited as a super-structure, which can be designed to create material properties targeted for specific applications. For electromagnetism, such targeted properties include field enhancements around the bandgap of a semiconductor used for solar cells, directional decay in topological insulators, high kinetic inductance in superconducting circuits, and many more. Despite very different application areas, all of these properties are united by the common aim of exploiting collective interaction effects between quantum objects. The literature on the topic spreads over very many different disciplines and scientific communities. In this review, we present a cross-disciplinary overview of different approaches for the creation, analysis and theoretical description of nanocomposites with applications related to electromagnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Berland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - J W Borchert
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R W Corkery
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - M M Greve
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - B Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D F Parsons
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - C Persson
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - T Reisinger
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S Scheel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tømterud
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R T Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Zalieckas
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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High-resolution two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy reveals the homogeneous line profile of chromophores solvated in nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3350. [PMID: 35688839 PMCID: PMC9187667 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Doped clusters in the gas phase provide nanoconfined model systems for the study of system-bath interactions. To gain insight into interaction mechanisms between chromophores and their environment, the ensemble inhomogeneity has to be lifted and the homogeneous line profile must be accessed. However, such measurements are very challenging at the low particle densities and low signal levels in cluster beam experiments. Here, we dope cryogenic rare-gas clusters with phthalocyanine molecules and apply action-detected two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to gain insight into the local molecule-cluster environment for solid and superfluid cluster species. The high-resolution homogeneous linewidth analysis provides a benchmark for the theoretical modelling of binding configurations and shows a promising route for high-resolution molecular two-dimensional spectroscopy. Understanding the interaction of single chromophores with nanoparticles remains a challenging task in nanoscience. Here the authors provide insight into the interaction between isolated base-free phthalocyanine molecules and He and Ne nanoclusters in the gas phase using high-resolution two-dimensional spectroscopy.
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3
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Briant M, Mestdagh JM, Gaveau MA, Poisson L. Reaction dynamics within a cluster environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9807-9835. [PMID: 35441619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article reviews experimental and theoretical works where rare gas clusters and helium nanodroplets are used as a nanoreactor to investigate chemical dynamics in a solvent environment. A historical perspective is presented first followed by specific considerations on the mobility of reactants within these reaction media. The dynamical response of pure clusters and nanodroplets to photoexcitation is shortly reviewed before examining the role of the cluster (or nanodroplet) degrees of freedom in the photodynamics of the guest atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Briant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Marc-André Gaveau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lionel Poisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
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Stauffert O, Izadnia S, Stienkemeier F, Walter M. Optical signatures of pentacene in soft rare-gas environments. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244703. [PMID: 31255055 DOI: 10.1063/1.5097553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acenes and pentacene (Pc), in particular, are promising candidates for organic dyes with interesting properties important for solar light to energy conversion. We present a combined experimental and computational study of Pc in an ultracold environment that allows for high resolution optical spectroscopy. The spectra and their vibrational substructure are interpreted with the help of density functional theory calculations. While there are only slight changes within superfluid helium as compared to vacuum, the neon surface shows more prominent effects. Additional vibrational coupling by neon modes leads to broadening as well as the emergence of new features, like the otherwise symmetry forbidden out-of-plane butterfly mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Stauffert
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sharareh Izadnia
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herrmann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Lin Z, Van Voorhis T. Triplet Tuning: A Novel Family of Non-Empirical Exchange–Correlation Functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1226-1241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Lan Y, Wang C, Yuan F, Fereja TH, Lou B, Han S, Li J, Xu G. Electrochemiluminescence of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid/oxamic hydrazide and its application in the detection of tannic acid. Analyst 2019; 144:4493-4498. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an00615j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemiluminescence of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic acid/oxamic hydrazide is reported and used for tannic acid detection for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Lan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
| | - Fan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Tadesse Haile Fereja
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Baohua Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Shuang Han
- College of Applied Chemistry
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology
- Shenyang 110142
- PR China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Guobao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering
- Guilin University of Technology
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry
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7
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Izadnia S, Schönleber DW, Eisfeld A, Ruf A, LaForge AC, Stienkemeier F. Singlet Fission in Weakly Interacting Acene Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2068-2073. [PMID: 28421765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The energy conversion in solar cells has conventionally been limited by the Shockley-Queisser limit. Singlet fission (SF), a decay mechanism where a single excited singlet state is converted into two triplet states, can drastically improve this efficiency. For the most part, observation of SF has been limited to crystalline structures in solids and films, where strong ordering was present. Here we report on singlet fission in a disordered system where organic chromophores are distributed on the surface of a rare gas cluster. In this case, the intermolecular distances and degree of excitation can be varied to obtain their effects on the rate of singlet fission. We introduce a kinematic model that takes into account the details of the geometrical arrangement of the system as well as the time-dependent populations of the relevant states of each molecule and evaluate the trends obtained by SF on the experimental observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Izadnia
