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Upadhyay M, Meuwly M. Energy Redistribution Following CO2 Formation on Cold Amorphous Solid Water. Front Chem 2022; 9:827085. [PMID: 35211461 PMCID: PMC8861491 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.827085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of molecules in and on amorphous solid water (ASW) as it occurs in interstellar space releases appreciable amounts of energy that need to be dissipated to the environment. Here, energy transfer between CO2 formed within and on the surface of amorphous solid water (ASW) and the surrounding water is studied. Following CO(1Σ+) + O(1D) recombination the average translational and internal energy of the water molecules increases on the ∼10 ps time scale by 15–25% depending on whether the reaction takes place on the surface or in an internal cavity of ASW. Due to tight coupling between CO2 and the surrounding water molecules the internal energy exhibits a peak at early times which is present for recombination on the surface but absent for the process inside ASW. Energy transfer to the water molecules is characterized by a rapid ∼10 ps and a considerably slower ∼1 ns component. Within 50 ps a mostly uniform temperature increase of the ASW across the entire surface is found. The results suggest that energy transfer between a molecule formed on and within ASW is efficient and helps to stabilize the reaction products generated.
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Serra-Peralta M, Domínguez-Dalmases C, Rimola A. Water formation on interstellar silicates: the role of Fe 2+/H 2 interactions in the O + H 2 → H 2O reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28381-28393. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Water formation by reaction of H2 and O on silicate surfaces as a first step towards the generation of interstellar ice mantles is possible thanks to the activation of H2 inferred by Fe2+ ions and quantum tunnelling effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Serra-Peralta
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Albert Rimola
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Pezzella M, Koner D, Meuwly M. Formation and Stabilization of Ground and Excited-State Singlet O 2 upon Recombination of 3P Oxygen on Amorphous Solid Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:2171-2176. [PMID: 32059109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recombination dynamics of 3P oxygen atoms on cold amorphous solid water to form triplet and singlet molecular oxygen (O2) is investigated under conditions representative of cold clouds. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations including Landau-Zener-based hopping to account for nonadiabatic transitions find that both ground-state (X3Σg-) O2 and molecular oxygen in the two lowest singlet states (a1Δg and b1Σg+) can be formed and the molecular species stabilize through vibrational relaxation. The relative populations of the species are approximately 1:1:1. These results also agree qualitatively with a kinetic model based on simplified wavepacket simulations. The presence and stabilization of higher electronic states of O2 are expected to modify the chemical evolution of cold interstellar (T ∼ 10-50 K) and warmer noctilucent (T ∼ 100 K) clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pezzella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debasish Koner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Meuwly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Molpeceres G, Rimola A, Ceccarelli C, Kästner J, Ugliengo P, Maté B. Silicate-mediated interstellar water formation: A theoretical study. MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 482:5389-5400. [PMID: 31156274 PMCID: PMC6544534 DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty3024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the most abundant molecules in the form of solid ice phase in the different regions of the interstellar medium (ISM). This large abundance cannot be properly explained by using only traditional low temperature gas-phase reactions. Thus, surface chemical reactions are believed to be major synthetic channels for the formation of interstellar water ice. Among the different proposals, hydrogenation of atomic O (i.e., 2H + O → H2O) is a chemically "simple" and plausible reaction toward water formation occurring on the surfaces of interstellar grains. Here, novel theoretical results concerning the formation of water adopting this mechanism on the crystalline (010) Mg2SiO4 surface (a unequivocally identified interstellar silicate) are presented. The investigated reaction aims to simulate the formation of the first water ice layer covering the silicate core of dust grains. Adsorption of the atomic O as a first step of the reaction has been computed, results indicating that a peroxo (O 2 2 - ) group is formed. The following steps involve the adsorption, diffusion and reaction of two successive H atoms with the adsorbed O atom. Results indicate that H diffusion on the surface has barriers of 4-6 kcal mol-1, while actual formation of OH and H2O present energy barriers of 22-23 kcal mol-1. Kinetic study results show that tunneling is crucial for the occurrence of the reactions and that formation of OH and H2O are the bottlenecks of the overall process. Several astrophysical implications derived from the theoretical results are provided as concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Molpeceres
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 123, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Rimola
