1
|
Butkovskaya NI, Setser DW. Vibrational relaxation of HOD by collisions with Ar atoms. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:054301. [PMID: 39087535 DOI: 10.1063/5.0218695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrational relaxation of HOD(v12, v3) molecules by collisions with Ar was studied at 298 K (v12 denotes coupled bending, v2, and OD stretching, v1, vibrational modes and v3 denotes OH stretching mode). The vibrationally excited HOD molecules were generated by exothermic abstraction reactions of OD radicals with 13 different RH reactants and observed by infrared emission from a fast-flow reactor as a function of Ar pressure and reaction time. State-specific relaxation rate constants were obtained by comparison of the time evolution of the experimental vibrational distributions with numerical kinetic calculations for vibrational populations. The relaxation mechanism was based on the relaxation scheme of H2O studied earlier with the addition of specific channels for HOD(v12, v3). Unlike H2O, energy in stretching and bending vibrations of HOD cannot be separated due to close ν1 and 2ν2 energies, which leads to fast collisional equilibration between these Fermi-resonant levels. For relaxation of the only pure bending state (10), a rate constant of (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 was obtained. The relaxation rate of higher v12 states linearly increases with quantum number and very likely includes transfer of population from OD stretch levels, v1, to a lower energy bend level. The average rate constants for the loss of population from (01), (02), and (03) stretching states are (1.1 ± 0.3) × 10-14, (3.2 ± 1.0) × 10-14, and (5.6 ± 1.2) × 10-14 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N I Butkovskaya
- Semenov Federal Research Center of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D W Setser
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Smith JM, Nikow M, Wilhelm MJ, Dai HL. Collisional Relaxation of Highly Vibrationally Excited Acetylene Mediated by the Vinylidene Isomer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8782-8793. [PMID: 37846886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Collisional relaxation of highly vibrationally excited acetylene, generated from the 193 nm photolysis of vinyl bromide with roughly 23,000 cm-1 of nascent vibrational energy, is studied via submicrosecond time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) emission spectroscopy. IR emission from vibrationally hot acetylene during collisional relaxation by helium, neon, argon, and krypton rare-gas colliders is recorded and analyzed to deduce the acetylene energy content as a function of time. The average energy lost per collision, ⟨ΔE⟩, is computed using the Lennard-Jones collision frequency. Two distinct vibrational-to-translational (V-T) energy transfer regimes in terms of the acetylene energy are identified. At vibrational energies below 10,000-14,000 cm-1, energy transfer efficiency increases linearly with molecular energy content and is in line with typical V-T behavior in quantity. In contrast, above 10,000-14,000 cm-1, the V-T energy transfer efficiency displays a dramatic and rapid increase. This increase is nearly coincident with the acetylene-vinylidene isomerization limit, which occurs nearly 15,000 cm-1 above the acetylene zero-point energy. Combined quasi-classical trajectory calculations and Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld-Tanczos theory point to a vinylidene contribution being responsible for the large enhancement. This observation illustrates the influence of energetically accessible structural isomers to greatly enhance the energy transfer rates of highly vibrationally excited molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th. Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- Hylleraas Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo 0313, Norway
| | - Matthew Nikow
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th. Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Michael J Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th. Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th. Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wilhelm MJ, Dai HL. Collisional Energy Transfer from Vibrationally Excited Hydrogen Isocyanide. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:6927-6936. [PMID: 31339307 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Collisional deactivation of vibrationally excited hydrogen isocyanide (HNC) by inert gas atoms was characterized using nanosecond time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy. HNC, with an average nascent internal energy of 25.9 ± 1.4 kcal mol-1, was generated following the 193 nm photolysis of vinyl cyanide (CH2CHCN) and collisionally deactivated with the series of inert atomic gases: He, Ar, Kr, and Xe. Time-dependent IR emission allows simultaneous experimental observation of the ν1 NH and ν3 NC stretch emissions from vibrationally excited HNC. Subsequent spectral fit analysis enables direct determination of the average energy of HNC in each spectrum and therefore a measure of the average energy lost per collision, ⟨ΔE⟩, as a function of internal energy. Collisional deactivation of excited HNC is shown to be relatively efficient, exhibiting ⟨ΔE⟩ values more than an order of magnitude larger than comparably sized molecules at similar internal energies. Furthermore, the lighter inert gases are shown to be more efficient quenchers. Both observations can be qualitatively explained by the momentum gap law modeled through the repulsive force dominated vibration-to-translation energy transfer mechanism. The feasibility of efficient collisional deactivation as a contributing factor to the observed overabundance of astrophysical HNC is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 N. 13th Street , Philadelphia 19122 , Pennsylvania , United States
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , 1901 N. 13th Street , Philadelphia 19122 , Pennsylvania , United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Classical trajectory studies of collisional energy transfer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64207-3.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|
5
|
Glarborg P, Marshall P, Troe J. Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Reaction S + CS (+M) → CS2 (+M). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7277-81. [PMID: 25669352 DOI: 10.1021/jp5121492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experimental data for the unimolecular decomposition of CS2 from the literature are analyzed by unimolecular rate theory with the goal of obtaining rate constants for the reverse reaction S + CS (+M) → CS2 (+M) over wide temperature and pressure ranges. The results constitute an important input for the kinetic modeling of CS2 oxidation. CS2 dissociation proceeds as a spin-forbidden process whose detailed properties are still not well understood. The role of the singlet-triplet transition involved is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Glarborg