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - David W Schönleber
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems , 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eisfeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems , 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Ruf
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron C LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg , 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Katzy R, Singer M, Izadnia S, LaForge AC, Stienkemeier F. Doping He droplets by laser ablation with a pulsed supersonic jet source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:013105. [PMID: 26827307 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation offers the possibility to study a rich number of atoms, molecules, and clusters in the gas phase. By attaching laser ablated materials to helium nanodroplets, one can gain highly resolved spectra of isolated species in a cold, weakly perturbed system. Here, we present a new setup for doping pulsed helium nanodroplet beams by means of laser ablation. In comparison to more well-established techniques using a continuous nozzle, pulsed nozzles show significant differences in the doping efficiency depending on certain experimental parameters (e.g., position of the ablation plume with respect to the droplet formation, nozzle design, and expansion conditions). In particular, we demonstrate that when the ablation region overlaps with the droplet formation region, one also creates a supersonic beam of helium atoms seeded with the sample material. The processes are characterized using a surface ionization detector. The overall doping signal is compared to that of conventional oven cell doping showing very similar dependence on helium stagnation conditions, indicating a comparable doping process. Finally, the ablated material was spectroscopically studied via laser induced fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Katzy
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Singer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Izadnia
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - A C LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Bruder L, Mudrich M, Stienkemeier F. Phase-modulated electronic wave packet interferometry reveals high resolution spectra of free Rb atoms and Rb*He molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23877-85. [PMID: 26309123 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03868e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phase-modulated wave packet interferometry is combined with mass-resolved photoion detection to investigate rubidium atoms attached to helium nanodroplets in a molecular beam experiment. The spectra of atomic Rb electronic states show a vastly enhanced sensitivity and spectral resolution when compared to conventional pump-probe wave packet interferometry. Furthermore, the formation of Rb*He exciplex molecules is probed and for the first time a fully resolved vibrational spectrum for transitions between the lowest excited 5Π3/2 and the high-lying electronic states 2(2)Π, 4(2)Δ, 6(2)Σ is obtained and compared to theory. The feasibility of applying coherent multidimensional spectroscopy to dilute cold gas phase samples is demonstrated in these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bruder
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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10
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Dvorak M, Müller M, Bünermann O, Stienkemeier F. Size dependent transition to solid hydrogen and argon clusters probed via spectroscopy of PTCDA embedded in helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2015; 140:144301. [PMID: 24735293 DOI: 10.1063/1.4870395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Complexes made of either Ar(N) or (H2)N clusters (N = 1-170) and a single PTCDA molecule (3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride) are assembled inside helium droplets and spectroscopically studied via laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The frequency shift and line-broadening are analyzed as a function of N and of the pick-up order of the PTCDA and cluster material in order to track liquid or solid properties of the clusters. For argon, the solid phase is observed for N > 10 above which the pick-up order dramatically influences the localization of the chromophore with respect to the Ar cluster. If the droplets are doped first with Ar, the chromophore remains on the surface of a solid cluster whereas for the reversed pick-up order the molecule is surrounded by an argon shell. At N < 10 wetting and the formation of the first solvation shell are observed. For para-hydrogen, a transition to the solid is observed at N ~ 20-25, confirming previous theoretical predictions on the existence of a liquid-like phase at such small sizes, even below the bulk hydrogen freezing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Dvorak
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Müller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Bünermann
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Eibenberger S, Cheng X, Cotter JP, Arndt M. Absolute absorption cross sections from photon recoil in a matter-wave interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:250402. [PMID: 25014795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.250402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We measure the absolute absorption cross section of molecules using a matter-wave interferometer. A nanostructured density distribution is imprinted onto a dilute molecular beam through quantum interference. As the beam crosses the light field of a probe laser some molecules will absorb a single photon. These absorption events impart a momentum recoil which shifts the position of the molecule relative to the unperturbed beam. Averaging over the shifted and unshifted components within the beam leads to a reduction of the fringe visibility, enabling the absolute absorption cross section to be extracted with high accuracy. This technique is independent of the molecular density, it is minimally invasive and successfully eliminates many problems related to photon cycling, state mixing, photobleaching, photoinduced heating, fragmentation, and ionization. It can therefore be extended to a wide variety of neutral molecules, clusters, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Eibenberger
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ & QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaxi Cheng
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ & QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J P Cotter
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ & QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Arndt
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, VCQ & QuNaBioS, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Dvorak M, Müller M, Knoblauch T, Bünermann O, Rydlo A, Minniberger S, Harbich W, Stienkemeier F. Spectroscopy of 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) attached to rare gas samples: Clusters vs. bulk matrices. II. Fluorescence emission spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:164302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4759445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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