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cecilia Ceccarelli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Piero Ugliengo
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS), Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Belén Maté
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Serrano 123, E-28006, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Frankland VL, Rosu-Finsen A, Lasne J, Collings MP, McCoustra MRS. Laboratory surface astrochemistry experiments. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:055103. [PMID: 26026554 DOI: 10.1063/1.4919657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although several research groups have studied the formation of H2 on interstellar dust grains using surface science techniques, few have explored the formation of more complex molecules. A small number of these reactions produce molecules that remain on the surface of interstellar dust grains and, over time, lead to the formation of icy mantles. The most abundant of these species within the ice is H2O and is of particular interest as the observed molecular abundance cannot be accounted for using gas-phase chemistry alone. This article provides a brief introduction to the astronomical implications and motivations behind this research and the requirement for a new dual atomic beam ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system. Further details of the apparatus design, characterisation, and calibration of the system are provided along with preliminary data from atomic O and O2 beam dosing on bare silica substrate and subsequent temperature programmed desorption measurements. The results obtained in this ongoing research may enable more chemically accurate surface formation mechanisms to be deduced for this and other species before simulating the kinetic data under interstellar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Frankland
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - A Rosu-Finsen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - J Lasne
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - M P Collings
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - M R S McCoustra
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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Minissale M, Dulieu F. Influence of surface coverage on the chemical desorption process. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:014304. [PMID: 25005286 DOI: 10.1063/1.4885847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In cold astrophysical environments, some molecules are observed in the gas phase whereas they should have been depleted, frozen on dust grains. In order to solve this problem, astrochemists have proposed that a fraction of molecules synthesized on the surface of dust grains could desorb just after their formation. Recently the chemical desorption process has been demonstrated experimentally, but the key parameters at play have not yet been fully understood. In this article, we propose a new procedure to analyze the ratio of di-oxygen and ozone synthesized after O atoms adsorption on oxidized graphite. We demonstrate that the chemical desorption efficiency of the two reaction paths (O+O and O+O2) is different by one order of magnitude. We show the importance of the surface coverage: for the O+O reaction, the chemical desorption efficiency is close to 80% at zero coverage and tends to zero at one monolayer coverage. The coverage dependence of O+O chemical desorption is proved by varying the amount of pre-adsorbed N2 on the substrate from 0 to 1.5 ML. Finally, we discuss the relevance of the different physical parameters that could play a role in the chemical desorption process: binding energy, enthalpy of formation, and energy transfer from the new molecule to the surface or to other adsorbates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Minissale
- LERMA, Université de Cergy Pontoise et Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8112 du CNRS. 5, mail Gay Lussac, 95031 Cergy Pontoise, France
| | - F Dulieu
- LERMA, Université de Cergy Pontoise et Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8112 du CNRS. 5, mail Gay Lussac, 95031 Cergy Pontoise, France
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Oba Y, Osaka K, Watanabe N, Chigai T, Kouchi A. Reaction kinetics and isotope effect of water formation by the surface reaction of solid H2O2with H atoms at low temperatures. Faraday Discuss 2014; 168:185-204. [PMID: 25302380 DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Minissale M, Congiu E, Dulieu F. Oxygen diffusion and reactivity at low temperature on bare amorphous olivine-type silicate. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:074705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4864657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Minissale M, Fedoseev G, Congiu E, Ioppolo S, Dulieu F, Linnartz H. Solid state chemistry of nitrogen oxides – Part I: surface consumption of NO. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:8257-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54917h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NO2 is efficiently formed in the solid state via NO + O/O2/O3 reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Minissale
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - G. Fedoseev
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E. Congiu
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - S. Ioppolo
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
- California Institute of Technology
- Pasadena, USA
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University Nijmegen
| | - F. Dulieu
- LERMA-LAMAp
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