- †Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Paul Marshall
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Scientific Computing and Modeling (CASCaM), University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle 305070, Denton, Texas 76203-5017, United States
| | - Jürgen Troe
- §Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.,∥Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wilhelm MJ, Nikow M, Smith JM, Dai HL. Collisional Energy Transfer from Highly Vibrationally Excited Radicals Is Very Efficient. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:23-29. [PMID: 26291206 DOI: 10.1021/jz301761e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although highly vibrationally excited (HVE) radicals are ubiquitous in natural environments, the effect of collisional energy transfer (ET) on their reactivity has yet to be fully characterized. We have used time-resolved IR emission spectroscopy to characterize the vibrational-to-translational quenching of a small HVE radical, ketenyl (HCCO), by inert gases. Photolysis of ethyl ethynyl ether at 193 nm provides HVE HCCO in the X̃(2)A″ electronic ground-state, with a nascent internal energy of 2.2 ± 0.6 eV. IR emission is monitored as an indicator of vibrational energy, and spectral modeling allows direct determination of the average energy lost per collision as a function of the internal energy. Collisional deactivation of HVE HCCO is shown to be minimally an order of magnitude more efficient than closed-shell molecules of comparable size. Schwartz-Slawsky-Herzfeld-Tanczos (SSHT) theory, modified for HVE molecules, suggests that this ET enhancement is due to a strong attractive intermolecular interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wilhelm
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Matthew Nikow
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan M Smith
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Hai-Lung Dai
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hsu HC, Tsai MT, Dyakov YA, Ni CK. Energy transfer of highly vibrationally excited molecules studied by crossed molecular beam/time-sliced velocity map ion imaging. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.673282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
Kimura Y, Abe D, Terazima M. Vibrational energy relaxation of naphthalene in the S(1) state in various gases. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:5794-800. [PMID: 15367005 DOI: 10.1063/1.1786925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved fluorescence spectra of naphthalene in the S(1) state have been measured in various gases below 10(2) kPa. The band shape of the fluorescence changed in an earlier time region after the photoexcitation when an excess energy (3300 cm(-1)) above the 0-0 transition energy was given. The excitation energy dependence of the fluorescence band shape of an isolated naphthalene molecule was measured separately, and the time dependence of the fluorescence band shape in gases was found to be due to the vibrational energy relaxation in the S(1) state. We have succeeded in determining the transient excess vibrational energy by comparing the time-resolved fluorescence band shape with the excitation energy dependence of the fluorescence band shape. The excess vibrational energy decayed almost exponentially. From the slope of the decay rate against the buffer gas pressure, we have determined the collisional decay rate of the excess vibrational energy in various gases. The dependence of the vibrational energy relaxation rate on the buffer gas species was similar to the case of azulene. The comparisons with the results in the low temperature argon and the energy relaxation rate in the S(0) state in nitrogen were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Kimura
- Division of Research Initiatives, International Innovation Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Estupiñán EG, Nicovich JM, Li J, Cunnold DM, Wine PH. Investigation of N2O Production from 266 and 532 nm Laser Flash Photolysis of O3/N2/O2 Mixtures. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014242c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Estupiñán
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - J. M. Nicovich
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - J. Li
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - D. M. Cunnold
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - P. H. Wine
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Knyazev VD, Slagle IR. Kinetics of the Reactions of Allyl and Propargyl Radicals with CH3. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp003890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D. Knyazev
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20064
| | - Irene R. Slagle
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Chemistry, Washington, D.C. 20064
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barker JR, Yoder LM, King KD. Vibrational Energy Transfer Modeling of Nonequilibrium Polyatomic Reaction Systems. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002077f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Barker
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, S.A., Australia, 5005
| | - Laurie M. Yoder
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, S.A., Australia, 5005
| | - Keith D. King
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Adelaide University, Adelaide, S.A., Australia, 5005
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Knyazev VD, Tsang W. Chemically and Thermally Activated Decomposition of Secondary Butyl Radical. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001921z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim D. Knyazev
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Wing Tsang
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yamaguchi T, Kimura Y, Hirota N. Vibrational energy relaxation of azulene in the S2 state. I. Solvent species dependence. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1305822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
14
|
Lenzer T, Luther K, Reihs K, Symonds AC. Collisional energy transfer probabilities of highly excited molecules from kinetically controlled selective ionization (KCSI). II. The collisional relaxation of toluene: P(E′,E) and moments of energy transfer for energies up to 50 000 cm−1. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
15
|
Hold U, Lenzer T, Luther K, Reihs K, Symonds AC. Collisional energy transfer probabilities of highly excited molecules from kinetically controlled selective ionization (KCSI). I. The KCSI technique: Experimental approach for the determination of P(E′,E) in the quasicontinuous energy range. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
16
|
Pino GA, Rinaldi CA, Coronado EA, Ferrero JC. Collisional relaxation of highly vibrationally excited CF2O prepared with different initial energies and distribution functions. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
17
|
|