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Barnum TJ, Clausen G, Jiang J, Coy SL, Field RW. Long-range model of vibrational autoionization in core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states of NO. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244303. [PMID: 34972375 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In high orbital angular momentum (ℓ ≥ 3) Rydberg states, the centrifugal barrier hinders the close approach of the Rydberg electron to the ion-core. As a result, these core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states can be well described by a simplified model in which the Rydberg electron is only weakly perturbed by the long-range electric properties (i.e., multipole moments and polarizabilities) of the ion-core. We have used a long-range model to describe the vibrational autoionization dynamics of high-ℓ Rydberg states of nitric oxide (NO). In particular, our model explains the extensive angular momentum exchange between the ion-core and the Rydberg electron that had been previously observed in vibrational autoionization of f (ℓ = 3) Rydberg states. These results shed light on a long-standing mechanistic question around these previous observations and support a direct, vibrational mechanism of autoionization over an indirect, predissociation-mediated mechanism. In addition, our model correctly predicts newly measured total decay rates of g (ℓ = 4) Rydberg states because for ℓ ≥ 4, the non-radiative decay is dominated by autoionization rather than predissociation. We examine the predicted NO+ ion rotational state distributions generated by vibrational autoionization of g states and discuss applications of our model to achieve quantum state selection in the production of molecular ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Barnum
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Gloria Clausen
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L Coy
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Robert W Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Viteri CR, Gilkison AT, Grant ER. The np Rydberg series of boron monohydride: l-uncoupling and Rydberg electron interactions with the rovibrational motion of the ion core. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:214312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4723807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Kay JJ, Coy SL, Wong BM, Jungen C, Field RW. A quantum defect model for the s, p, d, and f Rydberg series of CaF. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:114313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3565967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Kay
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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Clarson B, Procter S, Goodgame A, Softley T. The Stark effect in the predissociating Rydberg states of NO. Mol Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970802298753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Viteri CR, Gilkison AT, Grant ER. Dynamics of dissociative recombination versus electron ejection in single rovibronic resonances of BH. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:084301. [PMID: 17343442 DOI: 10.1063/1.2484107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical-optical-optical triple resonance spectroscopy isolates transitions to vibrationless Rydberg states of BH with principal quantum numbers from n=7 to 50. Corresponding resonances appear in the excitation spectrum of excited boron atoms produced by the dissociative relaxation of these states. The decay to neutral products occurs on a nanosecond time scale. Yet, corresponding resonances show Fano coupling widths that approach 1 cm-1. Above threshold, spontaneous ionization dominates, but line shapes match for resonances with the same electron orbital quantum numbers built on v+=0 and v+=1 cores. This striking feature-for-feature similarity in predissociation and autoionization line shapes affirms that inelastic electron-cation scattering pathways leading to electron ejection and dissociative recombination proceed through a common continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ricardo Viteri
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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Zhao R, Konen IM, Zare RN. Optical-optical double resonance photoionization spectroscopy of nf Rydberg states of nitric oxide. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:9938-47. [PMID: 15549868 DOI: 10.1063/1.1807373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectra of vibrationally excited nf Rydberg states of nitric oxide were recorded by monitoring the photoion current produced using two-photon double resonance excitation via the NO A (2)Sigma(+) state followed by photoexcitation of the Rydberg state that undergoes autoionization. The optical transition intensities from NO A state to nf Rydberg states were calculated, and the results agree closely with experiment. These results combined with circular dichroism measurements allow us to assign rotational quantum numbers to the nf Rydberg states even in a spectrum of relatively low resolution. We report the positions of these nf (upsilon,N,N(c)) Rydberg levels converging to the NO X (1)Sigma(+) upsilon(+) = 1 and 2 ionization limits where N is the total angular momentum excluding electron and nuclear spin and N(c) represents the rotational quantum number of the ion core. Our two-color optical-optical double resonance measurements cover the range of N from 15 to 28, N(c) from 14 to 29, and the principal quantum number n from 9 to 21. The electrostatic interaction between the Rydberg electron and the ion core is used to account for the rotational fine structure and a corresponding model is used to fit the energy levels to obtain the quadrupole moment and polarizability of the NO(+) core. Comparison with a multichannel quantum defect theory fit to the same data confirms that the model we use for the electrostatic interaction between the nf Rydberg electron and the ion core of NO well describes the rotational fine structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchuan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Kay JJ, Byun DS, Clevenger JO, Jiang X, Petrović VS, Seiler R, Barchi JR, Merer AJ, Field RW. "Spectrum-only" assignment of core-penetrating and core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states of calcium monofluoride. CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v04-071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Rydberg states of calcium monofluoride in the n* = 1720 region have been observed by ionization-detected opticaloptical double-resonance spectroscopy via the D2Σ+ v = 1 intermediate state. All members of the six core-penetrating Rydberg series in the n* = 1720 region and several components of the 17f and 17g core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states have been assigned. While the assignment of core-penetrating Rydberg states is straightforward without use of an effective Hamiltonian model, "spectrum-only" assignment of core-nonpenetrating states is complicated because strong l-uncoupling causes the core-nonpenetrating states to evolve rapidly from Hund's case (b) to Hund's case (d) coupling. We describe "spectrum-only" assignment procedures, developed in the spirit of Gerhard Herzberg, that can be used to assign opticaloptical double-resonance spectra of core-penetrating and core-nonpenetrating Rydberg states using only information contained in the spectrum rather than predictions derived from an effective Hamiltonian model. The ambiguities that arise in the assignment of each class of states are discussed in detail.Key words: CaF, electric quadrupole moment, Rydberg states, laser spectroscopy.
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Zhong ZP, Zhang WH, Li JM. Quantum defect theory of the molecular photoabsorption process: NO spectra in the energy region 9.3–22.0 eV. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Park H, Konen I, Zare RN. Partial-wave decomposition of the ionization continuum accessed by vibrational autoionization of the NO 14s ( nu = 1, N = 20, N(+)(R) = 20) level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:3819-3822. [PMID: 11019214 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rotationally resolved photoelectron angular distributions from vibrational autoionization of the NO 14s ( nu = 1, N = 20, N(+)(R) = 20) level are measured by photoelectron spectroscopy, and they are analyzed using a theoretical model based on first-order coupling between the Rydberg level and the ionization continuum. The analysis reveals that lambda-changing collisions and l-changing collisions between the molecular-ion core and the outgoing electron are comparable in magnitude and account for 40% of the partial waves produced in the ionization continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Park
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Monti OLA, Dickinson H, Mackenzie SR, Softley TP. Rapidly fluctuating anisotropy parameter in the near-threshold photodissociation of NO2. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Raptis CA, Bacon JA, Pratt ST. Double-resonance spectroscopy of autoionizing states of ammonia. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Zückerman EJ, Mayer EE, Foltynowicz RJ, Robinson JD, Jen SH, Konopka MC, Sanford T, Hedderich HG, Chen IC, Grant ER. Double-resonance spectroscopy of the high Rydberg states of HCO. V. Rovibronic interactions and l-uncoupling in the (010) manifold. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1290032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Takazawa K, Abe H. Electronic spectra of gaseous nitric oxide in magnetic fields up to 10 T. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Remacle F, Vrakking MJJ. Decay Dynamics of the Predissociating High Rydberg States of NO. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982053x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Remacle
- Département de Chimie, B6, Université de Liège, B 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc J. J. Vrakking
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Kruislaan 407, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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McCormack EF, Di Teodoro F, Grochocinski JM, Pratt ST. Dynamics of Rydberg states of nitric oxide probed by two-color resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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