| | - H. Linnartz
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Congiu E, Minissale M, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Cazaux S, Manicò G, Pirronello V, Dulieu F. Efficient diffusive mechanisms of O atoms at very low temperatures on surfaces of astrophysical interest. Faraday Discuss 2014; 168:151-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At the low temperatures of interstellar dust grains, it is well established that surface chemistry proceeds via diffusive mechanisms of H atoms weakly bound (physisorbed) to the surface. Until recently, however, it was unknown whether atoms heavier than hydrogen could diffuse rapidly enough on interstellar grains to react with other accreted species. In addition, models still require simple reduction as well as oxidation reactions to occur on grains to explain the abundances of various molecules. In this paper we investigate O-atom diffusion and reactivity on a variety of astrophysically relevant surfaces (water ice of three different morphologies, silicate, and graphite) in the 6.5–25 K temperature range. Experimental values were used to derive a diffusion law that emphasizes that O atoms diffuse by quantum mechanical tunnelling at temperatures as low as 6.5 K. The rates of diffusion on each surface, based on modelling results, were calculated and an empirical law is given as a function of the surface temperature. The relative diffusion rates are kH2Oice > ksil > kgraph ≫ kexpected. The implications of efficient O-atom diffusion over astrophysically relevant time-scales are discussed. Our findings show that O atoms can scan any available reaction partners (e.g., either another H atom, if available, or a surface radical like O or OH) at a faster rate than that of accretion. Also, as dense clouds mature, H2 becomes far more abundant than H and the O : H ratio grows, and the reactivity of O atoms on grains is such that O becomes one of the dominant reactive partners together with H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Congiu
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Marco Minissale
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Saoud Baouche
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Henda Chaabouni
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | - Audrey Moudens
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
| | | | - Giulio Manicò
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia
- Università di Catania
- 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Valerio Pirronello
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia
- Università di Catania
- 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - François Dulieu
- LERMA Université de Cergy-Pontoise and Observatoire de Paris
- ENS
- UPMC
- UMR 8112 du CNRS
- 95000 Cergy Pontoise cedex, France
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van Dishoeck EF. Astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas: introduction and overview. Faraday Discuss 2014; 168:9-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A brief introduction and overview of the astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas and their interplay is presented. The importance of basic chemical physics studies of critical reactions is illustrated through a number of recent examples. Such studies have also triggered new insight into chemistry, illustrating how astronomy and chemistry can enhance each other. Much of the chemistry in star- and planet-forming regions is now thought to be driven by gas–grain chemistry rather than pure gas-phase chemistry, and a critical discussion of the state of such models is given. Recent developments in studies of diffuse clouds and PDRs, cold dense clouds, hot cores, protoplanetary disks and exoplanetary atmospheres are summarized, both for simple and more complex molecules, with links to papers presented in this volume. In spite of many lingering uncertainties, the future of astrochemistry is bright: new observational facilities promise major advances in our understanding of the journey of gas, ice and dust from clouds to planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewine F. van Dishoeck
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institute für Extraterrestrische Physik
- Garching, Germany
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13
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Zins EL, Krim L. Hydrogenation processes from hydrogen peroxide: an investigation in Ne matrix for astrochemical purposes. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01920b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogenation processes of hydrogen peroxide leading to the formation of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie-Laure Zins
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Paris, France
- CNRS
- Paris, France
| | - Lahouari Krim
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- Paris, France
- CNRS
- Paris, France
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Hama T, Watanabe N. Surface Processes on Interstellar Amorphous Solid Water: Adsorption, Diffusion, Tunneling Reactions, and Nuclear-Spin Conversion. Chem Rev 2013; 113:8783-839. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature
Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature
Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
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Minissale M, Congiu E, Baouche S, Chaabouni H, Moudens A, Dulieu F, Manicó G, Pirronello V. Formation of nitrogen oxides via NO+O2 gas–solid reaction on cold surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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